A importância clínica da análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano para o diagnóstico de afecções do sistema nervoso central do cão

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaO diagnóstico definitivo e o prognóstico de afecções neurológicas é essencial para a realização de uma terapêutica adequada e eficaz. Contudo, a disponibilidade dos meios complementares de diagnóstico (MCD), os riscos associados e a relação custo-benefício tornam a seleção dos meios de diagnóstico que conduzem a este último verdadeiramente um desafio. O líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) é o produto tecidular do sistema nervoso central (SNC) mais facilmente acessível e é passível de sofrer modificações aquando de afecções que alterem as barreiras hemato-encefálicas e sangue-LCR. Esta dissertação tem como objectivo determinar a importância da análise do LCR para o diagnóstico de afecções do SNC do cão. Avaliando o impacto que a análise do LCR tem no número dos MCD realizados por doente, estudou-se uma população de 143 cães com afecções neurológicas. A população foi divida em dois grupos: grupo "LCR" (n=37), onde se colheu LCR, realizando-se a contagem total de células, o citodiagnóstico e o teste de Pandy, e o grupo "S/LCR" (n=106) onde esses procedimentos não foram realizados. Estudou-se estatisticamente a relação entre grupos, o número de doentes com e sem diagnóstico definitivo. Verificou-se que a significância dos testes estatísticos entre as variáveis númeroMCD, pesoMCD e LCR são ambas zero (inferiores a 0,05), evidenciando uma relação estatística entre as variáveis. Com análise das médias de exames realizados por animal e o custo-benefício/risco associado a todos os MCD a que esses doentes foram submetidos concluiu-se que a análise de LCR, per si, não diminui o número de MCD necessários por animal, sendo sempre essencial recorrer-se a técnicas imagiológicas para determinar o diagnóstico definitivo. Contudo, verificou-se uma relação positiva no teste de chi-quadrado no que concerne à existência ou não de diagnóstico definitivo e à realização de análises no LCR na presença de neuropatias (p = 0,020; p ≤ 0,05). Assim, a análise do LCR, embora inconclusiva se utilizada de forma isolada, é uma ferramenta útil para a exclusão de etiologias da lista de diagnósticos, ajudando os médicos veterinários a direccionar o seu raciocínio diagnóstico de modo a exercerem uma prática clínica sólida, direccionada e razoável.ABSTRACT - CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF CSF ANALYSIS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS - In order to implement an adequate and effective treatment for a neuropathy it's crucial to determine the definite diagnosis and prognosis. Notwithstanding, ascertaining a diagnosis can be challenging due to lack of availability of methods of diagnosis, associated risks and cost-benefit ratio. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an accessible secretion, which may suffer alterations in its normal characteristics in the presence of a pathologic process that damages the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers. This dissertation aims to determine the importance of CSF analysis towards the diagnosis of canine neuropathies. 143 dogs with neurologic disorders were examined in order to assess if the CSF analysis influences the number and type of other methods of diagnosis required per pacient. The study population was divided into two different groups: the "CSF" (LCR in portuguese) group (n=37) in which there were obtained and analyzed CSF samples, performing the total cell count, differential cell count and Pandy test; and the W/O-CSF group (S/LCR in portuguese) in which none of those procedures were done. The inter-relations between groups, the number of diseased dogs, with and without diagnosis were statistically evaluated. The significance of both tests was zero (< 0.05) meaning that there is a statistical relation between the variables. The analysis of the mean of exams performed per pacient and their cost-benefit ratio lead to the conclusion that the CSF analysis doesn't decrease the number of methods of diagnosis performed per patient and ergo the imaging tests are crucial to an accurate diagnosis. However, the chi-square test concerning the existence or not of a diagnosis and the CSF implied a significant relationship between both variables (p = 0.020; p < 0.05). Thus, the CSF analysis, regardless of being inconclusive, is a very helpful mean of diagnosis, helping clinicians to exclude etiologies from their diagnosis' list, to target their clinical reasoning and to make their practice as steadfast and accurate as possible

Diagnóstico organizacional em uma empresa familiar de confecções em atacado de João Pessoa – PB

Family companies over the years have been the subject of increasing research, this is because this type of organization is responsible for social and economic growth in many countries. In order to improve the performance of the company, it is necessary to know and identify its strengths and weaknesses, thus, to set goals and objectives as well as to correct the negative aspects and seek to improve the positive points. Based on this, this research had as objective to realize an organizational diagnosis of a family company, located in. As for the methodological procedures, the bibliographical research was initially done, followed by the interview and the direct observation, to collect data. Next, the strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities found in the company under study were analyzed through the SWOT Matrix tool and actions were proposed to solve / minimize the problems identified. The research results show that the company has strengths, such as the relationship with employees and the harmonic working environment and weaknesses such as informality in the communication and the lack of a work safety program, already in relation to threats has the absence of strategic planning and strategic definition, and finally the opportunities have the modeling and design of exclusive parts of the brand. It is suggested that the company adopt a quality management system and define a strategic plan.As empresas familiares ao longo dos anos vêm sendo objeto de pesquisa crescente, isso é devido a esse tipo de organização ser responsável pelo crescimento social e econômico nos mais diversos países. Para poder melhorar o desempenho da empresa é preciso conhecer e identificar seus pontos fortes e fracos para, assim, traçar metas e objetivos bem como corrigir os aspectos negativos e buscar melhorar os pontos positivos. Baseada nisso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico organizacional de uma empresa familiar, localizada em João Pessoa – PB. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, inicialmente foi feita a pesquisa bibliográfica, em seguida foi realizada a entrevista e a observação direta, para a coleta de dados. Em seguida foram analisados os pontos fortes e fracos, as ameaças e oportunidades encontradas na empresa em estudo, através da ferramenta Matriz SWOT e propuseram-se ações para resolver/minimizar os problemas identificados. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a empresa possui pontos fortes, tais como o relacionamento com os funcionários e o ambiente de trabalho harmônico e pontos fracos como a informalidade na comunicação e a inexistência de um programa de segurança do trabalho, já em relação às ameaças tem-se a ausência de planejamento estratégico e definição estratégica, e, finalmente quanto às oportunidades tem-se a modelagem e design de peças exclusivos da marca. Sugere-se que a empresa adote um sistema de gestão da qualidade e defina um planejamento estratégico

A descriptive analysis of the seasonal variation of physical oceanographic characteristics in the northern region of the Todos os Santos Bay (Bahia, Brazil)

The results obtained in the August and December 2003, August 2004 and January 2005 oceanographic campaigns in the northern region of the Todos os Santos Bay (lat. 12º44.5'S; long. 038º35.00'W) between the Madre de Deus and Maré islands are analyzed. Instruments of continuous and discrete samplings were used to measure hydrographic properties currents and tides. The water mass of the northern region of the bay is forced by semidiurnal and mesotides of form number 0.08 and the lunar component M2 height was estimated at 91cm. The time series of the surface currents indicated movements in the N/S direction, forced by the tide with maximum magnitudes of 0.73 m.s-1 on the December 2003 campaign. However, in August 2004 the currents were dominated by the wind stress forcing, with a maximum speed of 1.85 m.s-1 and SE direction. Near the bottom, the influence of the tide is not as evident, with a decrease in intensity due to internal and bottom friction, with a maximum velocity of 0.17 m.s-1. The thermal and haline structures were weakly horizontally, as well as vertically stratified, with extreme values varying in the intervals 23ºC (August, 2004) to 28ºC (December, 2003) and 31.0 psu (August, 2003) to 36.0 psu (December, 2003), respectively. Some conclusions may be drawn from these results: i) The signs of the dilution of the fresh water discharges of the Caípe, Mataripe and São Paulo rivers in the region under the influence of the RLAM were observed only during the winter periods, but in the summer the region was flooded by waters of oceanic origin and the salinities above 36.0 indicated TW mass intrusion; ii) The N-S circulation near the RLAM is strongly dominated by the tide, and the importance of the M2 component was unequivocal, however, the E-W component presented some tidal modulation away from abrupt bottom topographical changes, and iii) The residual series, calculated as the difference between the original and modeled, is about ¼ of the original and confirmed its semidiurnal character.Resultados obtidos em campanhas oceanográficas realizadas em agosto e dezembro de 2003, agosto de 2004 e janeiro de 2005 na região norte da Baía de Todos os Santos (lat. 12º44.5' S e long. 038º35.00' W) entre as ilhas Madre de Deus e Maré são analisadas. Instrumentos com amostragem discreta e contínua foram utilizados para medidas das propriedades hidrográficas, correntes e marés. A massa de água da região norte da baía é forçada por maré semidiurna e mesomaré com número de forma 0,08 e altura da componente M2 próxima a 0.91 m. A série temporal das correntes de superfície indicaram movimentos na direção N/S, com intensidades de até 0,73 m.s-1 em dezembro de 2003. Entretanto, em agosto de 2004 as correntes foram dominadas pela tensão de cisalhamento do vento atingindo intensidade máxima de 1,85 m.s-1 no sentido SE. Nas proximidades do fundo a influência da maré não foi muito evidente, com a intensidade decrescendo até cerca de 0.17 m.s-1 devido ao atrito interno e de fundo. Os campos de temperatura e de salinidade foram fracamente estratificados tanto vertical como horizontalmente, com valores extremos nos intervalos de 23ºC (agosto de 2004) a 28ºC (dezembro de 2003) e 31.0 ups (agosto de 2003) a 36.0 ups (dezembro de 2003), respectivamente. Desses resultados seguem as conclusões: i) A diluição gerada pela descarga de água doce dos rios Caípe, Mataripe e São Paulo na região sob influência da RLAM foram observadas somente nos períodos; inverno, e no verão a intrusão de águas de origem oceânica com salinidades maiores do que 36.0 indicaram a intrusão da massa de Água Tropical; ii) A circulação N-S próximo à RLAM foi dominada fortemente pela maré, sendo a importância da componente semidiurna M2 muito clara; entretanto, a circulação na direção E-W somente apresentou alguma modulação da maré longe das variações abruptas da topografia do fundo; iii) As diferenças da série residual da maré, calculadas pelas alturas da série original subtraídas das séries modeladas, foram, cerca de ¼ das originais, confirmando sua característica semidiurna

Classificação da cobertura da terra na planície de inundação do Lago Grande de Curuai (Amazônia, Brasil) utilizando dados multisensor e fusão de imagens

Given the limitations of different types of remote sensing images, automated land-cover classifications of the Amazon várzea may yield poor accuracy indexes. One way to improve accuracy is through the combination of images from different sensors, by either image fusion or multi-sensor classifications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine which classification method is more efficient in improving land cover classification accuracies for the Amazon várzea and similar wetland environments - (a) synthetically fused optical and SAR images or (b) multi-sensor classification of paired SAR and optical images. Land cover classifications based on images from a single sensor (Landsat TM or Radarsat-2) are compared with multi-sensor and image fusion classifications. Object-based image analyses (OBIA) and the J.48 data-mining algorithm were used for automated classification, and classification accuracies were assessed using the kappa index of agreement and the recently proposed allocation and quantity disagreement measures. Overall, optical-based classifications had better accuracy than SAR-based classifications. Once both datasets were combined using the multi-sensor approach, there was a 2% decrease in allocation disagreement, as the method was able to overcome part of the limitations present in both images. Accuracy decreased when image fusion methods were used, however. We therefore concluded that the multi-sensor classification method is more appropriate for classifying land cover in the Amazon várzea

Ulcerative keratitis in paca (Agouti paca)

Ulcerative keratitis is a disorder mainly caused by fights and scratches in rodents. This disorder was described in a 7-year-old female paca with ocular secretion, blepharospasm, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, edema and corneal neovascularization. After anesthesia using azaperone (1mg/kg, i.m.), ketamine (20mg/kg, i.m.) and xylazine (0.2mg/kg, i.m.), plus anesthetic collyrium (hydrochloride of tetracaine 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%), conjunctival covering of 360° was performed. Subconjunctival injection of gentamicine was done and the animal was kept using an Elizabethan collar in an individual pen, receiving analgesic (0.02mg/kg of buprenorphine, i.m.) three times a day for 2 days and pentabiotic every 48 hours during 10 days (30,000IU/kg of three penicillins and 12.5mg/kg of two estreptomicines, i.m.). After 30 days, important adhesion of the conjunctival bulb to the scarred cornea was noted and phithisis bulbi observed. The surgical technique performed preserved the eye bulb although vision was lost

Data release 2 of S-PLUS : accurate template-fitting based photometry covering ∼1000 deg2 in 12 optical filters

The Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) is an ongoing survey of ∼9300 deg2 in the southern sky in a 12-band photometric system. This paper presents the second data release (DR2) of S-PLUS, consisting of 514 tiles covering an area of 950 deg2. The data has been fully calibrated using a new photometric calibration technique suitable for the new generation of wide-field multifilter surveys. This technique consists of a χ2 minimization to fit synthetic stellar templates to already calibrated data from other surveys, eliminating the need for standard stars and reducing the survey duration by ∼15 per cent. We compare the template-predicted and S-PLUS instrumental magnitudesto derive the photometric zero-points(ZPs). We show that these ZPs can be further refined by fitting the stellar templates to the 12 S-PLUS magnitudes, which better constrain the models by adding the narrow-band information. We use the STRIPE82 region to estimate ZP errors, which are 10 mmags for filters J0410, J0430, g,J0515, r,J0660, i,J0861 and z; 15 mmags for filterJ0378; and 25 mmagsfor filters u and J0395. We describe the complete data flow of the S-PLUS/DR2 from observations to the final catalogues and present a brief characterization of the data. We show that, for a minimum signal-to-noise threshold of 5, the photometric depths of the DR2 range from 19.1 to 20.5 mag (measured in Petrosian apertures), depending on the filter. The S-PLUS DR2 can be accessed from the website: https://splus.cloud

A proteção da Mulher com vista a promover a Igualdade Substancial no âmbito doméstico

DOI: 10.24859/fdv.2017.1010 Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução dos direitos das mulheres no âmbito social, com base na Igualdade Substancial. Demonstrando as alterações legislativas, pautadas na proteção da mulher, com base no princípio da igualdade substancial. Tornando-se essencial na sociedade o tratamento igual na lei e perante a lei, com fito de desenvolver os agentes de forma consciente em sociedade

Evaluating the impact of maintenance policies associated to SLA contracts on the dependability of data centers electrical infrastructures

Due to the growth of cloud computing, data center environment has grown in importance and in use. Data centers are responsible for maintaining and processing several critical-value applications. Therefore, data center infrastructures must be evaluated in order to improve the high availability and reliability demanded for such environments. This work adopts Stochastic Petri Nets (SPN) to evaluate the impact of maintenance policies on the data center dependability. The main goal is to analyze maintenance policies, associated to SLA contracts, and to propose improvements. In order to accomplish this, an optimization strategy that uses Euclidean distance is adopted to indicate the most appropriate solution assuming conflicting requirements (e.g., cost and availability). To illustrate the applicability of the proposed models and approach, this work presents case studies comparing different SLA contracts and maintenance policies (preventive and corrective) applied on data center electrical infrastructures