离子液体电沉积制备纳米铝技术的研究与应用

阐述了纳米铝的性质特点及传统制备方法的局限性,系统讨论了离子液体在低温电沉积制备纳米铝方面的研究进展,并介绍该技术在光亮铝镀层中的应用情况。在此基础上,通过分析证明,离子液体具有优良的物理化学性质,非常适用于纳米铝的制备,反应过程效率高、温度低、能耗低、污染小,技术发展前景广阔。未来应继续优化离子液体结构,深入探索电沉积反应的微观机理,建立更为完善的调控方法,促进技术的工业化进程。</p

培养一种海洋绿藻积累淀粉

Starch constitutes a major carbon sink for CO2 fixation during the process of photosynthesis of microalgae. Some microalgae, primarily green algae, have been proved to accumulate large amount of intracellular starch under stress conditions. It is strikingly valuable and important for production of algal-derived starch in large scale to meet the demand for renewable and clean energy (bioethanol, bio-hydrogen, etc.). A marine green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis was investigated its growth as well as intracellular starch accumulation in a 10L flat airlift photobioreactor (420×80×500 mm) with inside channel under continuous illumination (120~250 μ mol E &#8226; m-2 &#8226; s-1) at 30℃. 3% CO2- rich air was compressed into the photobioreactor to reach the aeration of 0.125 VVM. The results showed that under nitrogen limiting condition (1.18 mmol/L initial NO3-), T. subcordiformis was able to accumulate starch from initially 20% (dry weight based) to more than 50% within five days. The decline of chlorophyll florescence dynamics parameters might be attributed to the starch accumulation under the photosynthetic stressed condition

基于改进变分模态分解的齿轮点蚀故障诊断

针对齿轮点蚀故障特征难以提取的问题，提出了一种基于改进变分模态分解的齿轮点蚀故障诊断方法。利用经验模态分解自适应分解的特点，将各分量的能量占比作为有效分量的判断依据，并据此设定变分模态分解算法的模态个数，在此基础上，以变分模态分解分量的排列熵和最小值作为适应度函数，用遗传算法对惩罚因子进行搜索；根据所得结果设置变分模态分解参数，并对齿轮点蚀信号进行处理；筛选合适的本征模态函数进行包络调解，通过包络谱图分析齿轮点蚀故障的特征信息。对齿轮实验信号的分析表明，与现有方法相比，本文中提出的改进变分模态分解算法能够更加准确地识别出齿轮点蚀故障，在传动系统故障诊断方面具有一定实用价值

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials