COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RANK CORRELATION STATISTICS

Rank correlation is a fundamental tool to express dependence in cases in which the data are arranged in order. There are, by contrast, circumstances where the ordinal association is of a nonlinear type. In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of several measures of rank correlation. These measures have been divided into three classes: conventional rank correlations, weighted rank correlations, correlations of scores. Our findings suggest that none is systematically better than the other in all circumstances. However, a simply weighted version of the Kendall rank correlation coefficient provides plausible answers to many special situations where intercategory distances could not be considered on the same basis.Ordinal Data, Nonlinear Association, Weighted Rank Correlation

AN EXHAUSTIVE COEFFICIENT OF RANK CORRELATION

Rank association is a fundamental tool for expressing dependence in cases in which data are arranged in order. Measures of rank correlation have been accumulated in several contexts for more than a century and we were able to cite more than thirty of these coefficients, from simple ones to relatively complicated definitions invoking one or more systems of weights. However, only a few of these can actually be considered to be admissible substitutes for Pearson’s correlation. The main drawback with the vast majority of coefficients is their “resistance-tochange” which appears to be of limited value for the purposes of rank comparisons that are intrinsically robust. In this article, a new nonparametric correlation coefficient is defined that is based on the principle of maximization of a ratio of two ranks. In comparing it with existing rank correlations, it was found to have extremely high sensitivity to permutation patterns. We have illustrated the potential improvement that our index can provide in economic contexts by comparing published results with those obtained through the use of this new index. The success that we have had suggests that our index may have important applications wherever the discriminatory power of the rank correlation coefficient should be particularly strong.Ordinal data, Nonparametric agreement, Economic applications

Air-conditioning in residential buildings through absorption systems powered by solar collectors

Over the past years, the scientific community has been exploring alternative solutions to the fossil fuels used for indoor air-conditioning. The solution here suggested is formed by absorption machines powered by solar panels used to air-condition small residential buildings. The study examined a small residential building and evaluated energy savings, reduction of CO2 and the return on investment compared to a traditional solution. The results obtained might be considered as valid since the heat used was provided by a free energy source with a low environmental impact, devoid of CO2 emission

Nonlinear Rank Correlations

Rank correlation is a fundamental tool to express dependence in case in which the data are arranged in order. There are, by contrast, circumstances where the ordinal association is of a nonlinear type. In this paper we have investigated the effectiveness of thirty measures of rank correlation for assessing agreement between two evaluators in the presence of non costant scale of terms. These measures have been divided into three classes: unweighted rank correlations, weighted rank correlations, correlations of scores. Our findings suggest that none is systematically better than the other in all circumstances. However, a simply weighted version of the Kendall’s $\tau$ provides plausible answers to many special situations where intercategory distances are not the same

Reconstruction of the adult hemifacial microsomia patient with temporomandibular joint total joint prosthesis and orthognathic surgery

HFM patients' reconstruction has always been a challenge for maxillofacial surgeons, and numerous reconstructive techniques have been described. Surgical treatment depends on the patient's age and contemplates Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) reconstruction in conjunction with orthognathic surgery, usually necessary following completion of growth to maximize the functional and esthetic results. Distraction osteogenesis had gained popularity as valid alternative in growing patients, but the two primary methods to reconstruct the TMJs involve the use of autogenous, using free or microvascular bone grafts, or alloplastic graft, but there is no widely accepted method

The Mediterranean Way a model to achieve the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The Mediterranean diet, inscribed in the representative list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO in 2010, is inspired by the traditional food models of Italy, France, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Cyprus and Croatia, all countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. In particular, the Mediterranean area, geographically and territorially, has the characteristics to give value to past food models, which are products of the local territory (legumes, grains, vegetables, fruit, fish). The major aim is to encourage this type of food, which has always been one of the key points for biology studies in the fields of nutrition, food safety and biodiversity protection. The notion of "Mediterranean diet", or "Mediterranean way. How to eat well and stay well” (Keys & Keys, 1975) does not refer only to a nutritional model shared by many peoples of the Mediterranean basin, but embraces wider and deeper concepts that refer to a peculiar lifestyle, to a specific modality of production and consumption of food, to a certain way of conceiving the relationship between people and the environment. The Mediterranean way is a tool for achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

A catalogue of structural and morphological measurements for DES Y1

We present a structural and morphological catalogue for 45 million objects selected from the first year data of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Single S´ersic fits and non-parametric measurements are produced for g, r, and i filters. The parameters from the best-fitting S´ersic model (total magnitude, half-light radius, S´ersic index, axis ratio, and position angle) are measured with GALFIT; the non-parametric coefficients (concentration, asymmetry, clumpiness, Gini, M20) are provided using the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types (ZEST+). To study the statistical uncertainties, we consider a sample of state-of-the-art image simulations with a realistic distribution in the input parameter space and then process and analyse them as we do with real data: this enables us to quantify the observational biases due to PSF blurring and magnitude effects and correct themeasurements as a function ofmagnitude, galaxy size, S´ersic index (concentration for the analysis of the non-parametric measurements) and ellipticity. We present the largest structural catalogue to date: we find that accurate and complete measurements for all the structural parameters are typically obtained for galaxies with SEXTRACTOR MAG AUTO I ≤ 21. Indeed, the parameters in the filters i and r can be overall well recovered up to MAG AUTO ≤ 21.5, corresponding to a fitting completeness of ~90 per cent below this threshold, for a total of 25million galaxies. The combination of parametric and non-parametric structural measurements makes this catalogue an important instrument to explore and understand how galaxies form and evolve. The catalogue described in this paper will be publicly released alongside the DES collaboration Y1 cosmology data products at the following URL: https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases

Bases y Lineamientos de un Código Tributario actual

The author expose the key points for future tax codification. He recognize the importance of address the legal principles and the dogmatic taxation developed so far, but he warns that they must be of equal importance the new problems have arisen in the area. In addition, he points out the importance of an improvement in the quality of administrative management for the correct application of Tax Law.El autor expone los puntos clave para una futura codificación tributaria. Reconoce la importancia de abordar los principios jurídicos y la dogmática tributaria desarrollada hasta el momento, pero advierte que deben ser de igual importancia los nuevos problemas han surgido en el área. Además, señala la importancia de una mejora en la calidad de gestión administrativa para la correcta aplicación del Derecho Tributario