Structure characteristics of core bacterial communities in surface sediments and analysis on their responses to environmental factors in the inlet of Bohai Bay

[Background] In recent years, the increasingly polluted environment of Bohai Bay has impacted the sustainability of offshore ecosystems. [Objective] To explore the distribution characteristics of bacterial communities in surface sediments and their response to environmental factors, we selected surface sediment samples from 21 stations for study. [Methods] We investigated the microbial community structure by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina HiSeq 2500. Bacterial community composition, spatial distribution characteristics and environmental factors were combined and analyzed in an attempt to understand the key interactions. [Results] The 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis indicated that the most common phyla that were widely distributed in the 21 sites were: Proteobacteria (56.8%), Acidobacteria (8.9%), Chloroflexi (8.1%), Bacteroidetes (6.2%). Moreover, γ- Proteobacteria and δ- Proteobacteria were the most dominant classes in Proteobacteria. Total organic carbon and total organic nitrogen content in the near shore sediments is high due to the input of anthropogenic materia and gradually decreased offshore. The most significant influence on species composition and community structure within the study area were found to be from particle size (content<4 μm) and organic nitrogen load. [Conclusion] The microbial diversity in the inlet of Bohai Bay is very high and is significantly related to a variety of environmental parameters. Human activities play an important role in structuring the microbial diversity, community structure and distribution

烟气自循环燃气旋流燃烧器结构特性数值研究

采用数值模拟对自行设计的烟气自循环燃气燃烧器的结构特性进行了研究,着重考察燃烧器结构参数对烟气自循环的影响。结果表明:增加混合管截面积可以提高该燃烧器的引射烟气性能,增加自循环烟气量;混合管扩张角对引射烟气流量比的影响是与混合管尺寸密切相关,在混合管直径较小时,引射烟气流量比呈现出先增加后减小的趋势;在混合管直径较大时,引射烟气流量比持续降低。总之,圆锥混合管的较佳截面比为6.25~9.00,较合适的扩张角为5.7~14.0°

二次风率对烟气自循环燃气燃烧器性能的影响

分别采用粒子成像测速(PIV)和数值模拟对自行设计的烟气自循环燃气燃烧器的冷态流场结构进行了研究,并模拟了燃烧器的热态燃烧特性。结果表明:二次风率是影响燃烧室内部速度分布及流动特性的一个重要因素,在较小的二次风率时,一次旋流空气旋流作用相对强烈,中心区域的轴向速度和径向速度均较高;燃烧器出口速度随轴向距离的增加逐渐衰减,在下游区域存在一个速度发散区;随着二次风率的增加,烟气的自循环倍率增加,燃烧室内的高温区域变小,NOx的排放量也随之减小;采用烟气自循环使得燃烧器NOx含量显著降低

基于SE-YOLOv5s的绝缘子检测

在电力系统需要巡检的大环境下，人工巡检的传统方式存在很大不便和安全隐患，而采用无人机的目标检测方法在绝缘子检测识别方向有很大的应用前景。针对绝缘子图像检测中存在的场景复杂、视角多变、设备计算能力受限等问题，提出了一种改进的轻量级SE-YOLOv5s卷积神经网络来实现对绝缘子的快速目标检测，该方法首先在YOLOv5s网络中融合SE注意力模块，以强化网络对绝缘子目标的辨识能力，随后采用K-means聚类方法构建绝缘子的先验框，以提升定位精度，最后构造置信度与定位任务联合的损失函数，并引入 Mosaic 数据增强策略训练网络，有效解决训练数据不足的问题。经过实验验证发现，与主流目标检测方法相比，提出的SE-YOLOv5s方法在绝缘子检测准确率、召回率、检测速度及平均精度均值等性能指标上均取得了较好的结果。实验结果表明，该网络对于绝缘子检测有很好的效果，具有更好的鲁棒性，对电力系统的巡检方式具有参考价值

Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: In most western industrialised countries, second generation (atypical) antipsychotics are recommended as first line drug treatments for people with schizophrenia. In this review we specifically examine how the efficacy and tolerability of one such agent - aripiprazole - differs from that of other comparable second generation antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of aripiprazole compared with other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2011), inspected references of all identified studies for further trials, and contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies, drug approval agencies and authors of trials for additional information. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing aripiprazole (oral) with oral and parenteral forms of amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychoses. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random-effects model. Where possible, we calculated illustrative comparative risks for primary outcomes. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model. We assessed risk of bias for each included study. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials involving 6389 patients. Aripiprazole was compared to olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. All trials were sponsored by an interested drug manufacturer. The overall number of participants leaving studies early was 30% to 40%, limiting validity (no differences between groups).When compared with olanzapine no differences were apparent for global state (no clinically important change: n = 703, 1 RCT, RR short-term 1.00 95% CI 0.81 to 1.22; n = 317, 1 RCT, RR medium-term 1.08 95% CI 0.95 to 1.22) but mental state tended to favour olanzapine (n = 1360, 3 RCTs, MD total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 4.68 95% CI 2.21 to 7.16). There was no significant difference in extrapyramidal symptoms (n = 529, 2 RCTs, RR 0.99 95% CI 0.62 to 1.59) but fewer in the aripiprazole group had increased cholesterol levels (n = 223, 1 RCT, RR 0.32 95% CI 0.19 to 0.54) or weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight (n = 1095, 3 RCTs, RR 0.39 95% CI 0.28 to 0.54).When compared with risperidone, aripiprazole showed no advantage in terms of global state (n = 384, 2 RCTs, RR no important improvement 1.14 95% CI 0.81 to 1.60) or mental state (n = 372, 2 RCTs, MD total PANSS 1.50 95% CI -2.96 to 5.96).One study compared aripiprazole with ziprasidone (n = 247) and both the groups reported similar change in the global state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD average change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score -0.03 95% CI -0.28 to 0.22) and mental state (n = 247, 1 RCT, MD change PANSS -3.00 95% CI -7.29 to 1.29).When compared with any one of several new generation antipsychotic drugs the aripiprazole group showed improvement in global state in energy (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.69 95% CI 0.56 to 0.84), mood (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.77 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92), negative symptoms (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.82 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99), somnolence (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93) and weight gain (n = 523, 1 RCT, RR 0.84 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94). Significantly more people given aripiprazole reported symptoms of nausea (n = 2881, 3 RCTs, RR 3.13 95% CI 2.12 to 4.61) but weight gain (7% or more of total body weight) was less common in people allocated aripiprazole (n = 330, 1 RCT, RR 0.35 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64). Aripiprazole may have value in aggression but data are limited. This will be the focus of another review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Information on all comparisons are of limited quality, are incomplete and problematic to apply clinically. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug with a variant but not absent adverse effect profile. Long-term data are sparse and there is considerable scope for another update of this review as new data emerges from the many Chinese studies as well as from ongoing larger, independent pragmatic trials