Corporatism and Order of Communication Consultants:advantages and weaknesses

Atendendo à natureza pioneira deste artigo, o mesmo assenta na recolha de informação, através de entrevista, junto de consultores de comunicação e relações públicas sobre a importância do associativismo no sector e a criação de uma Ordem profissional que sirva de regulador ao exercício da profissão. O objectivo deste trabalho é evidenciar as vantagens e as fraquezas do associativismo profissional, lançando o repto para uma reflexão crítica e alargada sobre o mesmo, no contexto português

Deaf Education in Brazil:Contexts, Challenges, and Perspectives

Changes in the past two decades have improved the position of the deaf in Brazil: Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) is an officially recognized language, deaf children can go to school, and bilingual education is available to deaf students. However, many deaf children do not attend school, and enrollment rates in high school and higher education are low. Moreover, the language policy views of the Brazilian deaf movement and the Brazilian Ministry of Education do not align. The deaf movement pleads for bilingual deaf schools, whereas the Brazilian government follows an inclusion policy. This chapter presents an overview of the position of the deaf in Brazil and their participation in education, considering national deaf policy and its implications for and impact on deaf education. Teaching practices in bilingual education are discussed, and recommendations and challenges for Brazilian deaf education are considered.<br/

PADRÃO ALIMENTAR, COMORBIDADES E GRAU DE OBESIDADE DE MULHERES EM SEGUIMENTO AMBULATORIAL MULTIPROFISSIONAL

Objetivo: descrever o padrão alimentar de mulheres com excesso de peso e caracterizar o índice de massa corpórea e as comorbidades associadas. Método: estudo descritivo quantitativo realizado em ambulatório de referência em obesidade com 101 mulheres com excesso de peso. Os dados foram avaliados por questionários específicos e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: predominaram mulheres com obesidade grau III (31,7%) e com hipertensão arterial (61,4%). O consumo de alimentos com frequência igual ou superior a cinco dias por semana foi: feijão/leguminosas (45,0%), verduras/legumes/salada cozidos (54,0%) e cru (47,0%), carnes vermelhas (45,5%), frango (35,0%) e peixes (3,0%). A maioria retirava a gordura visível das carnes vermelhas (89,7%) e do frango (85,9%) e adotava a forma cozida, assada ou grelhada como preparo (93,9%). Bebidas açucaradas eram consumidas por 18,0% das entrevistadas. Conclusão: o padrão de consumo alimentar de mulheres com excesso de peso apresentou-se abaixo do recomendado.Descritores: Obesidade. Alimentação. Comportamento alimentar. Comorbidade. Mulheres

Delirium em idosos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca

Delirium: trata-se de uma patologia associada à saúde mental, fatores associados a flutuações de pensamentos ou pensamentos desordenados, desorientação e perturbação, que podem se agravar em pacientes idosos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Objetivo: Apresentar os fatores relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do delirium em idosos internados em unidades de terapia intensiva submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca e a atuação do profissional enfermeiro. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Resultados: categoria 1: cuidado pós-cirúrgico em unidade de terapia intensiva; categoria 2: medicações utilizadas no tratamento do delirium; categoria 3: escala de avaliação do delirium.  Conclusão. Cuidados farmacológicos e não farmacológicos na unidade de terapia intensiva para o tratamento do delirium se fazem necessários, além de aplicar os cuidados de enfermagem com humanização. Amenizar o sofrimento do paciente e familiar

Neuron-Microglia Contact-Dependent Mechanisms Attenuate Methamphetamine-Induced Microglia Reactivity and Enhance Neuronal Plasticity

Exposure to methamphetamine (Meth) has been classically associated with damage to neuronal terminals. However, it is now becoming clear that addiction may also result from the interplay between glial cells and neurons. Recently, we demonstrated that binge Meth administration promotes microgliosis and microglia pro-inflammation via astrocytic glutamate release in a TNF/IP(3)R2-Ca2+-dependent manner. Here, we investigated the contribution of neuronal cells to this process. As the crosstalk between microglia and neurons may occur by contact-dependent and/or contact-independent mechanisms, we developed co-cultures of primary neurons and microglia in microfluidic devices to investigate how their interaction affects Meth-induced microglia activation. Our results show that neurons exposed to Meth do not activate microglia in a cell-autonomous way but require astrocyte mediation. Importantly, we found that neurons can partially prevent Meth-induced microglia activation via astrocytes, which seems to be achieved by increasing arginase 1 expression and strengthening the CD200/CD200r pathway. We also observed an increase in synaptic individual area, as determined by co-localization of pre- and post-synaptic markers. The present study provides evidence that contact-dependent mechanisms between neurons and microglia can attenuate pro-inflammatory events such as Meth-induced microglia activation

Determinants of intensive insulin therapeutic regimens in patients with type 1 diabetes: data from a nationwide multicenter survey in Brazil

Background: To evaluate the determinants of intensive insulin regimens (ITs) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods: This multicenter study was conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. Data were obtained from 3,591 patients (56.0% female, 57.1% Caucasian). Insulin regimens were classified as follows: group 1, conventional therapy (CT) (intermediate human insulin, one to two injections daily); group 2 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate plus regular human insulin); group 3 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate human insulin plus short-acting insulin analogues); group 4, basal-bolus (one or two insulin injections of long-acting plus short-acting insulin analogues or regular insulin); and group 5, basal-bolus with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Groups 2 to 5 were considered IT groups.Results: We obtained complete data from 2,961 patients. Combined intermediate plus regular human insulin was the most used therapeutic regimen. CSII was used by 37 (1.2%) patients and IT by 2,669 (90.2%) patients. More patients on IT performed self-monitoring of blood glucose and were treated at the tertiary care level compared to CT patients (p < 0.001). the majority of patients from all groups had HbA1c levels above the target. Overweight or obesity was not associated with insulin regimen. Logistic regression analysis showed that economic status, age, ethnicity, and level of care were associated with IT (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Given the prevalence of intensive treatment for T1D in Brazil, more effective therapeutic strategies are needed for long term-health benefits.Farmanguinhos/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz/National Health MinistryBrazilian Diabetes SocietyFundacao do Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Unit Diabet, BR-20551030 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBaurus Diabet Assoc, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Hosp Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilHosp Geral de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilFac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Crianca, Hosp Clin, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Hosp Clin, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilAmbulatorio Fac Estadual Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilClin Endocrinol Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Londrina, Londrina, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Crianca Com Diabet Rio Grande Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, RS, BrazilGrp Hosp Conceicao, Inst Crianca Com Diabet, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilInst Diabet Endocrinol Joinville, Joinville, BrazilHosp Reg Taguatinga, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Geral Goiania, Goiania, Go, BrazilCtr Diabet & Endocrinol Estado Bahia, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, BrazilCtr Integrado Diabet & Hipertensao Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, BrazilHosp Univ Alcides Carneiro, Campina Grande, BrazilHosp Univ Joao de Barros Barreto, Belem, Para, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

The replication crisis has led to positive structural, procedural, and community changes

The emergence of large-scale replication projects yielding successful rates substantially lower than expected caused the behavioural, cognitive, and social sciences to experience a so-called ‘replication crisis’. In this Perspective, we reframe this ‘crisis’ through the lens of a credibility revolution, focusing on positive structural, procedural and community-driven changes. Second, we outline a path to expand ongoing advances and improvements. The credibility revolution has been an impetus to several substantive changes which will have a positive, long-term impact on our research environment

The replication crisis has led to positive structural, procedural, and community changes

In response to large-scale replication projects yielding successful replication rates substantially lower than expected, the behavioural, cognitive and social sciences have found themselves amidst a ‘replication crisis’. In this narrative review, we reframe this ’crisis’ through the lens of a credibility revolution, focusing on positive structural, procedural and community-driven changes. Second, we outline a path to expand ongoing advances and improvements. The credibility revolution has been an impetus to several substantive changes which will have a positive, long-term impact upon our research environment