Evaluating constructive and typological retrofits in solid masonery historic buildings

Evaluating constructive and typological retrofits in solid masonry historic buildings S. Alves & J. J. Sendra Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain Abstract The historic centre of Oporto, Unesco’s World Heritage, should not be acknowledged merely as a set of harmonic façades to preserve. National cultural heritage preservation policies tend to interpret it that way, by allowing alterations on its building’s interior. On the other hand, energy commitments assumed, lean towards a propensity to encompass these masonry buildings on this challenge. Although energy regulations allow the exclusion of these buildings, some common retrofit strategies are often proposed. The enhancement of the buildings envelope by adding thermal insulation materials on the interior, or the substitution of single glazed window for a double glazed one are clearly efficient on reducing the envelope’s U-value. However, given the specificity of these buildings morphology and its constructive system, there is both an architectural and energetic heritage to preserve. This paper aims to establish this sustainable inherent value, by exploring the potential of a non-intrusive retrofit and its influence on the most expressive energy demand in Oporto – the heating loads. Three models of typological retrofits were defined, using as a criterion the most usual ownership of these buildings. Two retrofit strategies were simulated within these models, according to national regulation’s methodology: the enhancement of ventilation and the substitution of the single glazed windows for double glazed ones. Analysis of data obtained evidenced the energetic potential of these buildings on its genesis. The enhancement of ventilation showed to be a most expressive measure in order to reduce operating energy for heating

A azulejaria portuguesa como fonte de inspiração no design de acessórios de indumentária

Os acessórios de moda, também designados como complementos de indumentária de moda, assumem actualmente um papel muito importante na indústria de moda. O trabalho do designer de acessórios, como o de qualquer designer, passa pela escolha e aplicação de uma metodologia adequada ao desenvolvimento de produto. A exploração e análise dos cadernos de tendências assumem, por este motivo, uma grande importância no processo de criação e desenvolvimento de colecções. A escolha do conceito poético da colecção é o elemento verdadeiramente diferenciador, é este que cria um elo de ligação entre as peças da colecção, seduzindo o consumidor. Cabe ao designer transformar o tema de inspiração ou conceito poético numa proposta de moda. Apresenta-se neste artigo um trabalho desenvolvido ao nível da unidade curricular de Design de Acessórios, de desenvolvimento de uma mini-colecção de acessórios de moda que tem como tema de inspiração o azulejo Português, que é um dos maiores patrimónios culturais do nosso país.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

O PIBID e o estágio supervisionado na formação do professor de física: uma análise a partir dos saberes docentes

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados parciais de uma investigação sobre as impressões dos bolsistas do Pibid/UEL-Física, sobre o Pibid e o estágio supervisionado. Os bolsistas foram questionados sobre o que aprenderam nas atividades do Pibid e no estágio. A partir da análise, feita com base nos saberes docentes de Tardif, constatamos que ao falarem sobre o Pibid os saberes experienciais aparecem com muita ênfase. Ao falarem sobre o estágio, os saberes da formação profissional são muito citados e comentados. Percebemos que tanto os saberes curriculares quanto os saberes disciplinares não foram citados em nenhum dos dois contextos. Tal fato será investigado no andamento da pesquisa. Em suma, o Pibid e o estágio têm características e objetivos semelhantes, porém os saberes docentes que são mobilizados e compartilhados em cada um dos contextos são distintos, mas ao mesmo tempo complementares para uma sólida formação inicial do futuro professo

Urban regeneration and the environment: the insertion of environmental issues on proposals for traditional downtown areas

O crescimento espraiado e periférico das cidades nos países dependentes, tal qual o Brasil, tem reproduzido um movimento de segregação socioespacial das classes de baixos rendimentos, as quais são relegadas a condições ambientais insalubres. Nos países centrais do capitalismo, sob formas distintas, se observa também desde os anos 1960 discussões com respeito à expansão urbana para áreas cada vez maiores, seja por fenômenos como o urban sprawl anglo-saxão, ou a urbanização difusa, dos países da Europa latina. Diante desse quadro, com a publicação do Livro Verde sobre o Ambiente Urbano, documento elaborado em 1990 pela Comissão das Comunidades Européias para fornecer subsídios à elaboração das políticas urbano-ambientais, tem se propagado a ideia de que a promoção de “cidades compactas” seria uma solução adequada para reverter o atual estágio de expansão urbana para novas áreas, aumentando as densidades demográficas em áreas infraestruturadas, sobretudo por meio da reabilitação de edificações e terrenos ociosos localizados nos centros tradicionais, os quais tem passado por processos de abandono, perda de população e deterioração física do patrimônio edificado. Tendo isso em vista, na presente comunicação temos por objetivo analisar como a temática ambiental tem se inserido no contexto das discussões sobre a requalificação de centros antigos com foco na promoção de habitações para as classes populares. Para tal realizamos revisão da literatura sobre o tema proposto bem como procuramos identificar os princípios que tem regido tais políticas com relação ao tema ambiental. A relevância do tema encontra-se na necessidade de buscar caminhos alternativos a política habitacional e urbana brasileira, a qual tem reproduzido um modelo predatório de reprodução do espaço urbano.El crecimiento y expansión periférica de las ciudades en los países dependientes, como Brasil, han jugado una segregación socio-espacial de las clases de bajos ingresos, que son relegados a condiciones ambientales insalubres. En los países centrales del capitalismo, bajo diversas formas, también se observó desde la década de 1960 las discusiones con respecto a las zonas de expansión urbana cada vez mayor, ya sea por fenómenos como la “urban sprawl” anglosajona, o la urbanización difusa de los países europeos. Ante esta situación, con la publicación del Libro Verde sobre el Medio Ambiente Urbano, elaborado en 1990 por la Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas para proporcionar información a la preparación de las políticas urbano-ambientales, se ha propagado la idea de que la promoción de la "ciudad compacta" sería una solución adecuada para revertir la actual etapa de la expansión urbana hacia nuevas áreas, aumentando la densidad de población en las zonas infraestructuradas, especialmente a través de la rehabilitación de edificios y tierras ociosas ubicadas en los centros tradicionales, que han experimentado el abandono, la pérdida de población y el deterioro físico del patrimonio construido. Teniendo esto en cuenta, en la presente Comunicación pretendemos analizar cómo los problemas del medio ambiente se ha colocado en el contexto de los debates sobre la remodelación de los centros antiguos que se centran en la promoción de viviendas para las clases obreras. Para esto realizamos una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema y tratamos de identificar los principios que han regido las políticas relativas a la temática ambiental. La relevancia de esta cuestión es la necesidad de buscar formas alternativas de la vivienda de Brasil y de su política urbana, que ha desempeñado un modelo depredador de la reproducción del espacio urbano.The sprawling and peripheral growth of cities on dependent countries, like Brazil, have played one socio-spatial segregation movement of the low-income classes, which are relegated to unhealthy environmental conditions. In the central countries of capitalism, under various forms, it is also observed since the 1960s discussions about the increasing of urban expansion areas, either by phenomena such as anglo-saxan urban sprawl, or diffuse urbanization, in latin Europa countries. Given this situation, with the publication of the Green Paper on the Urban Environment, drawn up in 1990 by the Commission of the European Communities to provide input to the preparation of urban-environmental policies, it has propagated the idea that the promotion of "compact cities" would be an appropriate solution to reverse the current stage of urban expansion into new areas, increasing population densities in infrastructured areas, especially through the rehabilitation of buildings and idle lands located in traditional centers, which has experienced abandonment, the population loss and physical deterioration of the built heritage. Keeping this in view, this Communication intends to analyze how environmental issues has been placed in the context of discussions on the redevelopment of historic centers focusing on promotion of housing for the working classes. We intend to perform such a review of the literature on the theme and try to identify the principles that have governed these policies regarding the environmental theme. The relevance of this issue is the need to seek alternative ways to the Brazilian housing and urban policy, which has played a predatory model of reproduction of urban space

Presence and significance of Helicobacter spp. in the gastric mucosa of Portuguese dogs

Background: Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH) are also able to cause disease in humans. Dogs are a natural reservoir for many of these species. Close and intense human contact with animals has been identified as a risk factor and therefore, an important zoonotic significance has been attributed to NHPH. Methods: To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter species and the gastric histopathological changes associated, gastric mucosa samples of 69 dogs were evaluated. Results: Only one dog presented a normal histopathological mucosa with absence of spiral-shaped organisms. A normal gastric mucosa and the presence of spiral-shaped bacteria was observed in two dogs. All remaining animals presented histopathological changes representative of gastritis. Helicobacter species were detected in 60 dogs (87.0%) by at least one detection method. Histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations revealed that Helicobacter spp. were present in 45 (65.2%), 52 (75.4%) and 57 (82.6%) dogs, respectively. Spiral-shaped bacteria were detected by qPCR analysis in 33 (47.8%) dogs. H. heilmannii-like organisms were identified in 22 animals (66.7%) and predominantly in the antral gastric region. H. salomonis was the second most prevalent species (51.5%) although it was mainly found in association with other Helicobacter spp. and in the body gastric region. H. bizzozeronii and H. felis were less frequently detected. Conclusions: It was concluded that, despite the high incidence and worldwide distribution of gastric NHPH in dogs, the presence of specific Helicobacter species may vary between geographic regions. NHPH infections were significantly accompanied by mild to moderate intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration and mild to moderate gastric epithelial injury, but a clear relationship between gastritis and Helicobacter infection could not be established

Floral induction in Brachypodium distachyon

Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. is a recently fully-sequenced monocot plant, very closely related to wheat and barley, and an attractive model system to study the biology of temperate cereals. The present work investigates the “mechanisms” of flowering time in Brachypodium (community standard line Bd21) by analyzing a group of core genes, mostly transcription factors, generally known to be functionally involved in the determination of the shoot apical meristem’s reproductive fate. Its major aims were the identification of the related Bd21 homologues, and the examination of their functional conservation within the photoperiod inductive pathway, in order to determine the basic framework for flowering transition in temperate grasses. The experimental procedures included quantitative real time PCR, whole transcriptome microarray hybridization, constitutive gene expression, gene silencing via artificial microRNA expression, transcript immuno localization, protein immuno-detection, and reporter studies. From these experiments, it was determined that while some genes remain functionally conserved among different plant systems, other signal integrators, thought to play an essential role as meristem identity genes, are not. From the characterization of the transitioning shoot apical meristem’s transcriptome, it was possible to identify the network of biological processes and the underlying genetic mediators that, in Bd21, coordinate this highly complex developmental switch. Overall, the experimental work that is presented examines some of the rudiments of the floral induction in Brachypodium distachyon and, hopefully, will constitute a modest, yet relevant, contribution to the plant research community, on the reproductive development of temperate monocots

A filosofia penal de Thomas Hobbes

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever oselementos essenciais da filosofia penal de ThomasHobbes, as suas implicações políticas e no plano dateoria do direito, destacando a sua originalidade e oseu carácter precursor

POVOS INDÍGENAS E O DIREITO À SAÚDE: ACESSO, INSEGURANÇA E CENÁRIO POLÍTICO BRASILEIRO

Editoria

“O celular acabou a bateria”: uma análise descritiva e formal para o tópico sujeito

This paper examines the syntax of subject topic constructions in Brazilian Portuguese, such as “o celular acabou a bateria”, in order to present: (i) the description of subject topic constructions involving a DP [+ possessor] in the subject position; (ii) a theoretical analysis, considering the assumptions of the Generative Theory in its Minimalist version (Chomsky, 1995, 1998, 2001). The dataset consists of (1) spontaneous speech, collected in Rio de Janeiro between 2012 and 2014; (2) sentences from online searches using Google’s advanced search system. We propose that the subject topic is a kind of construction in which there is external possession and, therefore, the movement of the DP [+ possessor] to the subject position is triggered by syntactic requirements, such as, the necessity of checking of the Case by the DP in order to make visible in the logical form, its thematic role of [+ possessor].Este trabalho examina a sintaxe das construções de tópico sujeito no PB, tais como “o celular acabou a bateria”, com o objetivo de apresentar (i) a descrição das construções de tópico sujeito que envolvem um DP [+possuidor] na posição de sujeito; e (ii) uma proposta de análise teórica, considerando os pressupostos da Teoria Gerativa em sua versão Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995, 1998, 2001). Os dados analisados advêm de uma amostra constituída por (1) fala espontânea, recolhida no Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 2012 e 2014; (2) sentenças coletadas em buscas on-line, por meio do sistema de pesquisa avançada do Google. A análise aqui proposta é a de que este tipo de tópico sujeito, uma construção em que há posse externa e, por isso, o movimento do DP [+possuidor] para a posição de sujeito é desencadeado por requisitos sintáticos, especificamente, a necessidade de checagem do Caso pelo DP a fim de tornar visível, para a forma lógica, o papel temático de [+possuidor]

Effects of Teachers and School Factors on the Social Validity of Social Emotional Learning Interventions

School-based social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions have the potential to promote healthy development among children, including social and emotion regulation and academic achievement. Higher levels of implementation quality are associated with greater student outcomes compelling research to identify factors that contribute to successful implementation. Social validity refers to the social significance of an intervention and is thought to improve the uptake of interventions. The ecological model of teacher implementation proposes that individual and contextual factors influence social validity. The present study used a mixed-method design to examine how teacher and school factors were associated with the social validity of SEL interventions. Participants included 112 PK-5 teachers who completed an online survey about their perceptions of social validity of SEL interventions, their demographics, SEL beliefs, self-efficacy, stress level, multicultural competence (MCC), school climate, school location, and proportions of students and teachers of color. Participants responded to four open-ended questions regarding their perceptions of SEL interventions. Structural equation modeling was used to test model fit and estimate relationships between variables. Teacher SEL Competence (indicated by SEL beliefs, self-efficacy, and MCC), School Diversity (indicated by location, proportions of students and teachers of color), stress level, race/ethnicity, and school climate were examined in their association with the social validity (i.e., acceptability, willingness, perceived effectiveness, and disruption) of SEL interventions. Thematic analysis was used to extract common themes from qualitative data and expand the understanding of teachers’ perceptions about SEL interventions. Quantitative and qualitative results showed that teacher and school factors were significantly associated with social validity. Overall, teachers reported positive perceptions about SEL interventions; particularly, teachers with higher SEL competence perceived SEL interventions to be more acceptable and effective and were more willing to engage in them. Teachers with higher stress levels also perceived SEL interventions as more acceptable, suggesting they may think SEL interventions can improve both student behavior and teacher well-being. On the other hand, teachers with more years of teaching experience perceived SEL interventions as more disruptive to classroom routines. This may point to barriers in school settings such as lack of time for non-academic activities. Notably, teachers of color also perceived SEL interventions to be more disruptive, and teachers working in more diverse schools rated SEL interventions to be less acceptable. Teachers noted that SEL interventions should be customized to students’ context and reality. Teachers of color and those working in diverse schools may be more aware of the lack of cultural responsiveness of SEL interventions, and therefore find them less socially valid. Providing trainings and supports that develop teacher SEL competence can significantly increase social validity and, consequently, engagement in interventions. It is also important to promote teachers’ MCC and infuse multicultural considerations into school practices. Research on intervention development, evaluation, and dissemination should account for cultural diversity as well as investigate adaptations to improve implementation quality, sustainability, and student outcomes. Advancing SEL interventions in these areas has the potential to promote a healthier development among students particularly those from diverse communities