The effects of the initial arterial tone on the pressure responses to phenylephrine

The effect of the elevated arterial tone on pressure responses to stimulation of arterial α - adrenoreceptors by phenylephrine hydrochloride was studied in anesthetized Wistar rats. Different levels of the arterial tone and, hence of the mean arterial pressure, were established by means of angiotensin II infusion in the range from 101 to 160 mmHg. An elevation of the arterial tone led to a significant reduction of the arterial pressure and peripheral resistance rise produced by phenylephrine. The degree of relative reduction of the increase in the diastolic pressure exceeded 1.3 times that in the systolic pressure. The shifts of cardiac outputs remained unchanged. After cessation of angiotensin II infusion the restoration of the arterial pressure took place almost till the initial level. At this time the pressure effects of phenylephrine were tended to recovery. It is suggested that the elevated arterial tone attenuates the systemic pressure response to stimulation of arterial α -adrenoreceptors by a vascular mechanism based on a transmural pressure changes evoked by the constriction of the arterial vessels

Painful hemiplegic shoulder in stroke patients: prevalence factors (literature review)

The article presents an overview of current concepts according to Russian and foreign authors about the prevalence of pain syndrome after stroke. This article lists the main causes and mechanisms of pain in a shoulder joint after stroke. A review examines the particulars of pain syndrome of various etiologies.В статье представлен обзор современных представлений по данным российских и зарубежных авторов о распространенности болевого синдрома после инсульта. Перечислены основные причины и механизмы формирования боли в плечевом суставе после инсульта. Рассмотрены особенности клинической картины при болевом синдроме различной этиологии

Treatment of a patient with two consecutive episodes of arterial embolism (clinical observation)

A clinical case of a patient with ischemic stroke is presented. The peculiarity of this case is two episodes of arterial embolism in the patient, a special feature of the patient's assistance and routing, surgical treatment: embolectomy, thromboextraction. The problem of the choice of adequate therapy for secondary prevention of stroke is considered.Представлен клинический случай пациента с ишемическим инсультом. Особенностью данного случая является два эпизода артериальной эмболии, этапность оказания помощи и маршрутизация, оперативное лечение: эмболэктомия, тромбэкстракция. Рассмотрена проблема выбора адекватной терапии вторичной профилактики инсульта

Experience with Relatox® in the combination therapy of arm and hand spasticity after stroke

Objective: to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of the botulinum toxin A Relatox® in arm and hand spasticity after ischemic stroke in routine clinical practice. Patients and methods. The instigation enrolled 7 patients after ischemic stroke (7 years ago) with the signs of upper limb spasticity. All the patients received combination treatment that involved daily kinesiotherapy sessions and electrical stimulation of the paralyzed limbs. Relatox® was once injected into the forearm muscles of the paralyzed arm 6 months or later after stroke. Muscles were chosen according to clinical and electromyographic findings. The patients' status was assessed before, 2 weeks and 3 months after injection. There were changes in muscle tone, motor abilities of the hand, in the degree of self-service, the presence of subjective sensations, and the degree of local and systemic reactions. The efficiency of therapy was evaluated clinically (Ashworth scale, Frenchay test, Barthel index) and on the basis of an analysis of video monitoring a patient's status and of the consideration of care-givers' views. Before included in the study, all the patients were treated with different types of botulinum neurotoxin type A made by other manufacturers. Results. The clinical efficiency of local intramuscular injection of the botulinum toxin type Relatox® in combination with kinesiotherapy and electrical stimulation after 14 days and 3 months after injection was noted in all cases. The good tolerability, efficacy, and long-term of action of relatox, which were comparable to those of other botulinum neurotoxin type A products, were noted during a 3-month follow-up. Neither side effects no adverse events were identified. Conclusion. Accumulation of data on the doses and effects of drugs for the local therapy of post-stroke spasticity, which have been obtained by different clinical centers, and the possibility of choosing a medication will be able to improve treatment in such patients

Three individuals, three stories, three burials from medieval Trondheim, Norway

This article presents the life stories of three individuals who lived in Trondheim, Norway, dur- ing the 13th century. Based on skeletal examinations, facial reconstructions, genetic analy- ses, and stable oxygen isotope analyses, the birthplace, mobility, ancestry, pathology, and physical appearance of these people are presented. The stories are discussed within the relevant historical context. These three people would have been ordinary citizens, without any privileges out of the ordinary, which makes them quite rare in the academic literature. Through the study of individuals one gets a unique look into the Norwegian medieval society

Experience with Relatox® in the combination therapy of arm and hand spasticity after stroke

Objective: to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of the botulinum toxin A Relatox® in arm and hand spasticity after ischemic stroke in routine clinical practice.Patients and methods. The instigation enrolled 7 patients after ischemic stroke (7 years ago) with the signs of upper limb spasticity. All the patients received combination treatment that involved daily kinesiotherapy sessions and electrical stimulation of the paralyzed limbs. Relatox® was once injected into the forearm muscles of the paralyzed arm 6 months or later after stroke. Muscles were chosen according to clinical and electromyographic findings. The patients' status was assessed before, 2 weeks and 3 months after injection.There were changes in muscle tone, motor abilities of the hand, in the degree of self-service, the presence of subjective sensations, and the degree of local and systemic reactions. The efficiency of therapy was evaluated clinically (Ashworth scale, Frenchay test, Barthel index) and on the basis of an analysis of video monitoring a patient's status and of the consideration of care-givers' views.Before included in the study, all the patients were treated with different types of botulinum neurotoxin type A made by other manufacturers.Results. The clinical efficiency of local intramuscular injection of the botulinum toxin type Relatox® in combination with kinesiotherapy and electrical stimulation after 14 days and 3 months after injection was noted in all cases.The good tolerability, efficacy, and long-term of action of relatox, which were comparable to those of other botulinum neurotoxin type A products, were noted during a 3-month follow-up. Neither side effects no adverse events were identified.Conclusion. Accumulation of data on the doses and effects of drugs for the local therapy of post-stroke spasticity, which have been obtained by different clinical centers, and the possibility of choosing a medication will be able to improve treatment in such patients

Prevalence and comparative characteristics of pain syndrome in the post-stroke period in patients of different age group

The problem of post-stroke pain remains relevant at present. The epidemiology of pain syndromes is highly variable. According to various authors, pain after a stroke is associated with a young age, female gender, and the severity of a stroke. The data of own observation of 411 stroke patients are presented. Data present on the prevalence and characteristics of pain in various age groups.Проблема постинсультных болей в плечевом суставе сохраняет свою актуальность в настоящее время. Эпидемиология болевых синдромов весьма вариабельна. По данным различных авторов, боль после инсульта ассоциирована с молодым возрастом, женским полом, тяжестью инсульта. Приводятся данные собственного наблюдения 411 пациентов, перенесших инсульт. Представлены данные о распространенности и характеристиках боли в плечевом суставе в различных возрастных группах