Violencia íntima en la adolescencia: su abordaje desde un enfoque psicoeducativo

En la actualidad nadie duda de que la violencia íntima es un problema social de gran envergadura, y que es necesario destinar más medios para erradicarlo, pero este fenómeno no es excluviso de las relaciones de pareja adultas. En este estudio, realizado con una nuestra de 572 adolescentes, se aprecia como de cara a solventar este problema es necesario fomentar la prevención en edades precoces: la violencia íntima está presente en un número significativo de chicos y chicas, y aunque la frecuencia de estos episodios tiende a ser baja, estos escenarios producen consecuencias muy negativas para el bienestar de estos jóvenes. Este trabajo concluye con una serie de recomendaciones útiles para elaborar programas preventivos con sujetos de estas edades.Eje: Educación secundaria y profesional: ReflexionesRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Molecular analysis of menadione-induced resistance against biotic stress in Arabidopsis

19 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas.Menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB) is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin K3, or menadione, and has been previously demonstrated to function as a plant defence activator against several pathogens in several plant species. However, there are no reports of the role of this vitamin in the induction of resistance in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana. In the current study, we demonstrate that MSB induces resistance by priming in Arabidopsis against the virulent strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto) without inducing necrosis or visible damage. Changes in gene expression in response to 0.2 mm MSB were analysed in Arabidopsis at 3, 6 and 24 h post-treatment using microarray technology. In general, the treatment with MSB does not correlate with other publicly available data, thus MSB produces a unique molecular footprint. We observed 158 differentially regulated genes among all the possible trends. More up-regulated genes are included in categories such as 'response to stress' than the background, and the behaviour of these genes in different treatments confirms their role in response to biotic and abiotic stress. In addition, there is an over-representation of the G-box in their promoters. Some interesting functions are represented among the individual up-regulated genes, such as glutathione S-transferases, transcription factors (including putative regulators of the G-box) and cytochrome P450s. This work provides a wide insight into the molecular cues underlying the effect of MSB as a plant resistance inducer.This work was partially funded by an INVESCAN, S.L. grant (No.OTT2001438) to the CSIC and by a BIO2006-02168 grant of MICINN to PT. The microarrays were funded in part by the “Genome España” Foundation. MER was supported by a research contract (ID-TF-06/002) from the Consejería de Industria, Comercio y Nuevas Tecnologías (Gobierno de Canarias). The authors thank CajaCanarias for their research support. We also thank Lorena Perales for her help in performing the bacterial growth curves, Dr. Héctor Cabrera for his useful advice on writing the manuscript, the English translation service of the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia and Mrs. Pauline Agnew whose endeavoured to edit the English translation of this paper.Peer reviewe

Maximization of Regional probabilities using Optimal Surface Graphs: Application to Carotid Artery Segmentation in MRI

__Purpose__ We present a segmentation method that maximizes regional probabilities enclosed by coupled surfaces using an Optimal Surface Graph (OSG) cut approach. This OSG cut determines the globally optimal solution given a graph constructed around an initial surface. While most methods for vessel wall segmentation only use edge information, we show that maximizing regional probabilities using an OSG improves the segmentation results. We applied this to automatically segment the vessel wall of the carotid artery in magnetic resonance images. __Methods__ First, voxel-wise regional probability maps were obtained using a Support Vector Machine classifier trained on local image features. Then the OSG segments the regions which maximizes the regional probabilities considering smoothness and topological constraints. __Results__ The method was evaluated on 49 carotid arteries from 30 subjects. The proposed method shows good accuracy with a Dice wall overlap of 74:1%+-4:3%, and significantly outperforms a published method based on an OSG using only surface information, the obtained segmentations using voxel-wise classification alone, and another published artery wall segmentation method based on a deformable surface model. Intra-class correlations (ICC) with manually measured lumen and wall volumes were similar to those obtained between observers. Finally, we show a good reproducibility of the method with ICC = 0:86 between the volumes measured in scans repeated within a short time interval. __Conclusions__ In this work a new segmentation method that uses both an OSG and regional probabilities is presented. The method shows good segmentations of the carotid artery in MRI and outperformed another segmentation method that uses OSG and edge information and the voxel-wise segmentation using the probability maps

Desarrollo de un exo-traje para la rehabilitación de miembro superior

La gran existencia de personas con discapacidades congénitas y/o adquiridas forman en la sociedad actual española un número significativo de dependientes. Estos pacientes carecen de la autonomía suficiente para vivir una vida independiente. Las actividades de la vida diaria son, en muchos casos, difíciles de lograr para un paciente con algún tipo de discapacidad leve o moderada. Este gran número de personas con discapacidades físicas en los últimos años y el posterior crecimiento de la demanda de programas de rehabilitación eficaces está disparando el mercado de los exoesqueletos con finalidades médicas en todo el mundo. Estos dispositivos están evolucionando cada día, y las versiones modernas de los exoesqueletos han evolucionado en lo que se denominan exo-trajes (exo-suit), dispositivos vestibles capaces de adaptarse a cualquier usuario, más ligeros y versátiles. Este artículo presenta el prototipo de un exo-traje para la asistencia y rehabilitación de miembro superior. Se describen tanto la arquitectura hardware como software del sistema, presentando además unas pruebas de usabilidad del dispositivo.The high prevalence of individuals with congenital and/or acquired disabilities constitutes a significant number of dependents in today's Spanish society. These patients lack sufficient autonomy to lead an independent life. Daily activities are often d ifficult to accomplish for patients with mild to moderate disabilities. The increasing number of individuals with physical disabilities in recent years and the subsequent rise in demand for effective rehabilitation programs are fueling the market for medical exoskeletons worldwide. These devices are evolving each day, and modern versions of exoskeletons have transformed into what are known as exosuits (exo-suits), wearable devices capable of adapting to any user, lighter and more versatile. This article presents the prototype of an exosuit for the assistance and rehabilitation of the upper limb. Both the hardware and software architecture of the system are described, along with usability tests of the device

Insectos que afectan alimentos concentrados para animales domésticos en Santa Marta D.T.C.H., Colombia

In order to identify insects that damage dry pet food, ten non-specialized stores (food stores and bulks) that distribute these foods in Santa Marta were evaluated. Samples of dry dogs, cats, rabbits and chickens foods, were inspected at the Entomology Laboratory of Universidad del Magdalena. Seven (7) species were found during this study in 90% of the stores, the beetles predominated. The most frequent species were Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne, while most dominant species were T. castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica. Taxonomic key is provided for identifying the species of Coleoptera associated with dry pet food in Santa Marta.Con el fin de identificar insectos que actúen como posibles agentes causales de deterioro de concentrados secos para alimentación de animales domésticos, se realizó una evaluación en diez establecimientos no especializados (tiendas y graneros) que distribuyen estos alimentos a granel en el distrito de Santa Marta. Se tomaron muestras de concentrados para perros, gatos, conejos y pollos, que se inspeccionaron en el Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad del Magdalena. En el 90% de los establecimientos evaluados se registraron siete (7) especies, la mayoría del orden Coleoptera. Las especies más frecuentes fueron Tribolium castaneum y Lasioderma serricorne, mientras las especies más dominantes fueron T. castaneum y Rhyzopertha dominica. Por otro lado, se proporciona una clave taxonómica para la identificación de las especies de Coleoptera asociadas a concentrados para alimentación animal en el distrito

Anfibios y reptiles de la región centro-sur del departamento de Caldas, Colombia

Based on specimens housed in a scientific collection, besides literature and field observations, we present an updated list of the herpetofauna of the south-central region of Caldas, Colombia. The composition of anurans, lizards and snakes was compared with other Colombian assemblages. In addition, all species were categorized according to the extent of its distribution range. A total of 36 amphibians (35 anurans and one salamander) and 38 reptiles (15 lizards, 22 snakes and one turtle) are currently known for the south-central region of Caldas. Comparisons of the amphibians and reptiles assemblages showed low and moderate values (Coefficient of biogeographic resemblance, range = 0,018–0,440; X̅ = 0,152), indicating that about frogs, lizards, snakes, and overall herpetofauna, the south-central region of Caldas is more akin to the Yotoco Forestal Reserve (0.326, 0.421, 0.585, 0.440, respectively). Regarding geographical distribution patterns, six species (8.1%) are endemic to the Northern region of the Cordillera Central, 40 species (54%) correspond to elements of an Andean-tropical fauna, 14 species (18.9%) are distributed from Central America to the Andes, and eight species (10.8%) have a wide distribution throughout the continent.Se presenta un listado actualizado sobre la herpetofauna de la región comprendida entre el centro y el sur del departamento de Caldas, con base en especímenes de colección, literatura especializada y observaciones en campo. La composición de anuros, lagartos y serpientes, se analiza y compara con otras regiones de Colombia. Todas las especies registradas fueron categorizadas según el patrón de su distribución geogrí¡fica en función de su amplitud. Un total de 36 anfibios (35 anuros y una salamandra) y 38 reptiles (15 lagartos, 22 serpientes y una tortuga), son conocidos actualmente para la región centro-sur de Caldas. Las comparaciones de los ensamblajes de anfibios y reptiles conjuntamente mostraron valores bajos y moderados (coeficiente de semejanza biogeográfica, intervalo = 0,018–0,440; X̅ = 0,152), indicando que en cuanto a anuros (0,326), lagartos (0,421), serpientes (0,585), y la herpetofauna en general (0,440), la región analizada es más afín al bosque de la Reserva Forestal Yotoco. Seis especies (8,1%) son endémicas del norte de la Cordillera Central, 40 especies (54%) corresponden a elementos propios de la fauna andina-tropical, 14 especies (18,9%) están distribuidas desde Centroamérica hasta los Andes, y ocho especies (10,8%) presentan una amplia distribución en todo el continente

Precarious employment and health: A qualitative study in Venezuelan immigrant population in Colombia

Background: Employment and working conditions are considered as an element that impacts on health inequalities, especially among vulnerable groups such as the immigrant population. This study aims to describe the characteristics of precarious employment in the Venezuelan immigrant population in Medellín (Colombia) according to its theoretical model and its relationship with the perception of their physical, mental, and psychosocial health. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with a focused ethnography perspective. 31 people with Venezuelan origin and work experience were interviewed in the city of Medellin and its metropolitan area and 12 key informants from different formal and informal social organizations that work with the immigrant population. A narrative content analysis was carried manually and by using the Atlas.Ti 8.0 software. The principles of analytical induction were applied to carry out a thematic analysis of the main categories defined in the precarious employment framework. Results: The following characteristics of precarious employment were found: instability in employment conditions, work in the informal or submerged economy, limited empowerment, absence of social benefits, high vulnerability, low income, and a limited capacity for exercising labor rights. This situation affects mental health conditions, access to health services, and the presence of risks due to the work they perform. Conclusions: The Venezuelan working population in Medellín is found in a precarious employment situation. Inclusive social strategies and policies that take into account the reality of this population are required

La formación del profesorado universitario: mejora de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje del alumnado con discapacidad

Las universidades españolas apuestan por la mejora de la enseñanza y aprendizaje del alumnado con diversidad funcional. La muestra de investigación fue de 44 estudiantes universitarios y 16 docentes de diversas categorías profesionales. El objetivo que se nos planteaba era investigar las demandas educativas de los estudiantes con discapacidad y conocer la formación del profesorado en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, los estudiantes consideran que la universidad dispone de un servicio de apoyo al estudiante adecuado. Sin embargo, el 90% piensan que existen graves problemas de accesibilidad al campus y a las aulas. Hay una similitud entre las percepciones estudiantes-profesores revelando una falta de capacitación del docente para la puesta en práctica de nuevas estrategias metodológicas didácticas.Spanish universities are committed to improving the teaching and learning of students with disabilities. The research sample was 44 college students and 16 teachers from different professional categories. The goal that we posed was to investigate the educational demands of students with disabilities and meet the training of teachers in the teaching and learning process. From the results obtained, students consider that the university has a student support service adequate. However, 90% think that there are serious problems of accessibility to campus and classrooms. There is a similarity between the student-teacher perceptions revealing a lack of training of teachers for the implementation of new teaching methodological strategies