中国传统坩埚炼铅技术初探

坩埚炼铅法是中国传统炼铅技术中一种特别的冶炼方法,即在坩埚中用铁从硫化铅中还原出铅。本文梳理有关坩埚炼铅的文献资料,详细介绍该技术的冶炼过程,包括炉子的建造、坩埚的制作、配料、冶炼操作和金银的提取。另外,对近年来发现的两处古代坩埚炼铅遗址出土的坩埚和炉渣进行科学检测,以复原当时的技术。并与蒸馏法炼锌、坩埚炼铁等中国传统坩埚冶炼技术作比较,阐述坩埚炼铅的技术特征

Study no the Nutritional Value of theHousefly Larva Fed with Pig Manure

目的 :分析猪粪饲养家蝇 (Muscadomestica)幼虫的营养成分。方法 :引种野生家蝇 ,用猪粪饲养幼虫 ,收获 3期老熟幼虫 ,测定粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸和脂肪酸构成及微量元素含量 ,用粮食与农业组织 世界卫生组织 (FAO WHO)提出的参考蛋白模式评价 ,并与麦麸饲养的幼虫及鱼粉比较。结果 :每公斤猪粪平均可产(0 13± 0 0 4)～ (0 2 0± 0 12 )kg鲜蛆 ,鲜蛆烘干比为 1∶0 31± 0 12 ,粗蛋白 42 36 %～ 5 2 33 % ,必须氨基酸含量占总氨基酸的 45 10 % (E % ) ,必须氨基酸与非必需氨基酸总量的比值 (E/N)为 0 82 ,E % /T为 3 0 1,脂肪酸含量为 13 73 %～ 16 83 % ,油酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸等必需脂肪酸分别为 36 99% ,7 6 1%和 0 35 % ,Fe 2 91 5mg/kg ,Cu 87 5 5mg/kg ,Zn 2 46 8mg/kg ,Mn 2 49 45mg/kg ,比麦麸饲养幼虫更接近参考蛋白模式 ,营养价值优于鱼粉。结论 :猪粪饲养的家蝇幼虫比麦麸饲养的幼虫更接近参考蛋白模式 ,营养价值优于鱼粉Objective:To evaluate the nutritional value of the housefly larva (Musca domestica) fed with pig manure. Methods: The composition of the protein, fat, amino acids, and trace elements of the larva was studied according to the protein reference modal of FAO WHO, with controls of fish meal and the larva fed with wheat bran. Results: 1?kg pig manure could produce (0.13±0.04)-(0.20±0.12)kg fresh larva,1kg fresh larva could make (0.31±0.12)?kg larva powder. The crud protein was 42.36%-52.33%, the essential amino acids(E%) account for 45.57%, E/N (nonessential amino acids)0.83, E%/T(T=3)3.04. The fat was 13.73%-16.83%, among which, the oleic acid, linolic acid and linolenic acid(essential fatty acids) were 36.99%,7 61% and 0 35% respectively. Fe was 291 5?mg/kg, Cu 87.55 mg/kg, Zn 246.8 mg/kg, Mn249 45 mg/kg. The nutritional value of the larva fed with pig manure was closer to the reference modal than with wheat bran and better than fish meal. Conclusion: The nutritional value of the larva fed with pig manure was as good as with wheat bran, and pig manure could be used to feed the housefly larva and produce excellent animal protein.厦门市科委基金资助项目 (市长基金

The Effects of Fresh Maggots Replacing Domestically-made Fish Meal as Fodder Content on Egg Production of Hu-Line Brown Laying Hens

目的 :观察猪粪饲养的蝇蛆替代国产鱼粉作饲料对海兰棕壳蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响。方法 :用猪粪饲养蝇蛆 ,收集 3龄鲜蛆直接替代国产鱼粉饲养 4 0周龄海兰棕壳蛋鸡 ,设不同量鲜蛆替代组和鱼粉对照组 ,观察蛋鸡的日平均产蛋率、日平均产蛋量和平均蛋重 ,记录饲料消耗量和蛋鸡死亡数 ,用SPSS统计软件分析结果。结果 :用鲜蛆蛋白半量替代饲养蛋鸡 ,蛋鸡产蛋能力优于常量国产鱼粉蛋白饲养 ,用鲜蛆等量和低于半量鱼粉蛋白量饲养蛋鸡 ,能取得与常量鱼粉蛋白相同的饲养效果。用猪粪饲养的鲜蛆直接饲养蛋鸡不会增加疫病的发生。结论 :鲜蛆饲养海兰棕壳蛋鸡的产蛋性能优于国产鱼粉 ,可不经消毒直接饲养蛋鸡Objective:To observe the effeets of fresh maggots replacing domestically made fish meal as fodder contant on egg production of Hu line brown laying hens.Methods:Replacing domestically made fish meal in diet of 40 week old hens with fresh maggots cultivated in pig manure at different amounts and observations were made on egg production,including the average egg laying rate per day,the average egg production rate per hen on per day, and the average weight of each egg.The data recorded were compared with those of hens reared with regular fish meal and analyzed with SPSS statistically.Results:Using maggot replacement,especially,when half protein amount was replaced,better egg peoduction was obtained,comparing with the regularily reared hens.The usage of maggots that had not been washed or sterilized didn't cause any disease of hens.Conclusion:Rearing Hu line Brown laying hens with maggots cultivated in pig manure could get better results than rearing with domestically made fish meal.These maggots could be used directly without washing or sterilization.国家自然科学基金资助 (39970 0 87) ;; 厦门市科委基金资助 (市长基金 )项

Chemical constituents from root of Angelica decursiva

采用HP20大孔吸附树脂、ODS、硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex; LH-20柱色谱和半制备HPLC等色谱分离手段对紫花前胡的化学成分进行研究。结合理化性质及MS,NMR等谱学数据鉴定化合物的结构,从紫花前胡80; %乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了12个化合物,分别是(9R,10R)-9-acetoxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2H,8; H-benzo[1,2-b: 3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-10-yl; ester(1)、补骨脂呋喃香豆精(2)、顺式-3',4'-二千里光酰基-3',4'-二氢邪蒿内酯(3)、(3'R,4'R)-3'-angelo; yloxy-4'-senecioyloxy-3',4'-dihydroseselicalipteryxin(4 )、(+; )-8,9-dihydro-8-(2-hydro-xypropan-2-yl)-2-oxo-2H-furo[2,3h]chromen-9-yl-; 3-methylbut-2-enoate(5)、libanoridin(6)、丝立尼亭(7)、花椒素(8)、crocatone(9)、peuja; ponisinol B(10)、peujaponisinol A(11)、ostenol(12)。其中,化合物1 ~; 5为首次从当归属植物中分离得到,化合物7 ~ 12为首次从紫花前胡中分离得到。The compounds were isolated and purified by HP20 macroporous adsorption; resin,ODS,silica gel,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,as well as; semi-preparative HPLC chromatography from the 80% ethanol extract of the; root of Angelica decursiva, and their structures were identified based; on their physiochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Twelve; compounds were structures were identified as; (9R,10R)-9-acetoxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:; 3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-10-yl ester (1),bakuchicin; (2),(3',S,4'S)-disenecioyloxy-3',4'-dihydroseselin; (3),(3'R,4'R)-3'-angeloyloxy-4'-senecioyloxy-3',4'-dihydroseselincalipte; ryxin (4),(+; )-8,9-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-oxo-2H-furo[2,3h]chromen-9-yl-3; -methylbut-2-enoate (5),libanoridin (6),selinidin (7),suberosin; (8),crocatone (9),peujaponisinol B (10),peujaponisinol A (11),and; ostenol (12),respectively. Compounds 1-5 were isolated from the plants; of Angelica genus for the first time. Compounds 7-12 were isolated from; A. decursiva for the first time

Development of New Coatings for Solid Phase Microextraction

作为一种样品前处理方法的固相微萃取(SOlId PHASE MICrOEXTrACTIOn,SPME)技术,具有操作方便、快速、灵敏和无需大量有机溶剂的优点,因此在分离分析方面得到了广泛的应用。涂层是SPME技术的核心部分,其性能决定了SPME的性能和应用范围,因此发展新型涂层一直是SPME研究和应用工作的重点。近年来随着涂层材料制备技术的发展,出现了一些新型涂层。这些新型涂层的出现进一步拓宽了SPME技术的应用范围。本文综述了近三年来SPME涂层的研究进展,并着重介绍新型涂层的制备方法和性质。As a kind of sampling preparation method,solid phase microextraction (SPME) has many advantages such as simplicity,versatility,sensitivity and solvent free.It has gained widespread acceptance in separation and analysis.As the key factor of the SPME technique,coatings on SPME fiber determine the performance and application of SPME technique.Consequently,developing new coatings is the most important work for SPME.With the development of preparation methods of SPME coatings,many new coatings have appeared in recent years,and these new coatings expand the application fields of SPME technique.This review summaries the development of new SPME coatings in the past three years,and mainly focuses on the preparation methods and properties of new SPME coatings.福建省科技重点项目(No.2007Y0032)资

Studies on Trematodes of Plagiorchidae from Henan Province

2003~2006年通过对河南省9个产地2科4属7种59只蝙蝠的消化道进行调查,发现斜睾科斜睾属吸虫2种:朝鲜斜睾吸虫Plagiorchis koreanus Ogata,1938和蝙蝠斜睾吸虫Plagiorchis vespertilionis(Mǖller,1780)Braun,1900。前者在宿主中的感染率为25.42%(15/59),感染强度为1~17条,平均感染强度是4.87条;后者在宿主中的感染率为3.39%(2/59),感染强度为2~7条,平均感染强度是4.50条。朝鲜斜睾吸虫和蝙蝠斜睾吸虫是河南省蝙蝠寄生虫的首次报道。Fifty-nine specimens in seven bats species,which belonging to four genera,two families,were captured from August 2003 to December 2005.Two species of trematodes,Plagiorchis koreanus Ogata,1938 and Plagiorchis vespertilionis(Müller,1780)Braun,1900,belonging to the genus Plagiorchis were obtained from the intestine of bats collected at nine localities of Henan Province.The prevalence of P.koreanus were 25.42%(15/59),of P.vespertilionis were 3.39%(15/59).The infection intensity and the mean intensity of P.koreanus were 1-17 and 4.87 individuals,respectively,of P.vespertilionis were 2-7 and 4.50 individuals,respectively.P.koreanus and P.vespertilionis were first recorded from Henan Province

Influencing Factors on Elders Preference for Supporting: Application of an adaptive LASSO logistic Model

目的探讨adaptive LASSO; logistic回归模型在老年人养老意愿影响因素研究中的应用。方法基于厦门市60岁及以上老年人口的多阶段整群抽样调查数据,建立老年人养老意愿影响; 因素的adaptive LASSO; logistic回归模型,通过交叉验证法选择模型中的调和参数lambda;通过与全变量和逐步logistic回归结果的比较,探讨adaptive; LASSO; logistic回归模型的优势。结果共纳入1244名老年人,其养老意愿为家庭养老、社区居家养老和机构养老的比例分别为70.0%、21.1%和8.; 9%。交叉验证法选择的lambda为0.018;此时adaptive LASSO; logistic回归模型纳入的自变量为居住地、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、子女数、每月退休金收入、公费医疗和住院情况;; BIC和AIC分别为1931、1888,均低于全变量logistic回归(2077、1923)和逐步logistic回归(2025、1912); 。结论adaptive LASSO logistic回归模型可用于老年人养老意愿影响因素研究。老年人的养老意愿受多个因素影响。Objective This study was aimed to analyze influencing factors on elders; preference for supporting in case to provide evidence for diversified; elderly supporting. Methods This article applied an adaptive LASSO; logistic model to the multi-stage cluster sampling data of the; population aged 60 or older in Xiamen to analyze influencing factors on; elders preference for supporting. Cross validation method was used to; choose lambda for adaptive LASSO logistic model. In addition,we; evaluated the model fitting of adaptive LASSO logistic model by; comparing the BIC and AIC with full logistic model and stepwise logistic; model. Results The cross validation method resulted in lambda = 0.018; for adaptive LASSO logistic model, in which variables retained were; residence, age,marital status, education level,number of children, the; monthly pension income,medical insurance and hospitalization. BIC of; adaptive LASSO logistic model,full logistic model and stepwise logistic; model were 1931, 2077and 2025 respectively. And AIC of the three models; were 1888, 1923 and 1912 respectively. Conclusion Compared to full; logistic model and stepwise logistic model, adaptive LASSO logistic; model was the best fitting model for influencing factors on elders; preference for supporting. Adaptive LASSO logistic model could be used; to analyze influencing factors on elders preference for supporting.; There were multiple factors which influenced elders preference for; supporting.厦门大学大学生创新创业训练计划项

Advances in Electrospinning Technology for Preparing Nanofibers

通过对近年来大量相关文献进行分析,在介绍最新静电纺丝技术的同时,归纳出静电纺丝技术制造纳米纤维发展的两个方向,即微观控制方向与宏观制造方向.指出微观方向发展主要集中在如何提高纳米线的定位精度与纤维均一性等微观指标的控制;宏观方向上将聚焦于如何提高纺丝效率以及丝线有序性收集等关键问题上,为静电纺丝技术进一步发展提供了新的思路.Based on the analysis of much related literature in recent years,it introduces some of the latest technologies.Meanwhile,it sums up the development of nano-fibers in the two directions,micro-direction and macro-direction.In the micro-direction,more studies will focus on improving positioning accuracy,micro-fiber uniformity and so on.In the maro-direction,spinning efficiency and orderly collection will be emphasized.This study provides a new way of thinking for further development of electrospinning technology.国家自然科学基金资助项目(E051005);广东省自然科学基金资助项目(S2011040004079);广东工业大学博士启动基金资助项目(113010);广东省引进创新科研团队资助;广东省微纳加工技术与装备重点实验室资

钉螺感染目平外睾吸虫的分泌物及其对杀灭不同时间再感染日本血吸虫幼虫的进一步观察

目的湖北钉螺(Oncomelania hupensis)先感染目平外睾吸虫(Exorchis mupingensis)虫卵后,再间隔不同时间感染日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)毛蚴,观察螺体分泌物的强度对血吸虫幼虫损害和被杀灭情况的关系。方法钉螺感染目平外睾吸虫后分别于21d、37d、55d、70d和85d再感染血吸虫毛蚴。钉螺经双重感染后4-82d,作钉螺整体连续埋蜡切片、染色制片和全片观察,并记录血吸虫幼虫残体数。结果与结论单独感染外睾吸虫的钉螺,和两吸虫感染间隔时间为21-85d的钉螺,螺体都产生大量血淋巴细胞和分泌物,它们会围攻再侵入的日本血吸虫早期幼虫并侵入其体内,血吸虫幼虫结构发生异常、停止发育直至死亡。两种吸虫双重感染的间隔时间愈长,螺体血淋巴细胞数随时间增加而逐渐减少;而螺体分泌物不断增多,并见于血吸虫幼虫残骸内,螺体攻击血吸虫幼虫的效力愈强。这现象在单独感染日本血吸虫的钉螺体内未见到。国家自然科学基金(No:31270938)资助~