A quantitative approach to socio-political tension in Russia 1895-1913

Zur Analyse der sozialpolitischen Spannungen im zaristischen Rußland kombiniert die vorliegende Studie Techniken der statischen und dynamischen Analyse in einem Modell von ausgewählten ökonomischen und politischen Parametern. Das entwickelte Modell verfolgt den Zweck, die Vorstellungen über die Ursachen politischer Stabilität zu verfeinern. Für 49 Regierungsbezirke westlich des Urals wird durch eine Cluster-Analyse eine Typologie von revolutionären Phasen und Bewegungen rekonstruiert, die Aufschlüsse über die sozialstrukturelle Zusammensetzung des revolutionären Potentials bis auf die regionale Ebene hin erlaubt. (pmb)'The paper is an attempt to study socio-political conflict in czarist Russia using the combined techniques of static and dynamic analyses under certain economic and political parameters. The study used multiple variables to measure SPT (Socio-Political Tension) for the period from 1895 to 1913, both for the empire as a whole and for the 49 Gouvernements West of the Urals. In our study, a model of SPT was constructed that has the potential for giving us more precise ideas about the causes of political stability. Chronological cluster analysis was shown to be useful in generating a typology of different periods of revolutionary movement in Russia and also permitted the mapping of variables at the regional level. A database was gathered that can be used for further analysis. Some correlations were revealed that were previously unknown to scholars of revolutionary movements in Russia.' (author's abstract

Was the Devonian geomagnetic field dipolar or multipolar? Palaeointensity studies of Devonian igneous rocks from the Minusa Basin (Siberia) and the Kola Peninsula dykes, Russia

Defining variations in the behaviour of the geomagnetic field through geological time is critical to understanding the dynamics of Earth's core and its response to mantle convection and planetary evolution. Furthermore, the question of whether the axial dipole dominance of the recent palaeomagnetic field persists through the whole of Earth's history is fundamental to determining the reliability of palaeogeographic reconstructions and the efficacy of the magnetosphere in shielding Earth from solar wind radiation. Previous palaeomagnetic directional studies have suggested that the palaeofield had a complex configuration in the Devonian period (419–359 Ma). Here we present new high-quality palaeointensity determinations from rocks aged between 408 and 375 Ma from the Minusa Basin (southern Siberia), and the Kola Peninsula that enable the first reliable investigation of the strength of the field during this enigmatic period. Palaeointensity experiments were performed using the thermal Thellier, microwave Thellier and Wilson methods on 165 specimens from 25 sites. Six out of eight successful sites from the Minusa Basin and all four successful sites from the Kola Peninsula produced extremely low palaeointensities (<10 μT). These findings challenge the uniformitarian view of the palaeomagnetic field: field intensities of nearly an order of magnitude lower than Neogene values (except during relatively rare geomagnetic excursions and reversals) together with the widespread appearance of strange directions found in the Devonian suggest that the Earth's field during this time may have had a dominantly multipolar geometry. A persistent, low intensity multipolar magnetic field and associated diminished magnetosphere would increase the impact of solar particles on the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere with potential major implications for Earth's climate and biosphere

Paleomagnetic data for Siberia and Baltica in the context of testing some geodynamic models of the formation of the Central Asian Mobile Belt

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The synthesis of the paleomagnetic data for the Siberian (Siberia) and East European (Baltica) platforms shows that since the Early Paleozoic they could have experienced coherent movements as a part of consolidated continental agglomeration (a composite continent), which also includes the Arctida continent. Based on the paleomagnetic data, the relative positions of the Siberia and Baltica during the Ordovician is reconstructed, and a series of paleogeographical reconstructions describing the drift of the composite continent is suggested. The results of the lithologic–facial analysis of the sedimentation settings within the Ordovician basins of the Siberian and East European platforms and paleoclimatic markers are consistent with the suggested configuration and paleogeographical position of the composite continent. The suggested reconstructions and the ages of detrital zircons from the Early Paleozoic complexes of the platform margins and some objects of the Central Asian Mobile Belt (CAMB) reasonably well agree with the hypothesis (Sengör et al., 1993) which interprets the formation of the structure of CAMB Paleozoides as a result of the evolution of the island arc stretching along the margins of Siberia and Baltica

Paleomagnetism of the devonian basalts and redbeds at the bykovskaya straight (Mouth of lena river, eastern Siberia)

© SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved. We have collected paleomagnetic samples from Late Devonian (Fammennian) basalts and sedimentary redbeds at the Bykovskaya Straight (in the vicinity of Lena River delta). Most studied samples carried interpretable paleomagnetic signal. Three paleomagnetic components have been isolated: A+A’, C, and D. The magnetization of the overwhelmed majority of Late Devonian samples from the Bykovskaya Straight has been reset by modern (or Late Cenozoic) geomagnetic field (component A+A’). The sole site was characterized by the presence of Late Devonian magnetization component it its samples. The virtual pole, calculated from this component, can be used (combined with other virtual poles) to determine the position of the Late Devonian pole for Siberian craton. Studied sedimentary rocks were characterized by the presence of a metachronous syn-folding component. The comparison of the correspondent pole with European reference Apparent Polar Wander Path permits concluding that the folding in the region took place during Middle-Late Jurassic (160-170 Ma)

Paleomagnetism of the upper Riphean deposits in the Turukhansk and Olenek uplifts and Uda Pre-Sayan region and the neoproterozoic drift of the Siberian Platform

© 2015, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. A series of new paleomagnetic results have been recently obtained for the Neoproterozoic of Siberia. Nevertheless, the Neoproterozoic segment of the Apparent Polar Wonder Path (APWP) for this craton and its paleogeography are still unclear. A definite solution of these tasks will certainly take many years of dedicated efforts. However, even now we may take an important step in this direction by establishing the general displacement trend of the Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic poles of the Siberian Platform. For doing this, we need to obtain several high-quality paleomagnetic results whose age corresponds to the least complete (the sparsest) part of the Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic record. In the scope of this task, we carried out paleomagnetic studies of the Late Riphean sedimentary and intrusive rocks from the key Late Riphean sections of the Turukhansk region (Sukhaya Tunguska, Derevnya, and Miroedikha formations), Olenek Uplift (Upper Khaipakh subformation), and Uda Pre-Sayan region (Tagul Formation of the Karagas Group, Nersa intrusion). Based on the results of these investigations, together with the previous data, we suggest two new alternative models of the Neoproterozoic segment for the Siberian APWP and analyze some tectonic implications of these models

Paleomagnetism of Mesoproterozoic margins of the Anabar Shield: A hypothesized billion-year partnership of Siberia and northern Laurentia

© 2016 Elsevier B.V.Siberia and Laurentia have been suggested as near neighbors in Proterozoic supercontinents Nuna and Rodinia, but paleomagnetic evidence has been sparse and ambiguous. Here we present four new paleomagnetic poles from undeformed Paleo-Mesoproterozoic (lower Riphean) sedimentary rocks and mafic intrusions of the northwestern Anabar uplift in northern Siberia. Combining these results with other Proterozoic data from Siberia and Laurentia, we propose a tight juxtaposition of those two blocks (Euler parameters 77°, 098°, 137° for Anabar to North America) spanning the interval 1.7–0.7 Ga, constituting a long-lived connection that outlasted both the Nuna and Rodinia supercontinental assemblages

An exceptionally weak Devonian geomagnetic field recorded by the Viluy Traps, Siberia

The detection of anomalous time averaged geomagnetic behaviour is crucial for understanding past magnetospheric shielding and inferring deep Earth evolution. Links have been suggested between geomagnetic field variation over timescales of tens to hundreds of millions of years and processes near the core–mantle boundary (CMB); however, this becomes difficult to establish prior to the Permo-Carboniferous Reversed Superchron (PCRS; 267–319 Ma) due to a lack of reliable data. To improve the record prior to the PCRS, we present multi-method produced paleointensity results from nines dykes and lava flows from the Viluy Traps, Siberia, emplaced during the Upper Devonian between 376.7 ± 1.7 Ma and 364.4 ± 1.7 Ma. These sites have previously been published as part of two paleodirectional studies, one of which produced the accepted 360 Ma pole for Siberia (Q factor 6). All of the sites produced very weak field values ranging from 4.3–14.9 Z A m2, in close agreement with other recent results from Mid-Lower Devonian Siberian samples. QPI criteria have been used to illustrate the reliability of these new, low paleointensities, confirming the period of weak field suggested by other recent Siberian work, and the period of implied increased incidence of solar wind radiation, extended into the Upper Devonian. Along with evidence for moderate-high reversal frequencies and a potentially significant multipolar component during the Devonian, these weak field values also suggest a significantly different pattern of heat flow across the CMB relative to more recent times

Late Permian palaeomagnetic data east and west of the Urals

We studied Upper Permian redbeds from two areas, one between the Urals and the Volga River in the southeastern part of Baltica and the other in north Kazakhstan within the Ural-Mongol belt, which are about 900 km apart; a limited collection of Lower-Middle Triassic volcanics from north Kazakhstan was also studied. A high-temperature component that shows rectilinear decay to the origin was isolated from most samples of all three collections. For the Late Permian of north Kazakhstan, the area-mean direction of this component is D = 224.3°, I =−56.8°, k = 161, Α 95 = 2.7°, N = 18 sites, palaeopole at 53.4°N, 161.3°E; the fold test is positive. The Triassic result ( D = 55.9°, I =+69.1°, k = 208, Α 95 = 4.2°, N = 7 sites, pole at 57.0°N, 134.1°E) is confirmed by a positive reversal test. The corresponding palaeomagnetic poles from north Kazakhstan show good agreement with the APWP for Baltica, thus indicating no substantial motion between the two areas that are separated by the Urals. Our new mean Late Permian direction for SE Baltica ( D = 42.2°, I = 39.2°, k = 94, Α 95 = 3.5°, N = 17 sites; palaeopole at 45.6°N, 170.2°E) is confirmed as near-primary by a positive tilt test and the presence of dual-polarity directions. The corresponding pole also falls on the APWP of Baltica, but is far-sided with respect to the coeval reference poles, as the observed mean inclination is shallower than expected by 13°± 4°. In principle, lower-than-expected inclinations may be attributed to one or more of the following causes: relative tectonic displacements, quadrupole and octupole terms in the geomagnetic field, higher-order harmonics (incl. secular variation) of the same field, random scatter, non-removed overprints, or inclination error during remanence acquisition and/or diagenetic compaction. Our analysis shows that most mechanisms from the above list cannot explain the observed pattern, leaving as the most likely option that it must be accounted for by inclination shallowing. Comparison with selected coeval results from eastern Baltica (all within Russia) shows that all of them are biased in the same way. This implies that they cannot be used for analysis of geomagnetic field characteristics, such as non-dipole contributions, without a more adequate knowledge of the required correction for inclination shallowing.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71899/1/j.1365-246X.2008.03727.x.pd

The role of social stereotypes in the process of professional self-determination of youth

Background. The problem of young people’s choice of profession is currently one of the most pressing, which is due to a number of objective reasons associated with the transformation of the labor market, as well as subjective orientations and attitudes of young people. The purpose of the study is to analyze the role of social stereotypes about humani-tarian training areas and specialties in the process of professional self-determination of young people. Materials and methods. The methods of scientific analysis and generaliza-tion of the provisions of classical sociological theories, modern scientific literature, as well as statistical information on the research problems constituted the methodological basis of the study. The empirical basis of the research is the author’s sociological survey conducted among the students of the Volga Institute of Management – Branch of RANEPA and Sara-tov State National Research University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky (2022, n = 632). Results. The sociological research conducted by the author indicates that the existence of social stereotypes about professions is one of the significant factors influencing the process of professional self-determination of young people. Information contained in social stereo-types often distorts young people's ideas about professions and complicates their choice. Humanities professions are the most susceptible to stereotyping. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the need for systematic work with existing social stereotypes about professions. However, such work should be carried out not only by higher education institu-tions, but also by other social institutions and organizations