Lie-Rinehart cohomology and integrable connections on modules of rank one

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, let $R$ be a commutative $k$-algebra, and let $M$ be a torsion free $R$-module of rank one with a connection $\nabla$. We consider the Lie-Rinehart cohomology with values in $End_{R}(M)$ with its induced connection, and give an interpretation of this cohomology in terms of the integrable connections on $M$. When $R$ is an isolated singularity of dimension $d\geq2$, we relate the Lie-Rinehart cohomology to the topological cohomology of the link of the singularity, and when $R$ is a quasi-homogenous hypersurface of dimension two, we give a complete computation of the cohomology.Comment: 13 page

An Approach to Select Cost-Effective Risk Countermeasures Exemplified in CORAS

Risk is unavoidable in business and risk management is needed amongst others to set up good security policies. Once the risks are evaluated, the next step is to decide how they should be treated. This involves managers making decisions on proper countermeasures to be implemented to mitigate the risks. The countermeasure expenditure, together with its ability to mitigate risks, is factors that affect the selection. While many approaches have been proposed to perform risk analysis, there has been less focus on delivering the prescriptive and specific information that managers require to select cost-effective countermeasures. This paper proposes a generic approach to integrate the cost assessment into risk analysis to aid such decision making. The approach makes use of a risk model which has been annotated with potential countermeasures, estimates for their cost and effect. A calculus is then employed to reason about this model in order to support decision in terms of decision diagrams. We exemplify the instantiation of the generic approach in the CORAS method for security risk analysis.Comment: 33 page

Utopian forestry in Nepal; Local governance and the production of new citizen

A fieldwork of the Community Forest User Group and local society in the village of Bishanku Narayan, Ward 1, District of Godawari, Nepal. A study of how the CF model affects the local society of the people engaged in forestry, and the Department of Forestry that is set to administer what is called a "handover of rights and responsibilities" for local resources to the people, a policy in which participation takes a crucial role in cultivating a new citizen.Master of Philosophy in Anthropology of DevelopmentSANT355MASV-SAD

Is the last generation theology, as developed by M.L.Andreasen compatible with Ellen G,. White's theology of the remnant?

Master's thesis in Theology. VID Specialized University, School of Mission and Theology, May 2016MV 17 S

Preservation of Policy Adherence under Refinement

-Policy-based management is an approach to the management of systems with respect to issues such as security, access control and trust by the enforcement of policy rules. This paper addresses the problem of integrating the requirements imposed by a policy with the system development process. In order to take a policy specification into account in the development of a system specification, the notion of policy adherence is formalized as a relation between policy specifications and system specifications. Adherence of a system specification to a policy specification means that the former satisfies the latter. The integrated development process is supported by refinement, where both the policy specification and the system specification may be developed under any number of refinement steps. This paper characterizes the conditions under which adherence is preserved under refinement and identifies development rules that guarantee adherence preservation. By results of transitivity and compositionality the integrated development process and the analysis tasks can be conducted in a stepwise and modular way, thereby facilitating development. Oppdragsgiver: Research Council of Norwa

The effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

The effect of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on stress, growth and the expression of immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated. Lice infection success and survival were similar at the chalimus and preadult stage in the low and high dose group, but infection success and survival were significantly lower in the high than in the low dose group at the adult stage. The expression of investigated transcripts was not correlated to lice intensities, but several of them were significantly differently expressed locally in the skin at the site of lice attachment in infected fish compared to controls. This included an up-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers at the site of lice attachment (e.g., interleukin 1-beta, interleukin 8 and the acute phase protein serum amyloid A), a reduction of markers of adaptive immunity (cluster of differentiation 8-alpha and immunoglobulin M) and decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10.publishedVersio

Relating computer systems to sequence diagrams with underspecification, inherent nondeterminism and probabilistic choice : Part 1

Having a sequence diagram specification and a computer system, we need to answer the question: Is the system compliant with the sequence diagram specification in the desired way? We present a procedure for answering this question for three variations of sequence diagrams.The procedure is independent of the choice of programming language used for the system. The semantics of sequence diagrams is denotational and based on traces. In order to answer the initial question, the procedure starts by obtaining the trace-set of the system by e.g. testing, and then transforming this into the same semantic model as that used for the sequence diagram. In addition to extending our earlier work on refinement relations for sequence diagrams, we define conformance relations relating systems to sequence diagrams. The work is split in two parts. This paper presents part 1, in which we introduce the necessary definitions for using the compliance checking procedure on sequence diagrams with underspecification and sequence diagrams with inherent nondeterminism. In part 2 [RRS07], we present the definitions for using the procedure on sequence diagrams with probabilistic choice

How to transform UML neg into a useful construct

In UML, the operator neg is used to specify negative, or unwanted, system behaviour. We agree that being able to specify negative behaviour is important. However, the UML neg is currently not wellsuited for this purpose, the main problem being that a single operator is used with several different meanings depending on the context. In this paper we investigate some alternative definitions of neg. We also propose a solution in which neg is replaced by two new operators for specifying negative behaviour

Refining UML interactions with underspecification and nondeterminism

STAIRS is an approach to the compositional development of UML interactions, such as sequence diagrams and interaction overview diagrams. An important aspect of STAIRS is the ability to distinguish between underspecification and inherent nondeterminism through the use of potential and mandatory alternatives. This paper investigates this distinction in more detail. Refinement notions explain when (and how) both kinds of nondeterminism may be reduced during the development process. In particular, in this paper we extend STAIRS with guards, which may be used to specify the choice between alternatives. Finally, we introduce the notion of an implementation and define what it means for an implementation to be correct with respect to a specification