Gasteroid fungi – the morphological characteristics of selected endangered and rare species noted in Poland

The aim of the work was to present the characteristics of selected species from Disciseda, Geastrum and Tulostoma genera which due to the small differences in morphology of their fruit bodies may pose some identification problems. The selected species of gasteroid fungi of these genera are described based on the materials collected during the course of our studies. All materials were gathered during the research into macromycetes in xerothermic habitats located in the Nida Basin. Taxa noted by us are considered to be very rare in the mycobiota of Poland and are highly endangered.Do analizy morfologicznej wybrano gatunki, które w obrębie rodzajów wykazują niewielkie różnice w budowie owocników. Na podstawie cech makro- i mikromorfologicznych, które zaobserwowano podczas badań terenowych i laboratoryjnych, sporządzono pełne opisy zanotowanych taksonów. Istotne różnice w budowie owocników poszczególnych taksonów wynikają ze stopnia rozwoju i zachowania cech poszczególnych owocników (Tomaszewska et al. 2011). Cechy te zacierają się w miarę dojrzewania i starzenia się tych struktur. Na wykształcenie cech fenotypowych mogą także wpływać między innymi czynniki pogodowe i siedliskowe (Tomaszewska et al. 2012). Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na potrzebę dalszych badań tej grupy grzybów, w celu poznania pełnej zmienności cech budowy morfologicznej i poprawnej identyfikacji taksonów

Europe between China and the United States : geoeconomic implications of the belt and road initiative

Purpose: The research aims to examine the scope, nature and strength of the EU’s relations with China and the United States, under new circumstances created by the development of the Belt and Road Initiative. Design/Methodology/Approach: In pursuance of the goals, three main research fields were identified. The first part of the research covers the EU-China relationship with special regard to the Belt and Road Initiative development. The second part concentrates on the transatlantic relationship under the specific terms of Sino-American competition. The third section is devoted to measuring the strength of economic ties between the EU with China and the U.S. The multidimensional analysis of the EU-China and the EU-U.S. bilateral cooperation is conducted within the framework of the geoeconomic theory. The main tool used in the first and second part of the research is a literature analysis whereas to reflect the strength of geoeconomic relations between the countries geoeconomic vulnerability indicators were employed. Findings: The BRI is an instrument promoting China’s model for international economic cooperation, giving an advantage to the Chinese state and commercial enterprises at the expense of the U.S. and other partners of the EU. Although China has an advantage in terms of trade, its FDI is yet to catch up with those from the U.S. However, as China consistently increases trade and investments in the EU countries, its geoeconomic and geopolitical influence in the region may definitely increase. Practical Implications: The proposed set of indicators can be used to assess and monitor the strength and nature of bilateral relations between countries from a geoeconomic perspective. Originality/Value: The article provides a comprehensive and multidimensional analysis of the current EU-China-U.S. relations in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. In this paper, the authors examine relations between the above mentioned countries by means of a geoeconomic approach.peer-reviewe

Calorigenic effect of adrenaline in rats under conditions of restricted motor activity

In previous studies, it was demonstrated that long term restricted motor activity in rats induces a decrease in body weight, an increase in release of adrenaline, and a decrease in the release of noradrenaline with the urine, as well as a reduction in activity of the thymus gland and level of thyroxin in the blood. At the same time, a decrease was found in the internal body temperature that was accompanied by an increase in the rate of metabolism in the state of rest. An investigation is presented which attempts to clarify whether the calorigenic effect of adrenaline under conditions of increased metabolism in the period of immobility is exposed to changes

In Search of a New Theatre for Children

Theatre for young people should help children in their individual development and also prepare new intelligent and open theatrical audiences for the future. This is very important in our world endangered by unification and cybernation of human beings. These goals demand a new form of theatre for children – modern, creative and fun. The text presents one conception based on interactive theatre performances and illustrated by 3 different examples. This form of theatre is based on children’s counting games and other forms of play, on metaphor and symbol, on traditional and ritual theatre. The action may be created, not by logical situations, but by associations with a free structure. Creative participation depends on drawing the audience into cocreating the action by engaging their intellectual faculties and sensitivity on activating children’s imagination and on the interactive nature of this process. However, this theatre must be variable, because children change quickly, develop and their requirements change [email protected] of Ethnology and Educational Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 62 Bielska St., 43-400 Cieszyn, Poland1114215

A midsummer night's dream in Polish puppet theatres in Silesia – Mise-en-Scène by Jan Dorman, Josef Krofta and Marián Pecko

This article presents 3 performances based on Shakespeare's play: A Midsummer Night's Dream made for the Teatr Dzieci Zagłębia (The Zaglebie Children's Theatre) in Będzin (1965), Wrocław Puppet Theatre (2003) and in the Puppet Theatre 'Banialuka' in Bielsko-Biała (2013). They were created by the famous Polish creator, Jan Dorman and two artistic teams: Czech – under the direction of Josef Krofta, and Slovak – directed by Marián Pecko. The description of the three performances is presented in the context of the significant presence of artists from the Czech Republic and Slovakia on puppet theatre stages in Poland. Polish, Czech and Slovak puppetry collaboration became a reality at the end of the 1970s and took on a new quality after 1992. In Polish theatres at this time appeared stage directors such as: Brožek, Chalupová-Pěničková, Kopecký (Matěj, father and son), Krofta (Josef and Jakub), Nosálek, Pecko, Spišak, Štumpf; stage designers: Andraško, Doležal, Farkašova, Hubička, Lipták, Kalfus, Kuchinka, Kudlička, Polívka, Tománek, Volkmer, Zákostelecký, Zavarský; and composers: Mankovecký, Helebrand, Engonidis. At the same time, Czech artists such as Karel Brožek, Petr Nosálek, Jakub Krofta, became artistic directors of Polish puppet theatres in Katowice and Wrocław, which was an unprecedented phenomenon

Wiedza mieszkańców Płocka i jego okolic na temat udaru mózgu

Background. The strokeand itshealth consequencesis oneof the most seriousproblemsfaced bymodern medicine. Its creation is affected by non-modifiablefactorssuch as age, sex, genetic predisposition and largelyfactors thatlend themselves topreventive action, arisingmainly from theway of life.Theprevention of strokeplays an important role inhealth education,aiming atcontribution to the knowledge insocietyandpromotion ofbehaviorsbeneficialto health.Aim. The aim ofthis study was toevaluate selectedsocio-demographic factorsthat may affect thelevel of knowledge aboutstroke.Material and methods. The study was conductedamong146randompeople livingin Płockand its surroundings.Answer to theproblemis achieved bya methodof diagnostic survey. As aresearchtechnique survey was selected. Proprietaryresearch tool was aquestionnaire, which included 39closed questions (disjunctive ones).Results. Significant correlation(p<0.05) between the knowledge ofstrokerisk factorsand selectedsocio-demographic factors has been shown. Nosignificant correlation(p>0.05) between the place of residence andknowledge ofstrokesymptoms and the possibility ofpreventionandriskassessment of theimpact has been observed.Conclusions. Inmost cases, thetreatment groupknows the risk factors forstroke.Socio-demographic factorsinfluence the knowledge ofrisk factors to different degrees and the symptoms ofstroke,the possibility of preventing the riskand the evaluation of the risk of impact. (PNN 2013;2(3):109-116)Wprowadzenie. Udar mózgu i jego konsekwencje zdrowotne to jeden z najpoważniejszych problemów z jakimi boryka się współczesna medycyna. Na jego powstanie wpływają czynniki niemodyfikowalne, jak wiek, płeć, uwarunkowania genetyczne i w dużej mierze czynniki, które poddają się działaniom prewencyjnym, wynikające przede wszystkim ze stylu życia. W zapobieganiu udarom istotną rolę odgrywa edukacja zdrowotna, mająca na celu wzbogacenie wiedzy społeczeństwa i promowanie zachowań korzystnych dla zdrowia.Cel. Celem pracy była ocena wybranych czynników socjodemograficznych mogących mieć wpływ na poziom wiedzy na temat udaru mózgu.Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono wśród 146 przypadkowych osób mieszkających w Płocku i jego okolicach. Odpowiedzi na postawione problemy uzyskano dzięki zastosowaniu metody sondażu diagnostycznego. Jako technikę badawczą wybrano ankietę. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, który zawierał 39 pytań zamkniętych, dysjunktywnych.Wyniki. Wykazano zależności (p<0,05) pomiędzy znajomością czynników ryzyka udaru mózgu a wybranymi czynnikami socjodemograficznymi. Nie wykazano zależności (p>0,05) pomiędzy miejscem zamieszkania a znajomością objawów udaru mózgu, możliwością zapobiegania oraz oceną grupy ryzyka udarowego.Wnioski. W większości przypadków badana grupa zna czynniki ryzyka udaru mózgu. Czynniki socjodemograficzne w różnym stopniu wpływają na znajomość czynników ryzyka i objawów udaru mózgu, możliwości zapobiegania oraz oceny grupy ryzyka udarowego. (PNN 2013;2(3):109-116) &nbsp

Experience and conceptual content in Kant and McDowell : remarks on "empty thoughts" and "blind intuitions"

In "Mind and World", John McDowell appeals to Kant’s dictum that thoughts without content are empty and intuitions without concepts are blind as encapsulating the idea of conceptualism about the content of perceptual experience. I argue that the appeal is inadequate, and this for a variety of reasons, one of them being that if Kant endorsed conceptualism along the lines of McDowell, he would be committed to returning to positions which he explicitly criticized, i.e. those of rationalist metaphysics; alternatively, he would lapse into an idealism very much akin to Hegel’s. This is because McDowell’s conceptualism ultimately neglects the role of sensibility in mediating the relation between "mind" and "world", which is crucial to recognizing the limits on cognition which Kant’s doctrine of transcendental idealism imposes upon subjects

Enlightenment and secularism : foreword from the guest editor

Foreword from the guest editor to the special issue of Diametros - "Enlightenment and Secularism