The applied research on positive electrode additives of lead-acid battery

通过大量的试验研究,证实在铅酸蓄电池正极和膏时添加适量的添加剂,在合适的生产工艺下,对铅酸蓄电池的性能有着重要的影响。本文通过添加不同量的石墨和“4bS“晶种,在不同的固化工艺条件下对比试验,对生极板和熟极板进行SEM分析和Xrd分析,从而根据电池不同的使用领域和质量要求,合理的选用生产工艺及更好地使用添加剂。After many tests,it was confirmed that the right amount of additives added into the positive paste had an important impact on the performance of lead-acid batteries under the appropriate manufacturing process.The unformatted plates and formatted plates with different content of graphite and 4BS seed crystal under different curing process conditions were analyzed by SEM and XRD.So according to the using field and quality requirements of lead-acid batteries,it can be possible to preferably select and use the right process and additives.福建省软科学项目(2012R0076

Effect of the trans - theoretical model of behavior based WeChat health education on self - management among patients with maintenance hemodialysis

目的 探讨基于行为转变的微信干预模式对维持性血液透析患者自我管理的研究效果.方法 选取60例维持性血液透析患者实施微信健康教育,健康教育方案是基于行为转变理论制订,包括血液透析专业知识、自我管理、科学饮食等方面内容.实施干预12周后,对患者的生化指标、自我管理水平及自我效能感得分进行干预前后比较.结果 干预后患者自我管理得分较干预前有显著提升,表现在情绪处理和自我护理方面,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.干预后患者的生化指标白蛋白、血钾、肌酐、尿素氮的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.患者的自我效能感提升.结论 基于行为转变理论的微信健康教育可以改善维持性血液透析患者的生化指标,提高自我管理水平,帮助患者了解血液透析知识以及提升自信心,为今后改善血液透析患者自我管理提供一种新的干预模式.Objective To explore the effect of WeChat intervention model based on the trans-theoretical model of behavior（TTMB） on self-management of maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Sixty cases of maintenance hemodialysis patients were given WeChat health education,and the health education program was based on TTMB,ineluding hemodialysis expertise,self-management,scientific diet and so on.After 12 weeks＇intervention,the biochemical index,the self-management level and the self-efficacy score of patients were compared before and after intervention.Results The scores of self-management of patients after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention,which were expressed in terms of emotional management and self-care,and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）.After the intervention,the biochemical indexes diffences of albumin,serum potassium,creatinine and urea nitrogen of patients were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）.The self-efficacy of patients were elevated.Conclusion The TTMB WeChat health education can improve the biochemical indexes and the level of self-management of maintenance hemodialysis patients,and it helps patients to understand hemodialysis knowledge as well as improve self-confident,to provide a new intervention model for improving self-management of hemodialysis patients in the future.国家自然科学基金（71403232

Infl uence of composite material of carbon black and graphite on the performance of negative electrode of lead-acid battery

本文考察了加入不同含量混合炭材料(如炭黑与石墨)的铅酸电池负极的电化学性能。通过循环伏安测试,研究了炭材料对负极氧化还原性能与析氢电位的影响。通过扫描电镜测试,观察了负极微观形貌的变化。充放电测试结果表明,铅酸电池负极活性物质中炭材料的含量对其倍率放电性能具有重要影响。适量添加炭黑与石墨的混合材料,可以提高负极高倍率条件下的放电容量。当添加3%炭黑和2%石墨混合炭材料时,对负极充电时的析氢电位影响较小,10 C放电条件下得到较高容量。This paper observed and studied the electrochemical performance of negative electrode of lead-acid battery, while the negative electrode was added into different content of composite carbon material such as carbon black and graphite.The infl uences of carbon material on redox properties of negative electrode and hydrogen evolution potential were studied by cyclic voltammetry measurements.The micro morphology of negative electrode was characterized by SEM.The results of chargedischarge tests showed that when the carbon material was added into the active materials of negative electrode of lead-acid battery, its content had an important effect on the discharge performance.The composite material of proper content carbon black and graphite could improve the discharge capacity at high rates.When 3 wt% carbon black and 2 wt% graphite were added, the effect on hydrogen evolution potential is smaller during charging and the capacity is higher under the condition of 10C discharging.福建省软科学计划项目(2012R0076)资

活性炭对铅酸电池负极活性物质结构与性能的影响

本工作研究了在铅酸电池负极活性物质中添加高比表面积活性炭对其微观结构与性能的影响。模拟电池实验结果发现,添加0. 5%的SPC04型活性炭可以使负极1C、5C、10C的放电容量分别提高18. 36%、42. 68%、44. 01%,2C 60 s的放电循环寿命提高1倍。6-FM-9F型实际电池测试结果表明,不仅在部分荷电态高倍率(HRPSo C)充放电条件下电池的循环寿命得到了显著提高,而且在完全充放电下电池的循环寿命也得到了显著提高。负极活性物质的微观结构测试结果表明,活性炭材料的加入可以明显改变其颗粒形貌和孔隙结构,活性炭可以使负极活性物质颗粒及孔隙分布较为均匀,粒径大小适中,增加了活性物质颗粒间有效孔径范围(0. 4～3μm)的占比

Analysis of buckling deformation of positive plates during formation at low temperature

[中文文摘]在低温条件蓄电池生产中,极板化成时经常产生正极板弯曲的现象。对此进行了研究,发现在低温下,电化学反应形成了致密的结晶,很难形成颗粒状的活性物质和分布均匀的孔隙,产生的应力无法释放;低温下化成的极板内部和极板外部的成分差异很大,也是产生应力的因素之一,这些应力导致了极板的变形。[英文文摘]During battery production at low temperature, buckling phenomenon of positive plates often appeared due to the formation of plates. Research showed that electrochemical reaction formed the dense crystals at low temperature. It is difficult to form the granular active materials and uniform distributed porosity, so that the resulted stress could not be released. During formation at low temperature, the difference of components between the internal and external plates was remarkable. This was also one of the factors of resulting in stress which lead to the deformation of plates

Simulation on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Behaviors of Nanosized PMMA/Ag Core-Shell Structure

应用米氏理论,对银膜包覆PMMA纳米核壳结构的局域表面等离激元共振行为进行了模拟计算,研究了颗粒尺寸、核壳比等参数对纳米核壳结构局域表面等离激元共振消光光谱的影响;同时将其与实心银纳米球的局域表面等离激元共振光谱行为进行了比较。结果表明,相对于实心银纳米球,银膜包覆PMMA纳米核壳结构的共振峰位更加红移,且共振峰的宽度更窄。这些性能上的提高,是由于纳米PMMA介质核的存在减弱了电子云振荡过程中的滞后效应,利于化学生物传感器方面的应用。Localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) spectrum behaviors of PMMA/Ag core-shell nanoparticles are extensively and systematically simulated by a calculation method based on Mie theory.Through the simulation calculation,the dependence of the LSPR behaviors of the core-shell nanoparticle on nanoparticle size,ratio of the radius of PMMA core to the thickness of Ag shell,and some other factors is studied.Furthermore,LSPR behaviors of Ag nanoparticles are simulated as well for comparison.The simulation results show that the nanosized PMMA dielectric core can weaken the retardation effects in the process of free electron resonance in the Ag nanoshell.Thus,compared with the LSPR of Ag nanoparticles,the position of the LSPR peak of the PMMA/Ag core-shell nanoparticles has an even more obvious red shift and the width of the LSPR becomes even narrower.Such simulation results indicate that the core-shell nanoparticles would have more advantages over Ag nanoparticles for potential applications of future chemical and biological nanosensors.国家科技计划国际科技合作与交流专项(2008DFA51230);国家973计划(2007CB936603);国家自然科学基金(11074207;50861007)资助课

Morphological and molecular evidences of Aequorea taiwanensis n. sp. from Taiwan Strait,with mtCOI sequence analysis for genus Aequorea

【中文摘要】 报道了中国台湾海峡多管水母属一新种——台湾多管水母(Aequorea taiwanensis n.sp.),详细描述其形态特征,并基于线粒体COI基因片段序列,比较、分析了该新种和乳突多管水母、锥状多管水母的序列差异及遗传距离。形态学和分子学数据都支持台湾多管水母为多管水母属有效种。3种多管水母mtCOI基因片断序列在种间存在明显的多态性,3种多管水母的种间序列差异为9.10%~11.9%,种间遗传距离为0.097~0.130,说明该基因片段适用于多管水母属种、种以下阶元及地理种群甄别和种间系统进化学分析。结合其他学者研究结果,认为mtCOI序列差异10%~20%可以作为多管水母属及其他水螅水母纲动物同属种间差异的标准。 【英文摘要】 Aequorea taiwanensis n.sp., a new species of Aequorea: from Minnan-Taiwan Shoal fishing ground upwelling region was described in this paper. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene fragments of A. taiwanensis, A. papillata and A. conica was successfully amplified by universal primers, and obtained 538 bp sequences. Sequence divergence and genetic distance was analysed based on the mtCOI gene sequences. Both morphological and molecular data supported that A. taiwanensis n.sp is a valid specie..

Aequorea taiwanensis n. sp (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae) and mtCOI sequence analysis for the genus Aequorea

Aequorea taiwanensis, a new hydrozoan species from the Taiwan Strait Was described using Morphological and molecular characteristics. Both morphological and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) data supported A. taiwanensis n. sp. as a valid species. Sequence divergence and genetic distance of A. taiwanensis n. sp., A. papillata and A. conica were analysed based oil the mtCOI gene sequences. The mtCOI sequences from these three species of the genus Aequorea showed high variation frequency, with sequence divergences ranging from 9. 10% to 11. 9%, and pairwise genetic distances ranging from 0. 097 to 0. 130. MtCOI sequence analysis provided diagnostic molecular systematic characteristics for accurate identification and discrimination of the species of Aequorea or their populations, and will be used to resolve evolutionary relationships among them. It was Suggested that 10%-20% pairwise mtCOI sequence differences indicated the species-level divergence among congeneric species in the Hydromedusae

草炭绿化荒漠

1993-1996年与日本草炭研究会开始“草炭绿化荒漠”的研究工作,1997-2000年开始执行中日政府间JICA合作研究,1998年9月-2001年9月开始中国科学院重大国际合作特别支持项目。该项目以中国科学院阜康荒漠生态试验站为基地,利用草炭改良荒漠,寻求绿化荒漠的新方法、新技术,改善干旱区环境为目的。研究包括草炭的基本性质、土壤-植物系统与水份关系、草炭改土效果、草炭制剂的研究制、草炭利用新技术、草炭的土壤中分解速率和利用年限、草炭绿化荒漠机理等。研制的“草炭土壤调理剂”获发明专利,该制剂可为作物提供全方位的水份和养份供应,为有机肥工业化提供了良好前景;研究方法上采用了盆栽、小区和同位素..

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials