Histology: An Identification Manual

This brand-new, user-friendly text takes you effortlessly through the step-by-step process you need to accurately distinguish the various components of each and every tissue, organ, and system under consideration. Each chapter contains a “commonly misdiagnosed” section to help you avoid the usual pitfalls in identification, and a “logic tree” maps out the questions you should be asking yourself as you go through the identification process. Accurately identify a structure with step-by-step guidance instructing you on when to use a low magnification or high magnification objective. Focus on the parts of the micrograph you should be assessing via the help of large format micrographs accompanied by pen and ink drawings. Avoid pitfalls thanks to a “commonly misdiagnosed” section at the end of the each chapter. Obtain expert guidance on practical matters in the lab using an appendix on techniques and stain procedures. A clear page design, concise text, and practical binding make this resource an indispensable friend in the lab. It’s almost like having your own personal histology instructor at your side. This text was originally published by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights have been reverted to the original author. Reviews: I went through it and found it an excellent histology manual not only for the students but for the instructors as well. Brilliant job, Prof. - Dr. Hanna L. Koubish, MD, MSc, PhD., Kuwait Universityhttps://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/open_textbooks/1000/thumbnail.jp

A Classic Question Revisited in Red-winged Blackbirds: Disentangling Confounding Hypotheses Surrounding Parental Investment Theory and Nest Defense Intensity

The pattern of increased nest-defense effort over the course of a nesting season could result from 3 distinct (albeit non-exclusive) mechanisms: increased value of offspring to parents with progression towards independence (parental-investment theory), decreased opportunity for renesting (renesting-potential hypothesis), or decreased perceived costs of defense after repeated encounters with human observers (positive-reinforcement hypothesis). To gauge relative empirical support for each of these mechanisms, we disentangle these 3 often-confounded hypotheses using multi-model inference with mixed-model ordinal regression applied to an extensive red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) nesting data set (4,518 monitoring visits to 1,330 nests). Parent aggression was rated on an ordinal scale (0-4) during repeated monitoring visits. Additionally, we assessed clutch/brood size, nest density, time of day, and nest concealment effects on aggression. In a preliminary analysis, including all 3 major hypotheses, male and female nest defense was most strongly explained by parental investment (nest age). Positive-reinforcement (visit number) and renesting potential (Julian date), were also well-supported predictors in males. The interactions of decomposed nest age (within- and between individual centered) with Julian date were particularly important in the top male model. Additional factors, such as clutch/brood size, nest density, and nest concealment appeared to have larger predictive roles in explaining female aggression relative to males. These patterns are likely explained by different sexual reproductive roles within a polygynous mating system. Our study highlights the importance of interacting mechanisms involving parental investment theory and the use of within-individual standardization to help disentangle competing, and empirically confounded hypotheses

Improving Online Interactions: Lessons from an Online Anatomy Course with a Laboratory for Undergraduate Students

An online section of a face-to-face (F2F) undergraduate (bachelor\u27s level) anatomy course with a prosection laboratory was offered in 2013-2014. Lectures for F2F students (353) were broadcast to online students (138) using Blackboard Collaborate (BBC) virtual classroom. Online laboratories were offered using BBC and three-dimensional (3D) anatomical computer models. This iteration of the course was modified from the previous year to improve online student-teacher and student-student interactions. Students were divided into laboratory groups that rotated through virtual breakout rooms, giving them the opportunity to interact with three instructors. The objectives were to assess student performance outcomes, perceptions of student-teacher and student-student interactions, methods of peer interaction, and helpfulness of the 3D computer models. Final grades were statistically identical between the online and F2F groups. There were strong, positive correlations between incoming grade average and final anatomy grade in both groups, suggesting prior academic performance, and not delivery format, predicts anatomy grades. Quantitative student perception surveys (273 F2F; 101 online) revealed that both groups agreed they were engaged by teachers, could interact socially with teachers and peers, and ask them questions in both the lecture and laboratory sessions, though agreement was significantly greater for the F2F students in most comparisons. The most common methods of peer communication were texting, Facebook, and meeting F2F. The perceived helpfulness of the 3D computer models improved from the previous year. While virtual breakout rooms can be used to adequately replace traditional prosection laboratories and improve interactions, they are not equivalent to F2F laboratories

Fractionation of R-407C in Brazed Plate Evaporators at Low Mass Flux

This investigation explored the effects of fractionation and distribution of R-407c in brazed plate evaporators with an emphasis at low mass flux. Experiments were performed in parallel with R-22. A parametric study was performed with nominal and reduced mass fluxes, with and without distributor and with various orientations of the evaporator. Also, operating conditions were varied to investigate the effect of refrigerant inlet quality and superheat at the exit of the evaporator. This investigation took an evaporator as part of a system approach rather than evaluating local heat transfer. All experiments show that R-407c is a viable replacement for R-22. Overall heat transfer coefficients for R-407c were essentially equal to that of R-22 when operating at nominal conditions. U-values for R-407c at low mass flux were up to 15% less than R-22. However, R-407c U-values were approximately 10% greater than R-22 when operating with a saturated refrigerant outlet condition. Contrary to expectations, only slight fractionation was seen for all test conditions and evaporator configurations. It was concluded that lower inlet quality slightly increases refrigerant composition shift. Also seen in this investigation was greater composition shift at greater mass flux for individual experiments. This condition could be related to significant oil hold-up seen at low mass flux. A distributor was developed in this investigation to allow better distribution when operating with refrigerant flow in the downward direction. While downward flow did not have an effect on refrigerant composition shift in this investigation, this orientation may be useful for other applications where more severe fractionation is seen. Other issues addressed were superheat instability and oil hold-up in the evaporator. Liquid droplets were seen at the exit of the evaporator when operating with low superheat. Also, it was found that up to 35% of the volume of the evaporator could be filled with oil even when operating at nominal capacity

Human anatomy

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Laboratory exercises in anatomy and physiology with cat dissections

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