719 research outputs found
Aspirin but not ibuprofen use is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer: A PLCO Study
2D versus 3D visualization: Impact on laparoscopic proficiency using the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery skill set
Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer
This Review was sponsored and funded by the International Society of Cancer Prevention (ISCaP), the European Association of Urology (EAU), the National Cancer Institute, USA (NCI) (grant number 1R13CA171707-01), Prostate Cancer UK, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) (grant number C569/A16477), and the Association for International Cancer Research (AICR
Aspirin but not ibuprofen use is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer: A PLCO Study
Background:
Although most epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk, the magnitude and specificity of this association remain unclear. Methods:
We examined self-reported aspirin and ibuprofen use in relation to prostate cancer risk among 29 450 men ages 55–74 who were initially screened for prostate cancer from 1993 to 2001 in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Men were followed from their first screening exam until 31 December 2009, during which 3575 cases of prostate cancer were identified. Results:
After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratios (HRs) of prostate cancer associated with \u3c1 and 1 pill of aspirin daily were 0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90–1.07) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85–0.99), respectively, compared with never use (P for trend 0.04). The effect of taking at least one aspirin daily was more pronounced when restricting the analyses to men older than age 65 or men who had a history of cardiovascular-related diseases or arthritis (HR (95% CI); 0.87 (0.78–0.97), 0.89 (0.80–0.99), and 0.88 (0.78–1.00), respectively). The data did not support an association between ibuprofen use and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion:
Daily aspirin use, but not ibuprofen use, was associated with lower risk of prostate cancer risk
Electronic nutritional intake assessment in patients with urolithiasis: A decision impact analysis
Purpose: To evaluate a physician’s impression of a urinary stone patient’s dietary intake and whether it was dependent on the
medium through which the nutritional data were obtained. Furthermore, we sought to determine if using an electronic food frequency
questionnaire (FFQ) impacted dietary recommendations for these patients.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-six patients attended the Stone Clinic over a period of 6 weeks. Seventy-five gave consent for
enrollment in our study. Patients completed an office-based interview with a fellowship-trained endourologist, and a FFQ administered
on an iPad. The FFQ assessed intake of various dietary components related to stone development, such as oxalate and calcium.
The urologists were blinded to the identity of patients’ FFQ results. Based on the office-based interview and the FFQ results,
the urologists provided separate assessments of the impact of nutrition and hydration on the patient’s stone disease (nutrition impact
score and hydration impact score, respectively) and treatment recommendations. Multivariate logistic regressions were used
to compare pre-FFQ data to post-FFQ data.
Results: Higher FFQ scores for sodium (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; p=0.02) and fluids (OR, 1.03, p=0.04) were associated with a higher
nutritional impact score. None of the FFQ parameters impacted hydration impact score. A higher FFQ score for oxalate (OR, 1.07;
p=0.02) was associated with the addition of at least one treatment recommendation.
Conclusions: Information derived from a FFQ can yield a significant impact on a physician’s assessment of stone risks and decision
for management of stone disease
Racial differences in prostate inflammation: Results from the REDUCE study
Prostate cancer (PC) risk differs between races, and we previously showed prostate inflammation in benign prostate tissue was linked with a lower future PC risk. However, whether prostate tissue inflammation varies by race is unknown. We analyzed baseline acute and chronic prostate inflammation by race in REDUCE, a 4-year, multicenter, placebo-controlled study where all men had a negative prostate biopsy prior to enrollment. We included 7,982 men with standardized central pathology review to determine the presence or absence of chronic or acute inflammation in baseline prostate biopsy tissue. Logistic regression was used to compare prostate inflammation by race, adjusting for confounders. Of 7,982 men, 7,271 were white (91.1%), 180 (2.3%) black, 131 (1.6%) Asian, 319 (4.0%) Hispanic and 81 (1%) unknown. A total of 78% had chronic and 15% had acute inflammation. On multivariable analysis relative to white men, black men were less likely (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.41-1.03
Final Results of a Phase I/II Multicenter Trial of WST11 Vascular Targeted Photodynamic Therapy for Hemi-Ablation of the Prostate in Men with Unilateral Low Risk Prostate Cancer Performed in the United States
PURPOSE:
Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy with WST11 (TOOKAD® Soluble) is a form of tissue ablation that may be used therapeutically for localized prostate cancer. To study dosing parameters and associated treatment effects we performed a prospective, multicenter, phase I/II trial of WST11 vascular targeted photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 men with unilateral, low volume, Gleason 3 + 3 prostate cancer were enrolled at 5 centers after local institutional review board approval. Light energy, fiber number and WST11 dose were escalated to identify optimal dosing parameters for vascular targeted photodynamic therapy hemi-ablation. Men were treated with photodynamic therapy and evaluated by posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. Prostate specific antigen, light dose index (defined as fiber length/desired treatment volume), toxicity and quality of life parameters were recorded.
RESULTS:
After dose escalation 21 men received optimized dosing of 4 mg/kg WST11 at 200 J energy. On posttreatment biopsy residual prostate cancer was found in the treated lobe in 10 men, the untreated lobe in 4 and both lobes in 1. At a light dose index of 1 or greater with optimal dosing in 15 men 73.3% had a negative biopsy in the treated lobe. Six men undergoing retreatment with the optimal dose and a light dose index of 1 or greater had a negative posttreatment biopsy. Minimal effects were observed on urinary and sexual function, and overall quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS:
Hemi-ablation of the prostate with WST11 vascular targeted photodynamic therapy was well tolerated and resulted in a negative biopsy in the treated lobe in the majority of men. Dosing parameters and the light dose index appear related to tissue response as determined by magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. These parameters may serve as the basis for further prospective studies
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