858 research outputs found
Radii in the shell and the "halo" orbit: A game changer
Proton radii of nuclei in the shell depart appreciably from the
asymptotic law, . The departure exhibits systematic
trends fairly well described by a single phenomenological term in the
Duflo-Zuker formulation, which also happens to explain the sudden increase in
slope in the isotope shifts of several chains at neutron number . It was
recently shown that this term is associated with the abnormally large size of
the and orbits in the and shells respectively. Further
to explore the problem, we propose to calculate microscopically radii in the
former. Since the (square) radius is basically a one body operator, its
evolution is dictated by single particle occupancies determined by shell model
calculations. Assuming that the departure from the asymptotic form is entirely
due to the orbit, the expectation value is determined by demanding that its evolution be
such as to describe well nuclear radii. It does, for an orbit that remains very
large (about 1.6 fm bigger than its counterparts) up to then
drops abruptly but remains some 0.6 fm larger than the orbits. An
unexpected behavior bound to challenge our understanding of shell formation.Comment: 4 pages 6(7) figure
Neutron Skins and Halo Orbits in the sd and pf Shells
open3siThe strong dependence of Coulomb energies on nuclear radii makes it possible to extract the latter from
calculations of the former. The resulting estimates of neutron skins indicate that two mechanisms are
involved. The first one --isovector monopole polarizabilityâamounts to noting that when a particle is
added to a system it drives the radii of neutrons and protons in different directions, tending to equalize the
radii of both fluids independently of the neutron excess. This mechanism is well understood and the Duflo-
Zuker (small) neutron skin values derived 14 years ago are consistent with recent measures and estimates.
The alternative mechanism involves halo orbits whose huge sizes tend to make the neutron skins larger and
have a subtle influence on the radial behavior of sd and f shell nuclei. In particular, they account for the
sudden rise in the isotope shifts of nuclei beyond N=28 and the near constancy of radii in the A=40â56
region. This mechanism, detected here for the first time, is not well understood and may well go beyond the
Efimov physics usually associated with halo orbits.openBonnard, JEREMY CHRISTIAN FREDERIC; Lenzi, SILVIA MONICA; Zuker, A. P.Bonnard, JEREMY CHRISTIAN FREDERIC; Lenzi, SILVIA MONICA; Zuker, A. P
Displaced abomasum
"The abomasum is the fourth or 'true' stomach in the cow. It normally lies low down in the right front quadrant of the abdomen, just inside the seventh through 11th ribs (Fig. 1). Adjacent to the abomasum, on the left side of the abdomen, is the large first stomach or rumen (Fig. 2). The abomasum occasionally may be displaced to the left of the rumen and upwards when its muscular wall loses tone and the stomach becomes filled with gas. This condition is left abomasal displacement."--First page.A. David Weaver and Bonnard Moseley (College of Veterinary Medicine)Revised 9/87/5
Energy minimization problem in two-level dissipative quantum control: meridian case
International audienceWe analyze the energy-minimizing problem for a two-level dissipative quantum system described by the Kossakowsky-Lindblad equation. According to the Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP), minimizers can be selected among normal and abnormal extremals whose dynamics are classified according to the values of the dissipation parameters. Our aim is to improve our previous analysis concerning 2D solutions in the case where the Hamiltonian dynamics are integrable
Time-optimal Unitary Operations in Ising Chains II: Unequal Couplings and Fixed Fidelity
We analytically determine the minimal time and the optimal control laws
required for the realization, up to an assigned fidelity and with a fixed
energy available, of entangling quantum gates () between
indirectly coupled qubits of a trilinear Ising chain. The control is coherent
and open loop, and it is represented by a local and continuous magnetic field
acting on the intermediate qubit. The time cost of this local quantum operation
is not restricted to be zero. When the matching with the target gate is perfect
(fidelity equal to one) we provide exact solutions for the case of equal Ising
coupling. For the more general case when some error is tolerated (fidelity
smaller than one) we give perturbative solutions for unequal couplings.
Comparison with previous numerical solutions for the minimal time to generate
the same gates with the same Ising Hamiltonian but with instantaneous local
controls shows that the latter are not time-optimal.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
The Serret-Andoyer Riemannian metric and Euler-Poinsot rigid body motion
The Euler-Poinsot rigid body motion is a standard mechanical system and is the model for left-invariant Riemannian metrics on SO(3). In this article, using the Serret-Andoyer variables we parameterize the solutions and compute the Jacobi fields in relation with the conjugate locus evaluation. Moreover the metric can be restricted to a 2D surface and the conjugate points of this metric are evaluated using recent work [4] on surfaces of revolution
Monotonically convergent optimal control theory of quantum systems with spectral constraints on the control field
We propose a new monotonically convergent algorithm which can enforce
spectral constraints on the control field (and extends to arbitrary filters).
The procedure differs from standard algorithms in that at each iteration the
control field is taken as a linear combination of the control field (computed
by the standard algorithm) and the filtered field. The parameter of the linear
combination is chosen to respect the monotonic behavior of the algorithm and to
be as close to the filtered field as possible. We test the efficiency of this
method on molecular alignment. Using band-pass filters, we show how to select
particular rotational transitions to reach high alignment efficiency. We also
consider spectral constraints corresponding to experimental conditions using
pulse shaping techniques. We determine an optimal solution that could be
implemented experimentally with this technique.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Physical Review
Geometric Approach to Pontryagin's Maximum Principle
Since the second half of the 20th century, Pontryagin's Maximum Principle has
been widely discussed and used as a method to solve optimal control problems in
medicine, robotics, finance, engineering, astronomy. Here, we focus on the
proof and on the understanding of this Principle, using as much geometric ideas
and geometric tools as possible. This approach provides a better and clearer
understanding of the Principle and, in particular, of the role of the abnormal
extremals. These extremals are interesting because they do not depend on the
cost function, but only on the control system. Moreover, they were discarded as
solutions until the nineties, when examples of strict abnormal optimal curves
were found. In order to give a detailed exposition of the proof, the paper is
mostly self\textendash{}contained, which forces us to consider different areas
in mathematics such as algebra, analysis, geometry.Comment: Final version. Minors changes have been made. 56 page
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC ARC OF A SPACE SHUTTLE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS WITH MULTIPLE-SHOOTING METHOD
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