Modelling climate sensitivity of debris-covered glaciers

The common occurrence of debris-covered glaciers in high-mountain areas makes their response to climate change relevant. The insulating effect of debris cover on surface melt causes debris-covered glaciers behave differently from debris-free glaciers, warranting the use of a specialized model for predictions. In this thesis, the 2D flowline DEBISO model (Ferguson and Vieli, 2021) is used in assessing the response of debris-covered glaciers to abstract and realistic climate change. The model calculates the transport and effect of debris cover, while incorporating the formation of ice cliffs on stagnant termini as a melt-enhancing process in retreat. Two new additions to the model are made and analyzed: the curve of insulation by debris cover thickness is fit to field and literature data, and the formation of ice cliffs in the entire ablation area through supraglacial streams is added to the model. Results show that previous estimates might have overestimated the insulation effect. Response to climate changes shows significant lag consistent with observations and previous studies, which is heavily dependent on parameters like size, debris cover, and bed geometry. The lag in response leads to a dichotomy in retreat between easy re-advance for short-term warming, and more difficult readvance following long-term warming like measured and projected climate change over the 20th and 21st century. As a consequence of this lag, length response from short-term changes in climate is often minimal, making the establishment of a relationship of volume as a derivative of climate possible. Both new additions to the model resulted in a significantly weakened insulating effect, leading to behavior in retreat and advance more similar to debris-free glaciers

Sinkende Geburtenraten als Herausforderung für den Wohlfahrtsstaat: Lösungswege der Familien- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik im internationalen Vergleich

Die zentrale Stoßrichtung dieses Beitrages ist es, Wege für eine erfolgreiche Familienpolitik aufzuzeigen. Basierend auf einem 16-Ländersample und unter Zuhilfenahme des neuen MVQCA-Ansatzes werden unterschiedliche europäische familienpolitische Regulierungsmuster multivariat untersucht. Die theoretischen Annahmen basieren auf dem Ernährermodell. Es zeigt sich, dass (noch) in fast allen Ländern ernährertypische Strukturen zu finden sind und die Kinderraten entscheidend beeinflussen. Es wird dargestellt, warum flankierende familienpolitische Maßnahmen, besonders im finanziellen Bereich, neben einem hohen Kinderbetreuungsangebot und einer umfassenden Teilhabe der Frauen am Arbeitsmarkt, zentrale Faktoren sind, die zu einer Erhöhung der Kinderrate beitragen können. -- The main focus of this contribution is to present pathways leading to a successful family policy. With the aid of the new MVQCA approach, we shall perform a multivariate analysis of various European patterns of regulation in family policies based on a sample of 16 countries. The theoretical assumptions are based on the breadwinner model. It is shown that structures typical of the breadwinner model can (still) be found in almost all the countries examined, and that these have a crucial effect on the birth rate. This article demonstrates why, along with child care supply and comprehensive female participation in the labour market, accompanying measures in family policy, especially financial support, are key factors in the increase of birth rates.Geburtenrate,Sozialstaat,Frauenerwerbstätigkeit,Kinderbetreuung,Familienbesteuerung,Erziehungsurlaub,Mutterschutz,Öffentliche Sozialausgaben,Multi-Value Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Parallel Data Helps Neural Entity Coreference Resolution

Coreference resolution is the task of finding expressions that refer to the same entity in a text. Coreference models are generally trained on monolingual annotated data but annotating coreference is expensive and challenging. Hardmeier et al.(2013) have shown that parallel data contains latent anaphoric knowledge, but it has not been explored in end-to-end neural models yet. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective model to exploit coreference knowledge from parallel data. In addition to the conventional modules learning coreference from annotations, we introduce an unsupervised module to capture cross-lingual coreference knowledge. Our proposed cross-lingual model achieves consistent improvements, up to 1.74 percentage points, on the OntoNotes 5.0 English dataset using 9 different synthetic parallel datasets. These experimental results confirm that parallel data can provide additional coreference knowledge which is beneficial to coreference resolution tasks.Comment: camera-ready version; to appear in the Findings of ACL 202

Erregungszustände und γ-Hydroxybutyrat

Zusammenfassung: Erregungszustände können Ausdruck unterschiedlicher Krankheitsbilder sein. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrat (GHB) wird wegen euphorisierender Effekte missbraucht und kann zu Agitation, Bewusstseinsstörungen und Koma führen. Wir stellen einen 50-jährigen Patienten mit wiederholten GHB-Intoxikationen bei abstinenter Alkoholabhängigkeit und einen videodokumentierten Erregungszustand vor. Die Differenzialdiagnose wird vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Literatur diskutiert. GHB-Intoxikation und -Abhängigkeit stellen auch im nervenärztlichen Kontext wichtige Krankheitsbilder da

Exploring Predictive Uncertainty and Calibration in NLP: A Study on the Impact of Method & Data Scarcity

We investigate the problem of determining the predictive confidence (or, conversely, uncertainty) of a neural classifier through the lens of low-resource languages. By training models on sub-sampled datasets in three different languages, we assess the quality of estimates from a wide array of approaches and their dependence on the amount of available data. We find that while approaches based on pre-trained models and ensembles achieve the best results overall, the quality of uncertainty estimates can surprisingly suffer with more data. We also perform a qualitative analysis of uncertainties on sequences, discovering that a model's total uncertainty seems to be influenced to a large degree by its data uncertainty, not model uncertainty. All model implementations are open-sourced in a software package

The theology of radical evangelicalism

Text in GermanThe present dissertation considers the historical and theological foundations of radical evangelicalism and puts it in the context of theologies which influenced it and are similar to it. It will be demonstrated that the evangelicals are enriched by radical evangelicalism - an evangelical basic concept with elements of anabaptism, the social gospel, liberation theology and the ecumencial theologies. Thus it will be demonstrated that radical theology is genuinely evangelical, yet is capable of overcoming the one sidedness of western evangelical theology. Special attention is given to the contributions of radicals from North America as well as from Latin America since they are of considerable importance to radical evangelicalism. The aim of the dissertation is to present radical evangelicalism, to critically evaluate it, and to make it profitable to the European evangelical scene. The first section names the sources from which radical theology flowed. The second section reviews the historical development of radical evangelicalism. It will be demonstrated that, in the thirty years of its existence, radical evangelicalism has become a significant factor within the worldwide evangelical movement. The third section presents the fundamental characteristics of radical theology within a selection of themes. It demonstrates that the radicals have confronted the evangelical movement with a transforming theory of mission, which shows itself to be relevant for today's pressing problems. The fourth section describes the social action of radical evangelicalism and demonstrates that the energetic theology of the radicals is in fact based on a compelling spirituality. The fifth section records the results of the investigation and presents conclusions for praxis and further theological study.Die voriiegende Dissertation erfasst die geschichtlichen und theologischen Grundlinien des radikalen Evangelikalismus und stellt ihn in den Kontext ahnlicher und ihn beeinflussender Theologien. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass der radikale Evangelikalismus eine evangelikale Grundkonzeption mit Elementen des Anabaptismus, des Social Gospel, der Befreiungstheologie und der Theologien im Umfeld des Okumenischen Rates der Kirchen bereichert Dabei wird deutlich, dass die radikale Theologie genuin evangelikal ist, die Einseitigkeiten der westlichen evangelikalen Theologie aber zu uberwinden vermag. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist den Beitragen radikaler Nord- und Lateinamerikaner gewidmet, da diese den radikalen Evangelikalismus wesentlich gepragt haben. Ziel ist es, den radikalen Evangelikalismus darzustellen, kritisch zu wiirdigen und fur die europaische evangelikale Szene fruchtbar zu machen. Der erste Teil nennt die Quellen, aus denen sich die radikale Theologie speist. Der zweite Teil zeichnet den geschichtlichen Werdegang des radikalen Evangelikalismus nach. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass der radikale Evangelikalismus in den dreissig Jahren seines Bestehens zu einem bestimmenden Faktor in der weltweiten evangelikalen Bewegung geworden ist. Der dritte Teil stellt die Grundzuge der radikalen Theologie mittels ausgewahlter Themen dar. Er zeigt auf, dass die Radikalen die evangelikale Bewegung mit einer transformatorischen Missionstheorie konfrontiert haben, die relevant fur die drangenden Probleme der Gegenwart ist. Der vierte Teil stellt die soziale Aktion des radikalen Evangelikalismus dar und zeigt auf, dass die energische Theologie der Radikalen im Grande genommen zur Tat driingende Spirituality ist. Der funfte Teil halt die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung fest und zieht Folgerungen fur die Praxis und das weitere theologische Arbeiten.Christian Spirituality, Church History and MissiologyM.Th. (Missiology

Digital 3D reconstruction of two parahissian accessory bundles in a case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Three-dimensional reconstruction of digitized histological serial sections of the cardiac conduction system yielded two accessory pathways in a case of a 24-day-old male infant who died after a short period of illness with ECG findings of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In infants, the differential diagnosis of possible accessory pathways connecting the AV conduction system, atrial or ventricular septum includes dispersed conduction system tissue without connecting features. This is why three-dimensional reconstruction is necessary in order to refute or establish connectivity of cell groups as found in histological serial slice image

Exploring the Importance of Source Text in Automatic Post-Editing for Context-Aware Machine Translation

Accurate translation requires document-level information, which is ignored by sentence-level machine translation. Recent work has demonstrated that document-level consistency can be improved with automatic post-editing (APE) using only target-language (TL) information. We study an extended APE model that additionally integrates source context. A human evaluation of fluency and adequacy in English–Russian translation reveals that the model with access to source context significantly outperforms monolingual APE in terms of adequacy, an effect largely ignored by automatic evaluation metrics. Our results show that TL-only modelling increases fluency without improving adequacy, demonstrating the need for conditioning on source text for automatic post-editing. They also highlight blind spots in automatic methods for targeted evaluation and demonstrate the need for human assessment to evaluate document-level translation quality reliably