Contextual viewpoint to quantum stochastics

We study the role of context, complex of physical conditions, in quantum as well as classical experiments. It is shown that by taking into account contextual dependence of experimental probabilities we can derive the quantum rule for the addition of probabilities of alternatives. Thus we obtain quantum interference without applying to wave or Hilbert space approach. The Hilbert space representation of contextual probabilities is obtained as a consequence of the elementary geometric fact: $\cos$-theorem. By using another fact from elementary algebra we obtain complex-amplitude representation of probabilities. Finally, we found contextual origin of noncommutativity of incompatible observables

Possible Experience: from Boole to Bell

Mainstream interpretations of quantum theory maintain that violations of the Bell inequalities deny at least either realism or Einstein locality. Here we investigate the premises of the Bell-type inequalities by returning to earlier inequalities presented by Boole and the findings of Vorob'ev as related to these inequalities. These findings together with a space-time generalization of Boole's elements of logic lead us to a completely transparent Einstein local counterexample from everyday life that violates certain variations of the Bell inequalities. We show that the counterexample suggests an interpretation of the Born rule as a pre-measure of probability that can be transformed into a Kolmogorov probability measure by certain Einstein local space-time characterizations of the involved random variables.Comment: Published in: EPL, 87 (2009) 6000

Contextualist viewpoint to Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger paradox

We present probabilistic analysis of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) scheme in the contextualist framework, namely under the assumption that distributions of hidden variables depend on settings of measurement devices. On one hand, we found classes of probability distributions of hidden variables for that the GHZ scheme does not imply a contradiction between the local realism and quantum formalism. On the other hand, we found classes of probability distributions of hidden variables for that the GHZ scheme still induce such a contradiction (despite variations of distributions). It is also demonstrated that (well known in probability theory) singularity/absolute continuity dichotomy for probability distributions is closely related to the GHZ paradox. Our conjecture is that this GHZ-coupling between singularity/absolute continuity dichotomy and incompatible/compatible measurements might be a general feature of quantum theory.Comment: By taking into account contextualism of probabilities, i.e., dependence on complexes of experimental physical conditions, we resolve GHZ-parado

Penggunaan Media Quiziz Sebagai Sarana Pengembangan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

Keberadaan teknologi pada saat pembelajaran harus dianggap terbiasa, bahkan dimasa yang akan datang komputer dianggap sama keberadaannya dengan media alat tulis ataupun media yang tidak tergolong dalam teknologi di setiap ruangan kelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplor pemikiran kritis siswa melalui media quizizz. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitik. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa penggunaan media quizizz dan teka-teki silang berbasis website dapat membentuk daya berpikir kritis saat menjawab pertanyaan kuis. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan pengamatan atau observasi via zoom saat pengerjaan sedang dimulai. Tidak hanya itu observasi juga melihat hasil akhir pengerjaan dalam siswa menjawab kuis-kuis quizizz dan teka-teki silang. Penggunaan media website permainan edukasi dalam pembelajaran online dengan media quizizz dan teka-teki silang menunjukkan hasil bahwa mampu membentuk berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran online. Media mampu merangsang proses kecerdasan dan kemampuan berpikir siswa dengan berbagai konten keilmuan didalamny

Prebiotics: why definitions matter.

The prebiotic concept was introduced twenty years ago, and despite several revisions to the original definition, the scientific community has continued to debate what it means to be a prebiotic. How prebiotics are defined is important not only for the scientific community, but also for regulatory agencies, the food industry, consumers and healthcare professionals. Recent developments in community-wide sequencing and glycomics have revealed that more complex interactions occur between putative prebiotic substrates and the gut microbiota than previously considered. A consensus among scientists on the most appropriate definition of a prebiotic is necessary to enable continued use of the term