Economía conductual: contribuciones de los premios Nobel en economía sobre la incidencia de heurísticas y sesgos cognitivos en la toma de decisiones no programáticas : una alternativa a los postulados fundamentales de la teoría neoclásica

El presente trabajo consiste en una sistematización de las contribuciones de los premiados con el Nobel de ciencias económicas en la formulación de conceptos propios de la Economía Conductual para cuestionar el reduccionismo metodológico de los postulados esenciales de la Teoría de la Elección Racional. Mediante un compendio no exhaustivo de los antecedentes teóricos de los premios Nobel reconocidos por la Real Academia Sueca, se introducen conceptos y ensayos propios de Teoría de Juegos y la Economía Experimental que ofrecen otra mirada acerca de la manera en la que el sujeto económico se manifiesta en la toma decisiones. Esto pone en evidencia la limitación en la resolución de conflictos y el papel fundamental que juega la incertidumbre en la toma de decisiones, induciendo el agente económico a generar atajos mentales, llamados heurísticas, y sesgos cognitivos procedentes de la apresurada toma de decisionesFil: Munt, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional Villa María; Argentina.Fil: Carrión, Gonzalo. Universidad Nacional Villa María; Argentina.Fil: Thione, Federico. Universidad Nacional Villa María; Argentina

Ultrasound-assisted lipolysis of the omentum in dwarf pigs.

Successful surgical treatment of medium degree obesity by subcutaneous liposuction has been reported in the literature. In obesity, most adipose tissue is visceral, mainly omental, and the resection of omentum is a mutilating procedure for the intestinal tract. Because of this, we planned to reduce omental adipose tissue by an apparently conservative approach: ultrasound-assisted lipolysis. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of this procedure in an animal experimental model, drawing clinical and autoptic patterns. We chose pigs because they are functionally analogous to humans, although they store less fat in the omentum, whose structure looks like a veil. Four male dwarf pigs were fed, since weaning, with hyperlipidic fodder. When they were eight months old, they were operated on under general anesthesia in our laboratory for experimental surgery. After laparotomy, the omentum was delivered and treated with ultrasound for 1 hour. Before and just after the sonication, biopsies were drawn from omentum and processed for histologic findings. After 50 days, the surviving animals were sacrificed and autopsied; specimens from omentum, liver, and spleen were histologically processed. Two animals died during the operation, while the two surviving animals were in good general condition. Macro and microscopic observations demonstrated that the ultrasound can liquefy omental fat, sparing its fibrous network in the immediate time; during the postoperative period, an intense inflammatory reaction developed; macroscopic observation evidenced fibrous adhesions of the omentum to the surrounding organs; the connective tissue network was thickened and the whole omentum was twisted on itself. The high mortality rate could be due either to the surgical learning curve or to casualty or to lethal effects of ultrasound on the cardiac conductive system; the inflammatory peritoneal reaction could be specifically due to ultrasound or to surgical handling

Abstract Parallel Changes: Detecting Semantic Interferences

Parallel changes are a basic fact of modern software development. Where previously we looked at prima facie interference, here we investigate a less direct form that we call semantic interference. We reduce the forms of semantic interference that we are interested in to overlapping def-use pairs. Using program slicing and data flow analysis, we present algorithms for detecting semantic interference for both concurrent changes (allowed in optimistic version management systems) and sequential parallel changes (supported in pessimistic version management systems), and for changes that are both immediate and distant in time. We provide these algorithms for changes that are additions, showing that interference caused by deletions can be detected by considering the two sets of changes in reverse-time order