2002–2010年中国典型生态系统辐射及光能利用效率数据集

辐射是陆地生态系统能量的主要来源,其利用效率表现为光能利用率,反映了生态系统转化光能、生成有机物质的能力。揭示典型生态系统的辐射及光能利用效率可以为评估区域光能资源及其利用效率提供参考,也为评估区域有机物质固定能力及碳吸收能力提供依据。基于中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究联盟(China FLUX)的长期观测结果及已发表文献的公开数据,构建了2002–2010年中国典型生态系统辐射及光能利用效率数据集,包含51个生态系统126个站点年辐射、光能利用效率及吸收光能利用效率的观测记录。另外,本数据集还包含生态系统代码、年份、经度、纬度、海拔、生态系统类型、年均气温、年总降水量、年均CO2质量浓度、年均叶面积指数、最大叶面积指数等生物气候信息。本数据集可以为评估生态系统生产能力、应对气候变化等方面的研究提供数据支持

小角度范围内弱束缚核~(17)F弹性散射微分截面的奇异行为(英文)

在兰州放射性束流线(RIBLL)上完成了17F／17O+208Pb的弹性散射微分截面角分布测量．分析了17F／17O弹性散射产物微分截面的对数(ln(dσ／dθ))随散射角平方(θ2)的依赖关系．结果表明,在所测量的角度范围内(6°-20°),17O的这一依赖关系可以用一条直线很好地拟合,而17F的这一依赖关系需要两条不同斜率的直线才能拟合．17F数据拟合中的这种斜率改变可能起因于17F的奇异结构．对其他实验组数据的分析支持以上的结论,即在一定的角度范围内,弱束缚核与稳定核相比,弹性散射产物微分截面的对数与散射角平方的依赖关系有明显的差异,这可以作为深入研究“晕核”和“皮核”的一个新探针

2000–2010年中国典型陆地生态系统实际蒸散量和水分利用效率数据集

蒸散是陆地生态系统水分循环和能量平衡的关键过程,水分利用效率是反映生态系统碳水循环间耦合关系的重要指标,二者在生态学、农学、水文学、气候学等多个学科中均具有重要的应用价值。涡度相关法被认为是现今唯一能直接测量生物圈与大气间物质与能量交换通量的标准方法,已成为生态系统尺度碳水交换通量观测的主要方法。本文通过整合中国陆地生态系统通量观测联盟(China FLUX)的长期观测数据和中国区域其他观测站点基于涡度相关法发表的文献数据,构建了一套中国典型陆地生态系统实际蒸散量和水分利用效率数据集。本数据集共有实际蒸散量数据记录143条、水分利用效率数据记录96条,涉及5种生态系统类型45个生态系统,时间跨度为2000–2010年。本数据集可以为陆地生态系统碳水循环、生态系统管理和评估、全球变化等相关领域的研究提供数据支持

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials