Aprendizaje y educación afectivo-sexual: una revisión de los planteamientos iniciales del aprendizaje de las cuestiones sexuales

[Resumen] La importancia de analizar cómo se produce el aprendizaje sexual así como las fuentes más utilizadas para el mismo, resulta de gran interés para progresar en el desarrollo de la educación afectivo - sexual y para que las instituciones educativas participen y se responsabilicen en el desarrollo de un currículum comprensivo de la misma. En este trabajo realizamos unas revisión acerca de cómo se ha desarrollado, en los inicios de la educación sexual, el aprendizaje de contenidos vinculados a la sexualidad, las fuentes de información más usadas en el ámbito de la sexualidad, así como las técnicas de trabajo que han favorecido la implantación de la educación afectivo sexual en las escuelas

Porosity-based models for estimating the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete with coarse and fine recycled concrete aggregate

Predicting the mechanical properties of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) generally depends, in great part, on the RCA fraction in use. In this study, predictive equations for estimating SCC mechanical properties are developed through SCC porosity indices, so they are applicable to any RCA fraction and amount that may be used. A total of ten SCC mixes were prepared, nine of which containing different proportions of coarse and/or fine RCA (0%, 50% or 100% for both fractions), and the tenth mixed with 100% coarse and fine RCA, and RCA powder 0–1 mm. The following properties were evaluated: compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and effective porosity as measured with the capillary-water-absorption test. Negative effects on the above properties were recorded for increasing contents of both RCA fractions. The application of simple regression models yielded porosity-based estimations of the mechanical properties of the SCC with an accuracy margin of ±20%, regardless of the RCA fraction and amount. The results of the multiple regression models with compressive strength as a secondary predictive variable presented even greater robustness with accuracy margins of ±10% and almost no significant effect of accidental porosity variations on prediction accuracy. Furthermore, porosity predictions using the 24-h effective water also yielded accurate estimations of all the above mechanical properties. Finally, comparisons with the results of other studies validated the reliability of the models and their accuracy, especially the minimum expected values at a 95% confidence level, at all times lower than the experimental results.Spanish Ministry of Universities within the framework of the State Program for the Promotion of Talent and its Employability in R + D + i, State Mobility Subprogram, of the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2017–2020 [PRX21/00007]; the Spanish Ministry MCI, AEI, EU and ERDF [grant numbers PID2020-113837RB-I00; 10.13039/501100011033; FPU17/03374]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [grant numbers UIC-231; BU119P17]; Youth Employment Initiative (JCyL) and ESF [grant number UBU05B_1274]; and finally, the University of Burgos [grant numbers SUCONS, Y135.GI] and the University of Padova

Compuestos neurogénicos basados en melatonina y su uso en el tratamiento de enfermedades del sistema nervioso

La presente invención, que se incluye en el campo de la investigación e industria farmacéutica, se refiere a nuevas entidades químicas derivadas de melatonina con propiedades neurogénicas, moduladoras de los receptores de melatonina y/o serotonina, antioxidantes y/o colinérgicas. También se refiere a los procedimientos para la preparación de estos nuevos compuestos, a las composiciones farmacéuticas que los contienen y a su uso para la fabricación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de enfermedades del sistema nervioso relacionadas con degeneración neuronal, depresión, trastornos psiquiátricos y cognitivos, trauma o lesión celular, u otro trastorno neurológico relacionado, tratamiento de fatiga diurna, trastornos del sueño, pérdida de eficacia mental, debilidad e irritabilidad y síntomas relacionados con la descompensación horaria (efecto jet-lag o síndrome transoceánico).Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de MadridB1 Patente sin examen previ

Clinical and genetic analysis of 29 Brazilian patients with Huntington’s disease-like phenotype

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, behavioral disturbances and dementia, caused by a pathological expansion of the CAG trinucleotide in the HTT gene. Several patients have been recognized with the typical HD phenotype without the expected mutation. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of diseases such as Huntington’s disease-like 2 (HDL2), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA7, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and choreaacanthocytosis (ChAc) among 29 Brazilian patients with a HD-like phenotype. In the group analyzed, we found 3 patients with HDL2 and 2 patients with ChAc. The diagnosis was not reached in 79.3% of the patients. HDL2 was the main cause of the HD-like phenotype in the group analyzed, and is attributable to the African ancestry of this population. However, the etiology of the disease remains undetermined in the majority of the HD negative patients with HD-like phenotype. Key words: Huntington’s disease, Huntington’s disease-like, chorea-acanthocytosis, Huntington’s disease-like 2

Automatic linguistic reporting of customer activity patterns in open malls

In this work, we present a complete system to produce an automatic linguistic reporting about the customer activity patterns inside open malls, a mixed distribution of classical malls joined with the shops on the street. These reports can assist to design marketing campaigns by means of identifying the best places to catch the attention of customers. Activity patterns are estimated with process mining techniques and the key information of localization. Localization is obtained with a parallelized solution based on WiFi fingerprint system to speed up the solution. In agreement with the best practices for human evaluation of natural language generation systems, the linguistic quality of the generated report was evaluated by 41 experts who filled in an online questionnaire. Results are encouraging, since the average global score of the linguistic quality dimension is 6.17 (0.76 of standard deviation) in a 7-point Likert scale. This expresses a high degree of satisfaction of the generated reports and validates the adequacy of automatic natural language textual reports as a complementary tool to process model visualization. © 2021, The Author(s)

X-chromosome tiling path array detection of copy number variants in patients with chromosome X-linked mental retardation

Contiene 3 ficheros adicionales con información suplementaria.-- et al.[Background] Aproximately 5–10% of cases of mental retardation in males are due to copy number variations (CNV) on the X chromosome. Novel technologies, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), may help to uncover cryptic rearrangements in X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) patients. We have constructed an X-chromosome tiling path array using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and validated it using samples with cytogenetically defined copy number changes. We have studied 54 patients with idiopathic mental retardation and 20 controls subjects.[Results] Known genomic aberrations were reliably detected on the array and eight novel submicroscopic imbalances, likely causative for the mental retardation (MR) phenotype, were detected. Putatively pathogenic rearrangements included three deletions and five duplications (ranging between 82 kb to one Mb), all but two affecting genes previously known to be responsible for XLMR. Additionally, we describe different CNV regions with significant different frequencies in XLMR and control subjects (44% vs. 20%).[Conclusion] This tiling path array of the human X chromosome has proven successful for the detection and characterization of known rearrangements and novel CNVs in XLMR patients.The authors thank the "Genoma España" and Genome Canada joint R+D+I projects in human health, plants and aquiculture; the former "Departament d'Universitats i Societat de la Informació" (DURSI) and the "Departament de Salut", from the Catalan Autonomous Government (2005SGR00008 - Generalitat de Catalunya); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI041126, CIBER-ESP), the EU's Sixth Framework Programme [FP6-2005-LIFESCIHEALTH-7; ANEUPLOIDY No. 037627] and Fundación Areces (U-2006-FARECES-O).Peer reviewe

Percentile reference values for anthropometric body composition indices in European children from the IDEFICS study

INTRODUCTION: To characterise the nutritional status in children with obesity or wasting conditions, European anthropometric reference values for body composition measures beyond the body mass index (BMI) are needed. Differentiated assessment of body composition in children has long been hampered by the lack of appropriate references. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to provide percentiles for body composition indices in normal weight European children, based on the IDEFICS cohort (Identification and prevention of Dietary-and lifestyle-induced health Effects in Children and infantS). METHODS: Overall 18 745 2.0-10.9-year-old children from eight countries participated in the study. Children classified as overweight/obese or underweight according to IOTF (N = 5915) were excluded from the analysis. Anthropometric measurements (BMI (N = 12 830); triceps, subscapular, fat mass and fat mass index (N = 11 845-11 901); biceps, suprailiac skinfolds, sum of skinfolds calculated from skinfold thicknesses (N = 8129-8205), neck circumference (N = 12 241); waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (N = 12 381)) were analysed stratified by sex and smoothed 1st, 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th and 99th percentile curves were calculated using GAMLSS. RESULTS: Percentile values of the most important anthropometric measures related to the degree of adiposity are depicted for European girls and boys. Age-and sex-specific differences were investigated for all measures. As an example, the 50th and 99th percentile values of waist circumference ranged from 50.7-59.2 cm and from 51.3-58.7 cm in 4.5-to < 5.0-year-old girls and boys, respectively, to 60.6-74.5 cm in girls and to 59.9-76.7 cm in boys at the age of 10.5-10.9 years. CONCLUSION: The presented percentile curves may aid a differentiated assessment of total and abdominal adiposity in European children