Indian Wars: Old & New

Article published in the Journal of Gender, Race & Justice

Lexikální galicizmy v ruském jazyce a možnosti jejich využití ve výuce ruštiny jako druhého a dalšího cizího jazyka

This thesis focuses on lexical Gallicisms in the frame of borrowings from foreign languages to the Russian lexicon. Based on the current state of the art in linguistics and linguodidactics we are assessing lexical Gallicisms in terms of their effective use in Russian didactics as a second or another foreign language. For this reason our work investigates the occurrence of lexical Gallicisms and their forms of presentation as well as their current application within textbooks of Russian language used in primary and secondary schools. We also question to what extent the work with semantic loans is actually reflected within textbooks used in the Czech education system. Our research integrates as well a panel of teachers feed-back on their experience and readiness regarding the possibilities of using semantic loans and internationalisms to broaden students vocabulary. The purpose of the empirical part of the thesis is the verification of the effectiveness of the developed worksheets related to selected subjects covered by textbooks under review that are regarded as representative in terms of lexical Gallicisms. We conclude that the current policies for teaching foreign languages in EU member states, namely in the Czech education system, do not yet take full advantage of the plurilingual language...Tématem této disertační práce jsou lexikální galicizmy v rámci přejímek z cizích jazyků v ruské slovní zásobě. Vycházejíce ze současného stavu poznání v lingvistice a lingvodidaktice, nahlížíme lexikální galicizmy z hlediska jejich efektivní využitelnosti v didaktice ruštiny, a to jmenovitě jako druhého či dalšího cizího jazyka. K tomuto účelu v práci sledujeme výskyt lexikálních galicizmů a jejich formy prezentace a aplikace v učebních metodických souborech pro ruský jazyk používaných na základních a středních školách. Zároveň si klademe otázku do jaké míry se práce s přejímkami odráží ve vzdělávacích dokumentech platných v českém školství. Opíráme se o výzkum zkušeností a postojů učitelů ohledně možností využití přejímek a internacionalizmů k rozšiřování slovní zásoby žáků. Záměrem experimentální části této práce je ověření účinnosti pracovních listů, navazujících na vybrané tematické okruhy zkoumaných učebnic, jež jsou pro lexikální galicizmy reprezentativní. Dospíváme k závěru, že současné jazykové politiky školských systémů zemí EU a jmenovitě české školství dosud nevyužívá všech možností, které nabízí plurilingvní jazyková situace v Evropě. Jmenovitě a mimo jiné se jedná o možnost širší opory o předchozí jazykovou zkušenost žáků, kterou v této práci sledujeme konkrétně na vztahu mezi slovní...Oddělení pro vědeckou činnostFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Distributed Coding/Decoding Complexity in Video Sensor Networks

Video Sensor Networks (VSNs) are recent communication infrastructures used to capture and transmit dense visual information from an application context. In such large scale environments which include video coding, transmission and display/storage, there are several open problems to overcome in practical implementations. This paper addresses the most relevant challenges posed by VSNs, namely stringent bandwidth usage and processing time/power constraints. In particular, the paper proposes a novel VSN architecture where large sets of visual sensors with embedded processors are used for compression and transmission of coded streams to gateways, which in turn transrate the incoming streams and adapt them to the variable complexity requirements of both the sensor encoders and end-user decoder terminals. Such gateways provide real-time transcoding functionalities for bandwidth adaptation and coding/decoding complexity distribution by transferring the most complex video encoding/decoding tasks to the transcoding gateway at the expense of a limited increase in bit rate. Then, a method to reduce the decoding complexity, suitable for system-on-chip implementation, is proposed to operate at the transcoding gateway whenever decoders with constrained resources are targeted. The results show that the proposed method achieves good performance and its inclusion into the VSN infrastructure provides an additional level of complexity control functionality

PloS one

Collagen 6A3 (Col6a3), a component of extracellular matrix, is often up-regulated in tumours and is believed to play a pro-oncogenic role. However the mechanisms of its tumorigenic activity are poorly understood. We show here that Col6a3 is highly expressed in densely growing mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In MEFs where the TAF4 subunit of general transcription factor IID (TFIID) has been inactivated, elevated Col6a3 expression prevents contact inhibition promoting their 3 dimensional growth as foci and fibrospheres. Analyses of gene expression in densely growing Taf4(-/-) MEFs revealed repression of the Hippo pathway and activation of Wnt signalling. The Hippo activator Kibra/Wwc1 is repressed under dense conditions in Taf4(-/-) MEFs, leading to nuclear accumulation of the proliferation factor YAP1 in the cells forming 3D foci. At the same time, Wnt9a is activated and the Sfrp2 antagonist of Wnt signalling is repressed. Surprisingly, treatment of Taf4(-/-) MEFs with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) restores contact inhibition suppressing 3D growth. ATRA represses Col6a3 expression independently of TAF4 expression and Col6a3 silencing is sufficient to restore contact inhibition in Taf4(-/-) MEFs and to suppress 3D growth by reactivating Kibra expression to induce Hippo signalling and by inducing Sfrp2 expression to antagonize Wnt signalling. All together, these results reveal a critical role for Col6a3 in regulating both Hippo and Wnt signalling to promote 3D growth, and show that the TFIID subunit TAF4 is essential to restrain the growth promoting properties of Col6a3. Our data provide new insight into the role of extra cellular matrix components in regulating cell growth

Genome Sequence of Halomonas sp. Strain A3H3, Isolated from Arsenic-Rich Marine Sediments

We report the genome sequence of Halomonas sp. strain A3H3, a bacterium with a high tolerance to arsenite, isolated from multicontaminated sediments of the l'Estaque harbor in Marseille, France. The genome is composed of a 5,489,893-bp chromosome and a 157,085-bp plasmid

Splicing misregulation of SCN5A contributes to cardiac-conduction delay and heart arrhythmia in myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is caused by the expression of mutant RNAs containing expanded CUG repeats that sequester muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins, leading to alternative splicing changes. Cardiac alterations, characterized by conduction delays and arrhythmia, are the second most common cause of death in DM. Using RNA sequencing, here we identify novel splicing alterations in DM heart samples, including a switch from adult exon 6B towards fetal exon 6A in the cardiac sodium channel, SCN5A. We find that MBNL1 regulates alternative splicing of SCN5A mRNA and that the splicing variant of SCN5A produced in DM presents a reduced excitability compared with the control adult isoform. Importantly, reproducing splicing alteration of Scn5a in mice is sufficient to promote heart arrhythmia and cardiac-conduction delay, two predominant features of myotonic dystrophy. In conclusion, misregulation of the alternative splicing of SCN5A may contribute to a subset of the cardiac dysfunctions observed in myotonic dystrophy.Peer reviewe

A targeted next-generation sequencing assay for the molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders with orodental involvement.

BACKGROUND: Orodental diseases include several clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that can present in isolation or as part of a genetic syndrome. Due to the vast number of genes implicated in these disorders, establishing a molecular diagnosis can be challenging. We aimed to develop a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to diagnose mutations and potentially identify novel genes mutated in this group of disorders. METHODS: We designed an NGS gene panel that targets 585 known and candidate genes in orodental disease. We screened a cohort of 101 unrelated patients without a molecular diagnosis referred to the Reference Centre for Oro-Dental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Strasbourg, France, for a variety of orodental disorders including isolated and syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), isolated and syndromic selective tooth agenesis (STHAG), isolated and syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta, isolated dentin dysplasia, otodental dysplasia and primary failure of tooth eruption. RESULTS: We discovered 21 novel pathogenic variants and identified the causative mutation in 39 unrelated patients in known genes (overall diagnostic rate: 39%). Among the largest subcohorts of patients with isolated AI (50 unrelated patients) and isolated STHAG (21 unrelated patients), we had a definitive diagnosis in 14 (27%) and 15 cases (71%), respectively. Surprisingly, COL17A1 mutations accounted for the majority of autosomal-dominant AI cases. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a novel targeted NGS assay for the efficient molecular diagnosis of a wide variety of orodental diseases. Furthermore, our panel will contribute to better understanding the contribution of these genes to orodental disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: NCT01746121 and NCT02397824.journal articleresearch support, non-u.s. gov't2016 Feb2015 10 26importe

Sur la construction des modèles cristallins

Deux procédés principaux : 1) troncatures, 2) développement plan puis formation du polyèdre. Utilisation au maximum du moulage (plâtre, ciment, aluminium) ; obtention successive de formes hémièdres puis holoèdres. Industrialisation possible par moulage « en coquille » et extension possible aux matières plastiques. Les modèles correspondent dans chaque système à une forme primitive unique, leur précision atteint ou dépasse 1°. Ils peuvent servir de base à l'enseignement des calculs cristallographiques (goniomètre d'application).Vicaire P. Sur la construction des modèles cristallins. In: Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, volume 77, 10-12, 1954. pp. 1410-1417

39. Kuch (Heinrich). Φιλολογος. Untersuchung eines Wortes, von seinem ersten Auftreten in der Tradition bis zur ersten überlieferten lexikalischen Festlegung

Vicaire Paul. 39. Kuch (Heinrich). Φιλολογος. Untersuchung eines Wortes, von seinem ersten Auftreten in der Tradition bis zur ersten überlieferten lexikalischen Festlegung. In: Revue des Études Grecques, tome 79, fascicule 374-375, Janvier-juin 1966. p. 547