André Marty : l'homme, l'affaire, l'archive

Ce livre est consacré à André Marty, figure emblématique du communisme français et international. Il présente à la fois des études inédites qui éclairent des aspects peu connus de sa vie et de son engagement politique et un guide exhaustif de ses fonds d'archives, conservés dans différentes institutions. L' Institut français d'histoire sociale, les archives du Parti communiste français, les archives du Musée de de la Résistance et le Centre d'histoire sociale du XXe siècle ont participé à la réalisation de ce guide au sein du Collectif des centres de documentation en histoire ouvrière et sociale (CODHOS

L’épargne Salariale en France : une rémunération des salariés au service de la création de valeur actionnariale

The thesis aims to analyze the development of employee financial participation from the angle of its contribution to the realization of shareholders value creation by firms. If much research has analyzed profit sharing and employee stock ownership as incentives, we propose an alternative approach that considers financial participation as a mechanism of redistribution which contributes to limit the growth of wage bill and improve the control of cash flow. In fact, financial participation schemes could be favorable for statements of finances because they reduce the need for working capital, and in the case of employee ownership with increase of capital, it could raise working capital. The correspondence analysis of a sample of firms from two DARES and INSEE databases shows there is a statistical association between the payment of profit sharing bonuses and favorable statements of finances, even if this relationship needs further investigation. However, employee ownership plans seem to have no effect on financial statement, on the one hand because shareholder value creation imposes a restrictive management of capital stock and, on the other hand because employee ownership is mostly used as a hostile takeover defense so as to favour management entrenchment as shown by the studies of the groups Société Générale and Casino.Cette thèse analyse le développement de l’épargne salariale sous l’angle de sa contribution à la réalisation des objectifs de création de valeur pour l’actionnaire par les entreprises. Si de nombreux travaux de recherche ont analysé les dispositifs de partage de profits ou d’actionnariat salarié comme des mécanismes d’incitation nous proposons ici une approche alternative considérant l’épargne salariale comme un mécanisme de redistribution qui contribue à limiter l’accroissement de la masse salariale (statut fiscal et social, effet déport) et à améliorer la gestion des liquidités. Les dispositifs d’épargne salariale peuvent avoir un impact favorable sur la situation de trésorerie en limitant l’accroissement du Besoin en Fonds de Roulement, et, dans le cas de l’actionnariat salarié par augmentation de capital, en accroissant le Fonds de Roulement. L’analyse factorielle des correspondances d’un échantillon d’entreprises issu de deux enquêtes de la DARES et de l’INSEE montre qu’il existe une association statistique entre la distribution de primes d’intéressement et de participation et une situation de trésorerie favorable, même si le sens de relation reste à éclaircir. En revanche, l’actionnariat des salariés ne semble avoir aucun impact sur la situation financière de l’entreprise, d’une part, parce que la création de valeur actionnariale impose plutôt une gestion restrictive des capitaux propres et, d’autre part, parce que l’actionnariat salarié est surtout développé afin de se protéger des prises de contrôle hostiles dans le cadre de stratégies d’enracinement des dirigeants comme le montre l’étude des groupes Société Générale et Casino

Transient Response of a Plate-Liquid System Under an Aerial Detonation : Simulation and Experiments

International audienceThis paper presents a mixed numerical approach to model the blast waves generated by the detonation of a spherical stoichiometric mixture of propane and oxygen, impacting a plate-liquid system. The problem is split into two parts. The first calculation part relies on the modeling of the blast load and its propaga-tion. Over-pressure distribution, in this part, is presented and reveals a very good level of agreement with experimental results. The time and space scales of the blast load data must be compatible with the plate- liquid system. This compatibility is ensured by an appropriate spatio-temporal interpolation technique. This technique is presented and its effectiveness and accuracy are demonstrated. The second part consists in modeling the response of the coupled plate-liquid system under the numerical blast load model. Experiments at reduced scale are carried out in two configurations in order to assess the effectiveness of this mixed numerical approach. Convincing results are obtained and discussed

Une étude expérimentale de la fissuration de plaques métalliques en dynamique rapide

National audienceExperiments are achieved in dynamic cracking on thin notched metallic plates loaded by explosions. These experiments allowed to link the parameters - classes of materials with different ductilities, thickness of samples, kinds of loading - to the different ways of cracking. Cracking is characterised by the size and the shape of the crack, its fracture facies and propagation velocity.Des expérimentations sont réalisées sur la propagation dynamique de fissures dans des plaques métalliques minces, entaillées, sollicitées par explosions. Ces expériences ont permis de lier les paramètres - nature du matériau (en fonction de la ductilité), épaisseur des plaques, mode de chargement - à la fissuration qui se caractérise par la taille de fissure, son faciès et sa vitesse de propagation

New protective battle-dress impregnated against mosquito vector bites

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mixing repellent and organophosphate (OP) insecticides to better control pyrethroid resistant mosquito vectors is a promising strategy developed for bed net impregnation. Here, we investigated the opportunity to adapt this strategy to personal protection in the form of impregnated clothes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We compared standard permethrin impregnated uniforms with uniforms manually impregnated with the repellent KBR3023 alone and in combination with an organophosphate, Pirimiphos-Methyl (PM). Tests were carried out with <it>Aedes aegypti</it>, the dengue fever vector, at dusk in experimental huts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results showed that the personal protection provided by repellent KBR3023-impregnated uniforms is equal to permethrin treated uniforms and that KBR3023/PM-impregnated uniforms are more protective.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The use of repellents alone or combined with OP on clothes could be promising for personal protection of military troops and travellers if residual activity of the repellents is extended and safety is verified.</p

When intensity of deltamethrin resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. leads to loss of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets bio-efficacy : a case study in north Cameroon

Background: In Cameroon, insecticide resistance in Anopheles (An.) gambiae s.l. has been reported in several foci, prompting further investigations on associated patterns of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) bio-efficacy. The current study, conducted from June to August 2011, explored the intensity of deltamethrin resistance in An. gambiae s.l. from Pitoa and its impact on the residual bio-efficacy of LifeNet, a LLIN with deltamethrin incorporated into polypropylene nets (PND). Methods: Two-four days old females An. gambiae s.l. reared from larval collections in Pitoa were tested for susceptibility to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin, using standard World Health Organization (WHO) tube assays. Intensity of deltamethrin resistance was explored using WHO tube assays, but across six working concentrations from 0.001 % to 0.5 %. Bio-efficacy of unwashed and washed PND was assessed using WHO cone test. Species identification and kdr 1014 genotyping were performed on mosquito samples that were not exposed to insecticides, using PCR-RFLP and HOLA methods respectively. The Kisumu reference susceptible strain of An. gambiae s.s. was used for comparisons. Results: A total of 1895 An. gambiae s.l. specimens from Pitoa were used for resistance and PND bio-efficacy testing. This mosquito population was resistant to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin, with 18-40 min knockdown times for 50 % of tested mosquitoes and 59-77 % mortality. Deltamethrin Resistance Ratio compared with the Kisumu strain was estimated at >= 500 fold. LifeNets were effective against the susceptible Kisumu (100 % knockdown (KD60min) and mortality) and the resistant Pitoa samples (95 % KD60min, 83-95 % mortality). However, the bio-efficacy gradually dropped against the Pitoa samples when nets were washed (X-2 = 35.887, df = 8, p < 0.001), and fell under the WHO efficacy threshold (80 % mortality and/or 95 % KD60min) between 10 and 15 washes. The Pitoa samples were composed of three sibling species: An. arabiensis (132/154, 86 %), An. coluzzii (19/154, 12 %) and An. gambiae s.s. (3/154, 2 %). The kdr L1014F allele was found only in An. coluzzii (N-positive = 13/19), at 34 % frequency and heterozygote stage. No specimen carried the kdr L1014S allele. Conclusions: The current study showed that LifeNet might still offer some protection against the resistant An. gambiae s.l. population from Pitoa, provided appropriate dose of insecticide is available on the nets