把握机遇转变观念全面推进学校的改革和发展

把握机遇转变观念全面推进学校的改革和发展厦门大学校长□林祖赓改革开放以来，我国高等教育事业取得了可喜成绩，高校跨世纪的改革和发展具备了良好的内在基础和外部环境，特别是党的十五大更为高校开创新局面指明了方向。从我们厦门大学情况看，近几年的改革也在稳步推..

Investigations of electrochemical performance of copper coated AB 5 type metal hydride electrodes

通过改变处理溶液中铜的含量和PH值等包覆条件，考查了Ab5型贮氢合金酸性包覆铜处理方法和相应金属氢化物电极的放电性能。研究表明该方法具有经济易操作的特点，处理溶液的PH值对铜包覆速度和电极初期放电性能有很大影响。通过循环伏安实验和紫外可见光谱技术研究了包覆铜层的稳定性，实验结果表明电极表面包覆层能通过形成氧化物，以CuO2-2的形式溶解到电解液中，并且溶解在电解液中的铜离子对氧化镍正极的电极性能产生不良影响。The coating conditions of copper on AB 5 type hydrogen storage alloy and the electrochemical performance of copper coated metal hydride electrodes have been investigated through changing the concentration of copper ions and pH value of the treatment solution.The results showed that the copper coating treatment improved the initial electrochemical performance of metal hydride electrodes,and the pH value of treatment solution was important to increase the coating rate of copper and improve the initial discharging behavior of electrodes.Furthermore,the stability of copper coated layer on metal hydride electrode also have been studied with the help of cyclic voltammetry and UV visible spectrophotometer.It was demonstrated that the copper coated layer was oxidized and dissolved into the electrolyte in the form of cupric oxide,and the redox behavior of nickel hydroxide/oxyhydroxide electrode is affected by the copper ions dissolved in the electrolyte.国家“863”计划;国家自然科学基

Investigation on degradation of storage characteristics of Ni MH batteries

考察了国产金属氢化物-镍电池充放电性能以及电池内阻、隔膜电阻和充电过程中产气量等参数随电池储存时间的变化。通过SEM和XPS分析了电极和隔膜表面形貌及组成的改变，初步讨论了国产电池储存性能下降的原因。结果表明，随着储存期延长，电池放电容量，尤其1.1A电流下放电容量衰退较大，内阻及隔膜电阻增大，充电过程中电池内产气量剧增时间提前，同时正极膨胀变形，隔膜纤维变粗，孔隙减小，且有杂质嵌入，负极表面有氟元素富集。另外，负极表面的氧化作用随储存期延长而加强Changes in the charging discharging perFormance of the Ni MH batteries made in China and related parameters such as internal impedance, gas evolution volume of the battteries during charging process and separator resistance in diFFerent periods of storage are investigated in this paper. The surFace morphology and composition changes of the electrodes and separators have been analyzed through SEM and XPS technique. The reasons For degradation of storage characteristics of the batteries are discussed. The results show that, with increase in storage period, the discharge capacity, especially when discharging current is 1.1A, degrades seriously, the internal resistance of batteries and separator resistance increase, the gas evolution becomes serious, the positive electrode materials and the separator Fiber swell and deForm, the holes of separator become smaller with impurities in it and with the increase of the storage period the oxidation on negative electrode is strengthened.国家“863”计划资助项

Electrochemical oxidation of isopropanol on Pt microdisc electrode

采用微电极伏安技术，研究异丙醇在PT微盘电极（rd＝10μM）上氧化的稳态和暂态的电化学行为，得出一系列重要的动力学参数：异丙醇氧化反应的反应电子数n为1.95，扩散系数d为3.22x10-5CM2/S，传递系数β值为0.12，电极体系的交换电流密度J0为3.0x10-4A/CM2，标准速度常数kS为1.60x10-4CM/S。由计算结果我们可以推测，异丙醇在PT微盘电极上酸性水溶液体系中的氧化过程由稳态传质扩散及电化学极化联合控制，其中，异丙醇分子到电极表面的扩散吸附为快速步骤，吸附的异丙醇分子在电极表面脱氢为慢步骤；异丙醇在PT微盘电极上的电化学氧化为异丙醇脱氢生成丙酮的2电子转移反应，并由此推测其可能的反应途径。The　stable　and　transient　electrochemical　behavior　of　isopropanol　oxidation　on　Pt　microdisc　electrode(rd=10μm)　were　investigated　by　voltammetric　microelectrode　technique.A　series　of　an　important　dynamic　parameters　were　obtained:n=1.95,D=3.22×10-5cm2/s,β=0.12,J0=3.0×10-4A/cm2,Ks=1.60×10-4cm/s(n——number　of　electrons　involved　in　oxidation　process;D——diffusion　coefficient;β——transfer　coefficient;J0——exchange　current　density;Ks——standard　rate　constant).From　the　results,it　can　be　considered　that　the　processes　of　isopropanol　oxidation　on　Pt　microdisc　electrode　in　the　acidic　aqueous　solution　were　simultaneously　controlled　by　steady　state　mass　transfer　diffusion　and　electrochemical　polarization.In　the　case　of　the　processes　of　isopropanol　diffuses　and　absorbs　to　the　surface　of　electrode　are　fast　step,and　the　processes　of　the　absorbed　isopropanol　dehydrogenate　on　the　surface　of　the　electrode　are　slow　step.The　results　show　that　the　main　oxidation　reaction　is　a　two　electrons　transfer　reaction　of　isopropanol　hydrogenation　to　acetone.The　probable　electrochemical　oxidation　mechanism　were　proposed

Study on carbon negative electrode for lithium ion batteries

综述了目前常用的锂离子碳负极材料的研究概况，并且按碳材料的石墨化程度不同对其进行分类，具体阐述了多种锂离子电池碳负极材料的特点及其制备方法。同时还简述了锂离子在碳材料中的几种嵌入机理，综合讨论了这几种嵌入机理的优缺点。通过对碳材料的循环伏安性质、充放电性质、电容量、可逆性及结构特征的比较，介绍了不同结构的锂离子电池碳负极材料的嵌锂特性。This paper reviews the research status of all kinds of carbon materials for lithium ion batteries in the present.The properties and the producing ways of carbon materials for lithium ion batteries are described in this paper according to their graphitization degrees.By the way,it also outlines several mechanisms for lithium insertion in the carbon materials,and comprehensively discusses the excellance and problems of these mechanisms.Through comparing the variation in performance of cyclic voltammetric and charge discharge processes,the character for capacity,reversibility and structure of carbon materials with each other,it introduces the lithium intercalation characteristics in carbon anode materials for lithium ion batteries with different structure.国家自然科学基

Method for Research on Performance of Intercalation of Li-ion in Carbon Materials

本文阐述了研究锂离子电池碳负极材料嵌锂行为的电化学、谱学的一般方法及所得到的一些结论,并且介绍了目前研究碳材料嵌锂行为的技术方法的进展。The electrochemistry and spectroscopy method for research on intercalation of Li -ion in carbon negative electrode for Li -ion batteries and a series of conclusions from these methods were outlined.It also introduces recent development of the techniqus in this field

Electrochemical property of spinel LiMn_2O_4 prepared by sol-gel method

利用循环伏安法 (CV )、恒流充放电、电化学阻抗谱 (EIS)等电化学手段研究了溶胶凝胶法制备的尖晶石型LiMn2 O4 的电化学性质。结果表明用溶胶凝胶法制备的样品放电容量大 ,可逆性好 ,其中 5 5 0℃煅烧的样品电化学性能最好 ;XRD结果表明 ,样品经过充放电 ,尖晶石结构仍保留 ,但出现深度放电产物Li2 Mn2 O4 。The electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn 2O 4 electrodes prepared by a sol gel method were studied by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge discharge and electrochemical impedance spectrum(EIS) techniques. The experimental results showed that the electrochemical performance of the samples prepared by sol gel method was better than that of the sample prepared by normal method. The electrochemical performance of the sample prepared by sol gel method at 550℃ showed the best electrochemical performance. After constant current charge discharge the spinel structures in all samples were reserved and deeply discharging product Li 2Mn 2O 4 was detected from XRD results.国家自然科学基金 ( 2 98330 90 );; “86 3”高技术发展计划 ( 715 -0 0 4-0 2 5 0

Recent progress of nano scale science and technology in chemical power sources

90年代纳米科学技术特别是纳米材料的应用已经扩展到化学电源领域。本文举例介绍了用于镍-碱性电池的纳米相氢氧化镍、Ab5型纳米晶态贮氢合金以及在锂离子电池中用作阴极材料的锰钡矿型MnO2纳米纤维、聚吡咯包覆尖晶石型lIMn2O4纳米管、聚吡咯/V2O5纳米复合材料，用作阳极材料的碳纳米管、纳米掺杂碳材料、纳米二氧化锡，用作固态电解质的纳米填料修饰聚氧乙烯基复合材料等几种新型纳米化学电源材料的制备、结构、形貌以及电化学性质，并且简要介绍了厦门大学化学电源研究中心纳米材料的研究进展。An increasing interest has been focused on nano scale science and technology in the field of chemical power sources.Some novel nano materials as well as synthesis methods have been prepared and designed.The synthesis methods,structure,morphological and electrochemical properties of several nano materials applied in Ni alkaline batteries and lithium ion batteries are reviewed in this papaer.The recent progress of nano materials in our chemical power sources research center is also reported.国家“863”高技术发展计划课题;中国大洋矿产资源研究开发课题;国家自然科学基金;福建省自然科学基

State-of-art of research on composite polymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries

介绍了可充锂电池用聚合物电解质的分类、优越性及其新进展。重点介绍了聚环氧乙烷(PEO)基复合聚合物电解质材料的研究现状,指出近年来纳米复合聚合物电解质的出现为可充锂电池的实用化提供了新的希望。此外,还讨论了纳米无机惰性填料在提高电解质电导率、改善锂/电解质界面稳定性及锂离子迁移数方面的作用机理。Classification, advantages and stateofart of research on polymer electrolyte for rechargeable Li batteries were introduced. The stateofart of research of composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) materials based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) were described emphatically. The development of nanosized CPE on the commercialization was also presented. Moreover, the mechanisms of improving the conductivity of electrolyte, modifying the stability of Li/electrolyte interface and enhancing the number of Liion transference with inorganic inert filler in nano size were discussed.国家杰出青年科学基金资助(29925310);; 教育部霍英东优秀年轻教师基金资助(71014

电化学调制时间分辨紫外可见光谱技术及其在电显色研究中的应用

七十年代发展起来的电化学现场(in situ)谱学技术将电化学学科的研究推向分子水平。随着研究深入到分子动态过程,时间分辨谱学技术愈显得重要。紫外可见光谱是检测含π电子、非键电子(如N,O,S,卤素原子)基因、无机配合物分子和电荷转移复合物分子的重要手段。包含这些基团的体系在电化学和生命科学中广泛存在,认识其动态行为意义重大。但目前快速扫描法测量一条紫外可见光谱,最快只能达5ms。近年来,发展起了一种新型光谱探测仪器——光多道分析仪(Optical Multichannel Analyzer,OMA)。其核心由自扫描光敏二极管列阵或光导摄象管构成,能够对多个检测通道(象元)同时完成光电转换。它具有测量速度快、灵敏度高的优势