El piearcts en querétaro - tercera etapa

Se reporta el avance de la tercera etapa del PIEARCTS en Querétaro, México: análisis estadístico e interpretación de datos de las once instituciones en donde se aplicó el COCTS a un total de 1374 sujetos. Se establece un horizonte de interpretación que integra los datos cuantitativos con la reflexión cualitativa, la cual está amparada en el contexto socio-histórico de cada institución y en la caracterización de cada grupo muestral. Los datos se analizan de acuerdo con el tipo de institución: tecnológica o humanística; nivel educativo: licenciatura, bachillerato, técnico o normal y con los grupos encuestados: estudiantes o profesores, considerando los datos sociodemográficos incluidos en la encuesta. Se calculan los índices de plausibilidad, adecuación, ingenuidad y cultura científica para cada reactivo y para cada sujeto. Con ellos se hacen comparaciones entre grupos

Numerical stability of a fixed point iterative method to determine patterns of turbulent flow in a rectangular cavity with different aspect ratios

2D isothermal viscous incompressible flows are presented from the Navier- Stokes equations in the Stream function-vorticity formulation and in the velocity-vorticity formulation. The simulation is made using a numerical method based on a fixed point it- erative process to solve the nonlinear elliptic system that results after time discretization. The iterative process leads us to the solution of uncoupled, well-conditioned, symmetric linear elliptic problems from which efficient solvers exist regardless of the space discretiza- tion. The experiments take place on the lid driven cavity problem for Reynolds numbers up to Re = 10000 and different aspect ratios A (A=ratio of the height to the width) A = 1 and A /= 1 such aAs = 1/2, till A = 3. It appears that with velocity and vorticity variables is more difficult to solve this kind of flows, at least with a numerical procedure similar to the one applied in stream function and vorticity variables to solve an analogous nonlinear elliptic system. To obtain such flows is not an easy task, especially with the velocity-vorticity formulation. We report here results for moderate Reynolds numbers (Re 10000), although with them enough effectiveness is achieved to be able to vary the aspect ratio of the cavity A, which causes the flow to be more unstable. Con- tribution in this work is to consider rectangular cavities of drag, which can impact on isothermal turbulent flow patterns. Another contribution is to include a wide region of the Reynolds number as well as different aspect ratios where we tested stability of the numerical scheme

“Laboratorio Q”, Seville: creative production of collective spaces before and after austerity

The creative city approach is going through a redefinition after the 2008 global financial crisis. In the specific case of South-European cities, in the context of austerity and cuts in public investment, creativity is becoming a strategy for achieving maximum social benefit and improvement of the built environment with minimum economic expenditure. This paper looks at this redefinition of creativity through the case study of Seville, in southern Spain. Through research methods that include video-recorded testimonies of the actors involved, mapping at the online platform “Laboratorio Q”, and public engagement activities, this paper explores how the civic society, professional, and public authorities have reinvented how to produce collective spaces. The paper concludes that bottom-up creative processes for producing collective spaces have become more visible since the 2008 crisis, when architects, planners, public authorities and policy-makers have been “learning” from them

Use of resistivity measurements to detect urban caves in Mexico City and to assess the related hazard

International audienceIn the XIX century when Mexico City was much smaller than at present, there was non-regulated mining of building materials in a region of tuffs northwest of the city in an inhabited countryside. With the growth of the city during the XX century, this region was increasingly populated and in the 1970's many two-level bricks houses were built, without regard for underground caves created by the earlier extractions. Some ground sinkings in adjacent areas alarmed the residents who now are worried about this permanent hazard. An association of residents contracted a private company for a geophysical study in order to know the distribution of the caves. Resistivity measurements were taken in the area to detect the caves in order to alert city authorities. Resistivity data along most of the streets were collected with the array pole-dipole that consisted of three grounded electrodes. We performed 2-D dimensional inversions to the data in order to get a 2-D resistivity image of every street. This is similar to a resistivity cross-section of the ground but obtained from the inversion of pole-dipole and Schlumberger resistivity data simultaneously. Using the information of previous drills we modified our programming code in order to perform constrained inversion and to get more accurate resistivity models in agreement with the drills. From the resistivity models obtained for every street it was possible to produce a map which shows the horizontal distribution of the resistive bodies at a depth of 12m. These resistive bodies show coherent alignments that seem to correspond with a distributions of interconnected caves or tunnels used for extracting the sandy-tuffs. From these kind of interpretation method it was intended to get a more accurate horizontal distribution of the excavated areas in order to better know the urbanized area affected and lead the authorities to remedy the area with refill material

Land abandonment as driver of woody vegetation dynamics in Tamaulipan thornscrub at Northeastern Mexico

Background: Vegetation structure is defined as the temporal and spatial distribution of plant species in a particular site. Vegetation structure includes vertical and horizontal distribution and has been widely used as an indicator of successional changes. Ecological succession plays an essential role in the determination of the mechanisms that structure plant communities under anthropogenic disturbances. After an anthropogenic disturbance, such as grazing, forests follow changes in the original composition and vegetation structure, which eventually could restore some of their attributes to become mature forests again. To know how the time of abandonment affects woody plant communities, we ask the following questions: (1) How does the species richness, diversity, and vertical structure (A index) change concerning the time of abandonment? (2) Are species similarities among woody vegetation communities determined by land abandonment? (3) Which woody species have the highest ecological importance in each successional stage? Methods: We explored how successional stages after land abandonment mediated the species richness, species diversity (alpha and beta), and ecological importance value index on four areas of Tamaulipan thornscrub. We selected four areas that differed in time of abandonment: 10, 20, 30, and >30 years. The first three areas were used for cattle grazing, whereas the >30-year area was selected as a control since it does not have a record of disturbance by cattle grazing or agriculture. During the summer of 2012, we randomly established four square plots (40 m × 40 m) in each area, separated at least 200 m from each other. In each plot, we recorded all woody individuals per species with a basal diameter ≥1 cm at 10 cm above ground level. We estimated species richness indices, species diversity (alpha and beta), and ecological importance value index. Results: We recorded 27 woody species belonging to 23 genera and 15 families. Fabaceae accounted for 40% of the species. Acacia farnesiana was the most important and abundant species in the first three successional stages. We suggested that older successional stages of Tamaulipan thornscrub promote woody plant communities, characterized by a higher complex structure than younger communities. We observed the highest species similarity between the sites with a closer time of abandonment, while the lowest similarity was shown between the sites with extreme time of abandonment. We conclude that Tamaulipan thornscrub shows a similar trend of ecological succession to other dry forests and the time of abandonment has a high mediation on plant dynamics in the Tamaulipan thornscrub. Also, we stand out the importance of secondary forests for Tamaulipan thornscrub woody plant communities. Finally, we recommended future studies include aspects of regeneration speed, the proximity of mature vegetation, and the interactions of plants with their seed dispersers.Eduardo Alanis aquired funding from Programa de Mejoramiento al Profesorado (PROMEP/103.5/12/3585). Cristian A. Martínez-Adriano was granted from a CONACYT national postdoctoral fellowship (grants 710775 and 740202)

Uso de agentes espesantes en el desarrollo de nieve funcional baja en calorías adicionada con inulina y antioxidantes obtenidos de maíz azul (Zea mays l.)

El exceso de tejido adiposo en el organismo de niños representa un problema grave en México, por lo que se busca formular alimentos funcionales altos en fibra, y antioxidantes, es por esto que para el presente proyecto se incorpora el prebiótico inulina a un producto congelado, la cual es una fibra vegetal soluble contenida principalmente en la raíz de la achicoria (Cichorium intybus), así mismo, es adicionado extracto acuoso de maíz azul, lo que le da capacidad antioxidante al mismo, debido al compuesto cianidina 3-glucosido, el ensayo llevado a cabo fue ABTS obteniendo un resultado de 40948±0.003 µmol eq. Trolox/g de muestra y 286±0.002 mg eq. Ácido Gálico/100g de muestra para el análisis de fenoles totales. La formulación de la nieve fue elaborada usando diferentes concentraciones de goma guar, xanthana, harina de algarrobo y glicerina como espesante, incorporándose por un tiempo total de 40 minutos en una propela IKA ®Eurostar 60 digital modelo S001 a 900 rpm. para generar una micro cristalización lo que dará una textura suave, más agradable al consumidor

Kinetics of Drying Medicinal Plants by Hybridization of Solar Technologies

Historically, medicinal plants have always had an important place in medicine. Medicinal plants processing represents a great challenge, due to their compounds sensitive to the environmental conditions that surround and degrade them. Mostly of these plants require to be dry to preserve its safety and medicinal properties; therefore, for proper drying, it is necessary to use sustainable devices that protect the desirable characteristics of plants from direct radiation. In this work, the kinetics of dehydration of three medicinal plants are presented in an indirect solar dryer. In addition, the experimental results were adjusted to nine mostly used models, to estimate the drying conditions required to achieve a desired final moisture content. Modified Page and Page were the models with better fit to experimental results. Furthermore, a computational simulation of temperature evolution and distribution inside the dryer is presented. These results agree with those obtained experimentally

Microbiota presente durante la fermentación natural de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) variante pinto americano.

El frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) es una leguminosa que representa una importante fuente de carbohidratos complejos y de proteína, además de aportar compuestos bioactivos a la dieta de los latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, presenta factores que limitan su consumo, los cuales disminuyen significativamente por la fermentación natural, mejorandoademás la calidad nutritiva. Adicionalmente, este bioproceso puede incrementar el potencial de P. vulgaris como ingrediente funcional en alimentos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los niveles de indicadores microbiológicos y bacterias ácido lácticas presentes durante un proceso de fermentación natural de frijol (P.vulgaris) var. Pinto americano, además de aislar e identificar bacterias ácido lácticas fermentadoras presentes durante el proceso. El frijol fue fermentado naturalmente a 42 ºC por 72 h, se determinaron indicadores de calidad microbiológica, pH y bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) durante el proceso. Los niveles de mesófilos aerobios y coliformes totales se mantuvieron, mientras que los enterococos totales y las BAL aumentaron. El pH se redujo en un 20 %. Las BAL aisladas fueron identificadas como Enterocccus spp

“Desarrollo de Plan de Negocios para Hotel Glamping en Chiquilistlán, Jalisco”

ITESO, A.C