Freeze Drying Of Sheep Milk: Calculating Process Duration

We have established the extremes for different forms of moisture binding as a parameter, characterizing the safety and quality of sheep milk products. Monomolecular adsorption area for the sheep milk produced in the South Kazakhstan Region is within the following water activity interval: 0.29<aw<0.38. As for the sheep milk produced in the Almaty Region, this interval is 0.27<aw<0.35. In this case, moisture binding energy is characterized by average strength and is in the range from 3.189·103 to 2.557·103 J/mole. Polymolecular adsorption area for the sheep milk produced in the South Kazakhstan Region is within the following water activity interval: 0.38<aw<0.63. As for the sheep milk produced in the Almaty Region, this interval is 0.35<aw<0.65. Moisture binding energy is in the range from 1.25·103 to 1.045·103 J/mole. Capillary binding area for the sheep milk produced in the South Kazakhstan Region is within the following water activity interval: 0.63<aw<0.96. As for the sheep milk produced in the Almaty Region, this interval is 0.65 ˂ аw ˃ 0.97 In this case, moisture binding energy is similar in value to the free moisture energy – 99.44·102 - 74.19·102 J/mole depending on the kind of milk

Freeze Drying Of Sheep Milk: Calculating Process Duration

We have established the extremes for different forms of moisture binding as a parameter, characterizing the safety and quality of sheep milk products. Monomolecular adsorption area for the sheep milk produced in the South Kazakhstan Region is within the following water activity interval: 0.29<aw<0.38. As for the sheep milk produced in the Almaty Region, this interval is 0.27<aw<0.35. In this case, moisture binding energy is characterized by average strength and is in the range from 3.189·103 to 2.557·103 J/mole. Polymolecular adsorption area for the sheep milk produced in the South Kazakhstan Region is within the following water activity interval: 0.38<aw<0.63. As for the sheep milk produced in the Almaty Region, this interval is 0.35<aw<0.65. Moisture binding energy is in the range from 1.25·103 to 1.045·103 J/mole. Capillary binding area for the sheep milk produced in the South Kazakhstan Region is within the following water activity interval: 0.63<aw<0.96. As for the sheep milk produced in the Almaty Region, this interval is 0.65 ˂ аw ˃ 0.97 In this case, moisture binding energy is similar in value to the free moisture energy – 99.44·102 - 74.19·102 J/mole depending on the kind of milk

Experimental Investigation of a Hemisphere Contact with a Hard Flat

In this paper experimental investigation is presented to study the contact of a deformable hemisphere with a hard flat. Hemispheres were made from steel and copper, but flat from silicon carbide. During contact, deformation of hemisphere was measured. After experiment, plastic contact area of hemisphere was estimated on the basis of surface topography measurement by white light interferometer. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical models, showing good agreement

Predicting Multi-Codebook Vector Quantization Indexes for Knowledge Distillation

Knowledge distillation(KD) is a common approach to improve model performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR), where a student model is trained to imitate the output behaviour of a teacher model. However, traditional KD methods suffer from teacher label storage issue, especially when the training corpora are large. Although on-the-fly teacher label generation tackles this issue, the training speed is significantly slower as the teacher model has to be evaluated every batch. In this paper, we reformulate the generation of teacher label as a codec problem. We propose a novel Multi-codebook Vector Quantization (MVQ) approach that compresses teacher embeddings to codebook indexes (CI). Based on this, a KD training framework (MVQ-KD) is proposed where a student model predicts the CI generated from the embeddings of a self-supervised pre-trained teacher model. Experiments on the LibriSpeech clean-100 hour show that MVQ-KD framework achieves comparable performance as traditional KD methods (l1, l2), while requiring 256 times less storage. When the full LibriSpeech dataset is used, MVQ-KD framework results in 13.8% and 8.2% relative word error rate reductions (WERRs) for non -streaming transducer on test-clean and test-other and 4.0% and 4.9% for streaming transducer. The implementation of this work is already released as a part of the open-source project icefall.Comment: Submitted to ICASSP 202

Waterfall Formation at a Desert River-Reservoir Delta Isolates Endangered Fishes

Unforeseen interactions of dams and declining water availability have formed new obstacles to recovering endemic and endangered big-river fishes. During a recent trend of drying climate and declining reservoir water levels in the southwestern United States, a large waterfall has formed on two separate occasions (1989-1995 & 2001-present) in the transition zone between the San Juan River and Lake Powell reservoir because of deposited sediments. Because recovery plans for two large-bodied endangered fish species, razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), include annual stockings in the San Juan River, this waterfall potentially blocks upstream movement of individuals that moved downstream from the river into the reservoir. To quantify the temporal variation in abundance of endangered fishes aggregating downstream of the waterfall and determine population demographics, we remotely monitored and sampled in spring 2015, 2016, and 2017 when these fish were thought to move upstream to spawn. Additionally, we used an open population model applied to tagged fish detected in 2017 to estimate population sizes. Colorado pike minnow were so infrequently encountered (\u3c 30 individuals) that population estimates were not performed. Razorback sucker captures from sampling (335) and detections from remote monitoring (943) showed high abundance across all three years. The razorback sucker population estimate for 2017 alone was 755 individuals and, relative to recent population estimates ranging from ~2000 to ~4000 individuals, suggests a substantial population exists seasonally downstream of this barrier. Barriers to fish movement in rivers above reservoirs are not unique, thus the formation of this waterfall exemplifies how water development and hydrology can interact to cause unforeseen changes to a riverscape