A persistência dos sistemas tradicionais de propriedade fundiária em Damão e Baçaim (século XVI)

The interest of studying the strategies for the rule over territory and population in Daman and Bassein arises not only in the field of political and institutional history but also in how the Portuguese State of India evolved. This study intends to examine the creation of prazos (emphyteutic land grants) in the so-called Northern Province and its relationship with the Hindu agrarian structure and the local institutions, between 1535 and 1573.O interesse do estudo das estruturas de enquadramento e de administração do território e da população em Damão e Baçaim, faz-se sentir, não apenas no campo da história política e institucional, mas também, na forma como foi evoluindo o Estado Português da Índia. O presente texto pretende analisar a criação dos prazos da chamada Província do Norte e a evolução da estrutura agrária hindu e das instituições locais, entre 1535 e 1573

A vida social das Colchas e outros bens indo-portugueses: seus usos e valor para lá do comércio (séculos XVI-XVIII)

The aesthetic value of textiles, ceramics and furniture from Asia became a popular study subject in specific historiographical circles, especially in essays and monographic studies developed by art history specialists, often included in exhibition catalogues and other journals related to museum collections, artistic heritage, or restoration and conservation of private collections. However, despite the growing interest they arouse in certain historiographical circles, Asian objects are still seldom analyzed in their exact historical and social framework, i.e., as pieces with a functional use and a patrimonial value, as well as social and economic assets to display and preserve the individual memory and the memory of old and current Portuguese households. The prospect that will be highlighted in this article is the idea of an “India through the gates”, which includes the material infrastructures of both the daily life and the accumulation of assets inside 17th and 18th century households, particularly considering the Indian Colchas. Given the chronic shortage of textiles in the country, this prospect may represent the most intensive and wide ranged trading activity with the main textile export centers from central Europe to Portugal, in the 15th century, as a natural step in the pursue of Asian textiles. From a formal and plastic point of view, these textiles provided more sophisticated aesthetic solutions, especially after the arrival of the Portuguese in India and the strengthening of a transcultural and transcontinental network with multiple economic and cultural connections, throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.O valor estético dos têxteis, das cerâmicas e do mobiliário de origem asiática tem sido tema de estudo privilegiado em círculos historiográficos específicos, nomeadamente em ensaios e estudos monográficos elaborados por especialistas de história da arte, frequentemente incluídos em catálogos de exposições e em outras publicações periódicas relacionadas com os acervos museológicos, com o património artístico, ou com o restauro e a conservação de colecções próprias. No entanto, apesar do crescente interesse que suscitam em determinados ambientes historiográficos, os objectos asiáticos continuam sendo pouco analisados no seu exacto contexto histórico e social, ou seja, enquanto peças de uso funcional e valor patrimonial, e também enquanto bens de aparato social e de preservação da memória individual e das antigas e actuais casas de família portuguesas. É precisamente a perspectiva da “Índia portas a dentro” - a que encerra as infra-estruturas materiais da vida quotidiana e do acúmulo patrimonial dos interiores de residências seiscentistas e setecentistas, com especial destaque para as colchas indianas - que importa realçar neste artigo. Uma perspectiva que, tendo em conta a carência crónica de têxteis no país, entenda o intercâmbio mais intenso e amplo com os principais centros de exportação têxtil da Europa média para Portugal, no século 15, como um passo natural na procura de têxteis asiáticos que do ponto de vista formal e plástico ofereciam soluções estéticas mais sofisticadas, sobretudo após a chegada dos portugueses à Índia e o reforço de uma rede transcultural e intercontinental de múltiplas conexões económicas e culturais ao longo dos séculos 17 e 18

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Formas de Resistência Africanas às Autoridades Portuguesas no Século XVIII: A guerra de Murimuno e a tecelagem de machira no norte de Moçambique

The purpose of this paper is to discuss different forms of African resistance both against the Portuguese colonial presence and the external commercial pressure in Mozambique, in the eighteenth century. In the first case, it studies the violent attacks on the expeditionary Portuguese troops perpetrated by a number of belligerent Makua chieftains, in 1753. In contrast, the second case is mainly of economic and cultural nature and deals with the growing cultivation of cotton and the production of native cloths (machiras) as a way of preserving customs and identity thus facing the imposition of consumption and use of Indian textiles

A vida social das Colchas e outros bens indo-portugueses: seus usos e valor para lá do comércio (séculos XVI-XVIII)

RESUMO O valor estético dos têxteis, das cerâmicas e do mobiliário de origem asiática tem sido tema de estudo privilegiado em círculos historiográficos específicos, nomeadamente em ensaios e estudos monográficos elaborados por especialistas de história da arte, frequentemente incluídos em catálogos de exposições e em outras publicações periódicas relacionadas com os acervos museológicos, com o património artístico, ou com o restauro e a conservação de colecções próprias. No entanto, apesar do crescente interesse que suscitam em determinados ambientes historiográficos, os objectos asiáticos continuam sendo pouco analisados no seu exacto contexto histórico e social, ou seja, enquanto peças de uso funcional e valor patrimonial, e também enquanto bens de aparato social e de preservação da memória individual e das antigas e actuais casas de família portuguesas. É precisamente a perspectiva da “Índia portas a dentro” - a que encerra as infra-estruturas materiais da vida quotidiana e do acúmulo patrimonial dos interiores de residências seiscentistas e setecentistas, com especial destaque para as colchas indianas - que importa realçar neste artigo. Uma perspectiva que, tendo em conta a carência crónica de têxteis no país, entenda o intercâmbio mais intenso e amplo com os principais centros de exportação têxtil da Europa média para Portugal, no século 15, como um passo natural na procura de têxteis asiáticos que do ponto de vista formal e plástico ofereciam soluções estéticas mais sofisticadas, sobretudo após a chegada dos portugueses à Índia e o reforço de uma rede transcultural e intercontinental de múltiplas conexões económicas e culturais ao longo dos séculos 17 e 18