Session C2- Thanks for putting in that fish ladder: Can you remove the dam now?

Meeting fish passage objectives is one primary driver for modifying conditions at dams and other barriers. American Rivers has been involved with a number of dam removal projects for dams that had ladders or fishways. We propose a few reasons why this phenomenon is occurring 1) Society/communities putting a higher value on the river functions that fish ladders cannot provide; 2) Older fish ladders are failing to meet their objectives; 3) Maintenance problems exist and 4) Multiple species approaches are gaining popularity. American Rivers will describe the extent of these types of projects, present a few example cases and provide a decision-tree that is a combination of best-fit for the process to provide additional perspective to project managers who are evaluating fish passage

A Comprehensive Internationalization Analysis of Marlboro College

For institutions of higher education, addressing and assessing global competence has become a priority in recent years. Colleges and universities across the United States and around the world are increasingly preparing students to be responsible and effective global citizens by creating and implementing comprehensive internationalization plans. One popular framework has been created by the American Council on Education, whose target areas include articulated institutional commitment; administrative leadership, structure, and staffing; curriculum, co­ curriculum, and learning outcomes; faculty policies and practices; student mobility; and collaboration and partnerships (American Council on Education, 2012). Universities have used this framework to assess their campuses’ current initiatives and to create an articulated plan for achieving and measuring outcomes. Marlboro College, a small four-year liberal arts school in southern Vermont, currently does not have a formal comprehensive internationalization strategy. However, services for international students, mobility opportunities for faculty, staff, and students, and funding opportunities for international initiatives all exist to some degree at Marlboro College. This capstone draws together these international offerings and will discuss the strengths and shortcomings in the current model, analyze newly evolving efforts in the college’s strategy to internationalize, and propose new strategies that will further Marlboro\u27s efforts to brand itself as a globally-minded and diverse community. By fully analyzing Marlboro\u27s current offerings, highlighting the diverse faculty, and identifying key improvements, the college\u27s administrators and new president will be able to put a comprehensive plan into action

LC/MS/MS analysis of the endogenous dimethyltryptamine hallucinogens, their precursors, and major metabolites in rat pineal gland microdialysate

We report a qualitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of the three known N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine endogenous hallucinogens, their precursors and metabolites, as well as melatonin and its metabolic precursors. The method was characterized using artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) as the matrix and was subsequently applied to the analysis of rat brain pineal gland‐aCSF microdialysate. The method describes the simultaneous analysis of 23 chemically diverse compounds plus a deuterated internal standard by direct injection, requiring no dilution or extraction of the samples. The results demonstrate that this is a simple, sensitive, specific and direct approach to the qualitative analysis of these compounds in this matrix. The protocol also employs stringent MS confirmatory criteria for the detection and confirmation of the compounds examined, including exact mass measurements. The excellent limits of detection and broad scope make it a valuable research tool for examining the endogenous hallucinogen pathways in the central nervous system. We report here, for the first time, the presence of N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine in pineal gland microdialysate obtained from the rat. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/101767/1/bmc2981.pd

Physical map location of the peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase gene on the Escherichia coli chromosome

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from "http://jb.asm.org".No abstract available

Susceptibility of Northern Minnesota Lakes to Acid Deposition Impacts

ABSTRACT-lake chemistry surveys indicate a large number of lakes with acid neutralizing capability (ANC) below 200 μeq/L occur in northeast Minnesota where shallow soils over bedrock and exposed rock outcrops predominate, and in moraine areas having rolling to steep topography in north-central and east-central Minnesota. In the Boundary Waters area, lake chemistry is strongly associated with bedrock geology. lakes with ANC \u3c100 μeq/L are associated with granite, basalt, and gabbro formations, while lakes with ANC of 100- 200 μeq/L are associated with slate and greenstone formations. In the rest of the state where soils are deep, landform, soil type, and lake hydrology determine lake chemistry. Most low ANC lakes are found in terminal moraine areas. These lakes are generally small ( \u3c40 ha in area), have limited groundwater inflow, and typically classed as precipitation-dominated seepage lakes. Higher ANC lakes (\u3e400 μeq/L) are often associated with agricultural and residential land uses. Relationships found between ANC and bedrock geology, and between ANC and landform and soils, provided the basis for mapping the distribution of low ANC surface waters in Minnesota. Empirical and process models used to evaluate the actual susceptibility of low ANC lakes in the Upper Midwest to acid deposition impacts and indicated precipitation pH 4.6-4.7 is a threshold level for lake acidification. Modeling also indicated lakes with AN

Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) - A Brazilian version: translation and cross-cultural adaptation

BACKGROUND: There is a growing scientific interest in the effects of hallucinogens in general and the religious use of psychoactive brew ayahuasca in Brazil in particular. However, there is not yet a standard instrument used in Brazil to evaluate the effects of hallucinogens. The Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) is a questionnaire widely used in the U.S. and Europe to evaluate the effects of several psychoactive substances, including hallucinogens. OBJECTIVE: To translate and adapt the HRS to Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: We followed three steps: 1) the authors of the article translated the HRS into Portuguese, in order to establish an initial version; 2) two independent translators back-translated this version into English; 3) a revision committee produced a final version of the Brazilian Portuguese version. This final version was developed comparing the initial translations and back-translations, through a dialogic process with the author of the instrument. RESULTS: A final Portuguese version of the HRS, following the guidelines for semantic and conceptual equivalence between English and Portuguese to describe hallucinogen-induced subjective states. DISCUSSION: A Brazilian version of the HRS - an instrument widely used throughout the world to quantify effects of psychoactive drugs - provides a sensitive instrument for evaluation of the effects of hallucinogenic substances in Brazil.CONTEXTO: Existe um crescente interesse científico pelos efeitos de alucinógenos em geral e, particularmente, pelo uso religioso da bebida psicoativa ayahuasca no Brasil. Todavia, não há no Brasil um instrumento padronizado para avaliar os efeitos de alucinógenos. A Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS) é um questionário amplamente usado nos Estados Unidos e na Europa para avaliar os efeitos de diversas substâncias psicoativas, incluindo as alucinógenas. OBJETIVO: Traduzir e adaptar a HRS para o português brasileiro. MÉTODO: A adaptação foi realizada em três etapas: 1) os autores do artigo traduziram a HRS para o português, visando à elaboração de uma versão-síntese inicial; 2) foi feita retrotradução dessa versão para o inglês por dois tradutores independentes; 3) foi elaborada uma versão final em português brasileiro por um comitê de revisão. Esta versão final foi desenvolvida pela comparação entre as traduções iniciais e as retrotraduções, por um processo dialógico com o autor do instrumento. RESULTADOS: Produção da versão final da HRS em português. Observaram-se as diretrizes para equivalência semântica e conceitual entre o português e inglês na descrição de estados subjetivos induzidos por alucinógenos. CONCLUSÃO: Uma versão brasileira da HRS - instrumento largamente empregado em todo o mundo para quantificar os efeitos de psicoativos - fornece um instrumento sensível para a avaliação de efeitos de substâncias alucinógenas no Brasil.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PsiquiatriaUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Departamento de Filosofia e Ciências Humanasda Universidade do Novo México Escola de MedicinaUNIFESP, Depto. de PsiquiatriaSciEL

Escherichia coli peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase gene:regulation of expression and role in protecting against oxidative damage

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from "http://jb.asm.org".The Escherichia coli peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase gene (msrA) encodes a single-subunit polypeptide of 212 amino acid residues (M. A. Rahman, H. Nelson, H. Weissbach, and N. Brot, J. Biol. Chem. 267:15549-15551, 1992). RNA blot analysis showed that the gene is transcribed into an mRNA of about 850 nucleotides. The promoter region was characterized, and the transcription initiation site was identified by primer extension. The synthesis of the MsrA protein increased about threefold in a growth-phase-dependent fashion. In an attempt to define the in vivo role of msrA, a chromosomal disruption was constructed. This mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress, suggesting that oxidation of methionine in proteins plays an important role in oxidative damage

Random mobility and spatial structure often enhance cooperation

The effects of an unconditional move rule in the spatial Prisoner's Dilemma, Snowdrift and Stag Hunt games are studied. Spatial structure by itself is known to modify the outcome of many games when compared with a randomly mixed population, sometimes promoting, sometimes inhibiting cooperation. Here we show that random dilution and mobility may suppress the inhibiting factors of the spatial structure in the Snowdrift game, while enhancing the already larger cooperation found in the Prisoner's dilemma and Stag Hunt games.Comment: Submitted to J. Theor. Bio

The Rate and Effects of Spontaneous Mutation on Fitness Traits in the Social Amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum

We performed a mutation accumulation (MA) experiment in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to estimate the rate and distribution of effects of spontaneous mutations affecting eight putative fitness traits. We found that the per-generation mutation rate for most fitness components is 0.0019 mutations per haploid genome per generation or larger. This rate is an order of magnitude higher than estimates for fitness components in the unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, even though the base-pair substitution rate is two orders of magnitude lower. The high rate of fitness-altering mutations observed in this species may be partially explained by a large mutational target relative to S. cerevisiae. Fitness-altering mutations also may occur primarily at simple sequence repeats, which are common throughout the genome, including in coding regions, and may represent a target that is particularly likely to give fitness effects upon mutation. The majority of mutations had deleterious effects on fitness, but there was evidence for a substantial fraction, up to 40%, being beneficial for some of the putative fitness traits. Competitive ability within the multicellular slug appears to be under weak directional selection, perhaps reflecting the fact that slugs are sometimes, but not often, comprised of multiple clones in nature. Evidence for pleiotropy among fitness components across MA lines was absent, suggesting that mutations tend to act on single fitness components