Análisis del comportamiento de los suelos blandos aplicando la técnica de inclusiones rígidas por los métodos numérico y analítico

Los suelos blandos originan diversos problemas en el momento de las construcciones, como en las cimentaciones de distintas edificaciones u otras obras civiles. Estos tipos de suelos necesariamente tienen que ser analizados y tratados correctamente, pues, estos originan problemas a corto y largo plazo. En las décadas posteriores se han desarrollado métodos para mejorar el terreno, uno de estos métodos consiste en la construcción, sobre el suelo blando, de elementos verticales rígidos que se llaman inclusiones rígidas. Cuyo principal meta, es la mejora sobre el suelo blando, bajo bases o cimentaciones de estructuras y malos rellenos, permitiendo el desarrollo de las edificaciones con mayor velocidad y disminuyendo los asentamientos de forma sustancial. Al aplicarse esta técnica sobre el terreno blando, se disminuye el asentamiento vertical, ya que al colocarse una capa de reparto que distribuye toda la carga de la estructura se transfiere todo el peso a las inclusiones, minimizando la carga sobre el terreno blando y por consecuente el asentamiento. Como parte de esta tesis presentaremos dos métodos para estudiar el asentamiento de edificaciones que descansan sobre un suelo blando mejorado con la técnica de inclusiones rígidas. El desarrollo de la solución es completamente analítico, pero los análisis de elementos finitos se utilizan para verificar la validez de algunas suposiciones, como un modelo geométrico simplificado, la distribución de la carga con la profundidad y las condiciones de contorno. El perfil del suelo se divide en secciones horizontales independientes, y el equilibrio de las tensiones y la compatibilidad de las deformaciones se presentan en las direcciones vertical y horizontal. La solución se presenta desarrollando un análisis numérico (Plaxis) comparándolo con el método analítico (Combarte) y se puede implementar fácilmente en una hoja de cálculo.The soft soils cause various problems at the time of construction, as in the foundations of different buildings or other civil works. These types of soils necessarily have to be analyzed and treated correctly, as these cause short and long term problems. In the last decades methods have been developed for the improvement of the land, one of these methods consists of the introduction or construction in the soft soil of rigid vertical elements that are called inclusions. Its main application is in soils under large landfills or foundations of structures, allowing the construction of buildings with greater speed and decreasing settlements considerably. By applying this technique on the soft ground, vertical settlement is reduced, since by placing a distribution layer that distributes the entire load of the structure, all the weight is transferred to the inclusions, minimizing the load on the soft ground and consequently settlement. As part of this thesis we will present two methods to study the settlement of buildings that rest on a soft soil improved with the technique of rigid inclusions. The development of the solution is completely analytical, but the finite element analyzes are used to verify the validity of some assumptions, such as a simplified geometric model, the distribution of the load with the depth and the boundary conditions. The floor profile is divided into independent horizontal sections, and the balance of the stresses and the compatibility of the deformations are presented in the vertical and horizontal directions. The solution is presented by developing a numerical analysis (Plaxis) comparing it with the analytical method (Combarieu) and can be easily implemented in a spreadsheet.Tesi

The IL1B-511 Polymorphism (rs16944 AA Genotype) Is Increased in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease in Mexican Population

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by chronic hyperplastic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. The mechanisms which produce these manifestations of intolerance are not fully defined, current research focuses on cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) inhibition, metabolism of arachidonic acid, and the COX pathway to the lipoxygenase (LO) route, inducing increased synthesis of leukotrienes (LT). The biological plausibility of this model has led to the search for polymorphisms in genes responsible for proinflammatory cytokines synthesis, such as IL1B and IL8. We performed a genetic association study between IL8-251 (rs4073) and IL1B-511 (rs16944) polymorphisms in AERD, aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA), and healthy control subjects. Using allelic discrimination by real-time PCR, we found statistically nonsignificant associations between AERD, ATA, and healthy control subjects for the GG and GA genotypes of IL1B (rs16944). Interestingly, the AA genotype showed an increased frequency in the AERD patients versus the ATA group (GF = 0.19 versus 0.07, p = 0.018, OR 2.98, and 95% CI 1.17–7.82). This is the first observation that IL1B polymorphisms are involved in AERD. Thus, future studies must investigate whether interleukin-1β is released in the airways of AERD patients and whether it relates to genetic polymorphisms in the IL1B gene

Inhibitory Effect of Azamacrocyclic Ligands on Polyphenol Oxidase in Model and Food Systems

This document is the unedited Author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02407[EN] Enzymatic browning is one of the main problems faced by the food industry due to the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) provoking an undesirable color change in the presence of oxygen. Here, we report the evaluation of 10 different azamacrocyclic compounds with diverse morphologies as potential inhibitors against the activity of PPO, both in model and real systems. An initial screening of 10 ligands shows that all azamacrocyclic compounds inhibit to some extent the enzymatic browning, but the molecular structure plays a crucial role on the power of inhibition. Kinetic studies of the most active ligand (L2) reveal a S-parabolic I-parabolic noncompetitive inhibition mechanism and a remarkable inhibition at micromolar concentration (IC50 = 10 mu M). Furthermore, L2 action has been proven on apple juice to significantly reduce the enzymatic browning.Financial support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (project RTI2018-100910-B-C44), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (projects CTQ2016-78499-C6-1-R, Unidad de Excelencia MDM 2015-0038 and CTQ2017-90852-REDC), and Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETEOII2015-002) is gratefully acknowledged.Muñoz-Pina, S.; Ros-Lis, JV.; Delgado-Pinar, E.; Martínez-Camarena, Á.; Verdejo, B.; García-España, E.; Argüelles Foix, AL.... (2020). Inhibitory Effect of Azamacrocyclic Ligands on Polyphenol Oxidase in Model and Food Systems. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 68(30):7964-7973. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02407796479736830Simpson, B. K. (Ed.). (2012). 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IFNAR2 relevance in the clinical outcome of individuals with severe COVID-19

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of cytokines with antiviral, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and immunomodulatory activities. Type I IFNs amplify and propagate the antiviral response by interacting with their receptors, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. In COVID-19, the IFNAR2 (interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2) gene has been associated with the severity of the disease, but the soluble receptor (sIFNAR2) levels have not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the association of IFNAR2 variants (rs2236757, rs1051393, rs3153, rs2834158, and rs2229207) with COVID-19 mortality and to assess if there was a relation between the genetic variants and/or the clinical outcome, with the levels of sIFNAR2 in plasma samples from hospitalized individuals with severe COVID-19. We included 1,202 subjects with severe COVID-19. The genetic variants were determined by employing Taqman® assays. The levels of sIFNAR2 were determined with ELISA in plasma samples from a subgroup of 351 individuals. The rs2236757, rs3153, rs1051393, and rs2834158 variants were associated with mortality risk among patients with severe COVID-19. Higher levels of sIFNAR2 were observed in survivors of COVID-19 compared to the group of non-survivors, which was not related to the studied IFNAR2 genetic variants. IFNAR2, both gene, and soluble protein, are relevant in the clinical outcome of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries