Isolated Single-stage Power Electronic Building Blocks Using Medium Voltage Series-stacked Wide-bandgap Switches

The demand for efficient power conversion systems that can process the energy at high power and voltage levels is increasing every day. These systems are to be used in microgrid applications. Wide-bandgap semiconductor devices (i.e. Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices) are very promising candidates due to their lower conduction and switching losses compared to the state-of-the-art Silicon (Si) devices. The main challenge for these devices is that their breakdown voltages are relatively lower compared to their Si counterpart. In addition, the high frequency operation of the wide-bandgap devices are impeded in many cases by the magnetic core losses of the magnetic coupling components (i.e. coupled inductors and/or high frequency transformers) utilized in the power converter circuit. Six new dc-dc converter topologies are propose. The converters have reduced voltage stresses on the switches. Three of them are unidirectional step-up converters with universal input voltage which make them excellent candidates for photovoltaic and fuel cell applications. The other three converters are bidirectional dc-dc converters with wide voltage conversion ratios. These converters are very good candidates for the applications that require bidirectional power flow capability. In addition, the wide voltage conversion ratios of these converters can be utilized for applications such as energy storage systems with wide voltage swings

Bone turnover biomarkers in obese postmenopausal Saudi women with type-ІІ diabetes mellitus

Background: There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus type-2 (T2DM) and osteoporosis are problems worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between T2DM and bone turnover in diabetic obese postmenopausal Saudi women.Subjects and Methods: The present study included total of 65 T2-DM obese postmenopausal Saudi women, (36 uncontrolled, 29 controlled) .The following serum biochemical parameters were evaluated [fasting blood glucose (FBG),total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-(OH)2Vitamin D3 ,osteocalcin (OC), procollagen (PICP) and cathepsin k (Cath K) ].Results: Serum OC levels were significantly decreased in diabetic obese postmenopausal group compared to their respective healthy group (P < 0.004). PICP and Cath K were significantly elevated in diabetic postmenopausal group compared to the healthy group ( P < 0.024 & 0.001). A significant elevation in 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3, Ca and Pi levels in diabetic obese postmenopausal patients group compared to the healthy group. However, a non-significant changes was observed in serum PTH level between different groups.Conclusion: In this study, the changes in the biochemical parameters and bone turnover markers in obese women are strong risk factors for diabetes development that may contribute to osteopenia and osteoporosis. The study showed the strong effect of T2DM on biochemical markers of bone turnover in obese postmenopausal Saudi women.Keyword: Diabetes mellitus type-2, Bone markers, Postmenopausa

CONDUCTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIHISTAMINIC DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING SILVER NITRATE AS A TITRANT

Objectives: The present study developed and validated a conductometric method for determination of Diphenhydramine HCl (DPH) in its pure form and in a syrup formulation using silver nitrate (AgNO3 ).Methods: Conductometric titration method was achieved by using AgNO3. The method is built on the reaction of chloride ions coming from the DPH with AgNO3 yielding silver chloride precipitate. Conductance of the solution is measured as a function of the volume of titrant. The proposed method is linear over the range of 1-10mg.Results: Statistical analysis of the experimental results indicates that the method is precise and accurate. The accuracy of the method is indicated by the excellent recovery and the precision is supported by the low relative standard deviation (< 0.935). The method was also applied successively to a pharmaceutical syrup formulation. The proposed method provides a high degree of accuracy and precision. Results showed that there is no significant difference between the proposed method and the reported one.Conclusions: This proposed method is described as an alternative approach to the more complex and expensive previously reported methods for assay of DPH and is highly reproducible as compared to similar reported methods.Â

On the Application of Data Clustering Algorithm used in Information Retrieval for Satellite Imagery Segmentation

This study proposes an automated technique for segmenting satellite imagery using unsupervised learning. Autoencoders, a type of neural network, are employed for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction. The study evaluates different segmentation architectures and encoders and identifies the best performing combination as the DeepLabv3+ architecture with a ResNet-152 encoder. This approach achieves high performance scores across multiple metrics and can be beneficial in various fields, including agriculture, land use monitoring, and disaster response

The Concept of Text from the Perspective of Heritage and Modernity: Its Impact on Formulating the Theory of a Literary Text

This research aims to discuss the problem of the textual concept in the Arab critical heritage and the Western critical thought and to show its impact on formulating the contemporary literary textual theory. It is the problem that stems from the assumption that Arab critical thought has originated in the components of this theory, which we find have roots and references in our critical, literary, rhetorical and philosophical heritage. Hence, the textual theory in the contemporary critical thought is an extension of this legacy, benefiting from the achievements of philosophers, linguists and critics, and the achievements of contemporary critical approaches. The research attempts answer some important questions such as: was the critical study concerned with theorizing the text? Does the critical heritage have the mechanisms for dealing with the text? What is the role of this critical heritage in the formulation of contemporary literary textual theory? To answer these questions, we follow a procedural plan that falls into three axes. The first one is dedicated to the analysis of the components of textual theory and its references in our critical and rhetorical heritage. The second one is devoted to the components of the textual theory in the Western critical thought. The last one is dedicated to the effect of the concept of the text in formulating the features and dimensions of the literary textual theory

Emission and Performance Study of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Preheated Biodiesel from Exhaust Waste Energy

The need for alternative fuel instead of conventional fossil fuels (diesel or gasoline) has recently increased for several reasons, including the expected shortage of petroleum fossil fuels and the production of pollution by transportation. Consequently, researchers are interested in finding new alternative fuels. At present, the number of studies on biodiesel as a compression ignition engine fuel has increased. Current studies are mainly concerned with studying the use of exhaust gas temperature to preheat biodiesel fuel before it enters the combustion chamber. A heat exchanger is designed to increase the temperature of the biodiesel fuel prior to the combustion process. The performance characteristics of diesel engines and the emission of pollutants resulting from this modification were investigated under different operating conditions, including different engine loads and speeds. The results showed clear improvements in engine performance, including improved output power, specific fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The engine power and specific fuel consumption improvements as a result of preheating reached up to 1.3 % and 8.27 %, respectively. Pollutant emission also decreased obviously, with carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission decreases of 12.95 % and 12.85 %, respectively. However, the emission of nitrogen oxides increased by 4.39 %

Modelling Type 1 and 2 Wind Turbines based on IEC 61400-27-1: Transient Response under Voltage Dips

[EN] Wind power plants depend greatly on weather conditions, thus being considered intermittent, uncertain and non-dispatchable. Due to the massive integration of this energy resource in the recent decades, it is important that transmission and distribution system operators are able to model their electrical behaviour in terms of steady-state power flow, transient dynamic stability, and short-circuit currents. Consequently, in 2015, the International Electrotechnical Commission published Standard IEC 61400-27-1, which includes generic models for wind power generation in order to estimate the electrical characteristics of wind turbines at the connection point. This paper presents, describes and details the models for wind turbine topologies Types 1 and 2 following IEC 61400-27-1 for electrical simulation purposes, including the values for the parameters for the different subsystems. A hardware-in-the-loop combined with a real-time simulator is also used to analyse the response of such wind turbine topologies under voltage dips. The evolution of active and reactive powers is discussed, together with the wind turbine rotor and generator rotational speeds.This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Union -FEDER Funds, ENE2016-78214-C2-1-R-; and the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports -ref. FPU16/04282-.García-Sánchez, TM.; Muñoz-Benavente, I.; Gómez-Lázaro, E.; Fernández-Guillamón, A. (2020). Modelling Type 1 and 2 Wind Turbines based on IEC 61400-27-1: Transient Response under Voltage Dips. Energies. 13(16):1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164078S1191316Fernández-Guillamón, A., Villena-Lapaz, J., Vigueras-Rodríguez, A., García-Sánchez, T., & Molina-García, Á. (2018). An Adaptive Frequency Strategy for Variable Speed Wind Turbines: Application to High Wind Integration Into Power Systems. 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Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 392(18), 4106-4120. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2013.04.038Fernández‐Guillamón, A., Vigueras‐Rodríguez, A., & Molina‐García, Á. (2019). Analysis of power system inertia estimation in high wind power plant integration scenarios. IET Renewable Power Generation, 13(15), 2807-2816. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0220Heredia, F.-J., Cuadrado, M. D., & Corchero, C. (2018). On optimal participation in the electricity markets of wind power plants with battery energy storage systems. Computers & Operations Research, 96, 316-329. doi:10.1016/j.cor.2018.03.004Zhang, W., & Fang, K. (2017). Controlling active power of wind farms to participate in load frequency control of power systems. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 11(9), 2194-2203. doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.1471Honrubia-Escribano, A., Gómez-Lázaro, E., Fortmann, J., Sørensen, P., & Martin-Martinez, S. (2018). Generic dynamic wind turbine models for power system stability analysis: A comprehensive review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 1939-1952. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.005Moschitta, A., Carbone, P., & Muscas, C. (2011). Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test for Voltage Dip Detection. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 60(5), 1644-1653. doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2113110Moschitta, A., Carbone, P., & Muscas, C. (2012). Performance Comparison of Advanced Techniques for Voltage Dip Detection. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 61(5), 1494-1502. doi:10.1109/tim.2012.2183436Gallo, D., Landi, C., Luiso, M., & Fiorucci, E. (2014). Survey on Voltage Dip Measurements in Standard Framework. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 63(2), 374-387. doi:10.1109/tim.2013.2278996Ipinnimo, O., Chowdhury, S., Chowdhury, S. P., & Mitra, J. (2013). A review of voltage dip mitigation techniques with distributed generation in electricity networks. Electric Power Systems Research, 103, 28-36. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2013.05.004Hossain, M. J., Pota, H. R., Ugrinovskii, V. A., & Ramos, R. A. (2010). Simultaneous STATCOM and Pitch Angle Control for Improved LVRT Capability of Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 1(3), 142-151. doi:10.1109/tste.2010.2054118Hossain, M. J., Pota, H. R., & Ramos, R. A. (2011). Robust STATCOM control for the stabilisation of fixed-speed wind turbines during low voltages. Renewable Energy, 36(11), 2897-2905. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.010Hossain, M. J., Pota, H. R., & Ramos, R. A. (2012). Improved low-voltage-ride-through capability of fixed-speed wind turbines using decentralised control of STATCOM with energy storage system. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 6(8), 719. doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0537Wessels, C., Hoffmann, N., Molinas, M., & Fuchs, F. W. (2013). StatCom control at wind farms with fixed-speed induction generators under asymmetrical grid faults. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(7), 2864-2873. doi:10.1109/tie.2012.2233694Obando-Montaño, A., Carrillo, C., Cidrás, J., & Díaz-Dorado, E. (2014). A STATCOM with Supercapacitors for Low-Voltage Ride-Through in Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines. Energies, 7(9), 5922-5952. doi:10.3390/en7095922Moghadasi, A., Sarwat, A., & Guerrero, J. M. (2016). A comprehensive review of low-voltage-ride-through methods for fixed-speed wind power generators. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 823-839. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.020Heydari-doostabad, H., Khalghani, M. R., & Khooban, M. H. (2016). A novel control system design to improve LVRT capability of fixed speed wind turbines using STATCOM in presence of voltage fault. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 77, 280-286. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.011Fortmann, J., Engelhardt, S., Kretschmann, J., Feltes, C., & Erlich, I. (2014). New Generic Model of DFG-Based Wind Turbines for RMS-Type Simulation. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 29(1), 110-118. doi:10.1109/tec.2013.2287251Goksu, O., Altin, M., Fortmann, J., & Sorensen, P. E. (2016). Field Validation of IEC 61400-27-1 Wind Generation Type 3 Model With Plant Power Factor Controller. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 31(3), 1170-1178. doi:10.1109/tec.2016.2540006Honrubia-Escribano, A., Jiménez-Buendía, F., Gómez-Lázaro, E., & Fortmann, J. (2016). Validation of Generic Models for Variable Speed Operation Wind Turbines Following the Recent Guidelines Issued by IEC 61400-27. Energies, 9(12), 1048. doi:10.3390/en9121048Honrubia-Escribano, A., Jimenez-Buendia, F., Gomez-Lazaro, E., & Fortmann, J. (2018). Field Validation of a Standard Type 3 Wind Turbine Model for Power System Stability, According to the Requirements Imposed by IEC 61400-27-1. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 33(1), 137-145. doi:10.1109/tec.2017.2737703Lorenzo-Bonache, A., Honrubia-Escribano, A., Jiménez-Buendía, F., Molina-García, Á., & Gómez-Lázaro, E. (2017). Generic Type 3 Wind Turbine Model Based on IEC 61400-27-1: Parameter Analysis and Transient Response under Voltage Dips. Energies, 10(9), 1441. doi:10.3390/en10091441Honrubia-Escribano, A., Jiménez-Buendía, F., Sosa-Avendaño, J. L., Gartmann, P., Frahm, S., Fortmann, J., … Gómez-Lázaro, E. (2019). Fault-Ride Trough Validation of IEC 61400-27-1 Type 3 and Type 4 Models of Different Wind Turbine Manufacturers. Energies, 12(16), 3039. doi:10.3390/en12163039Wang, L., Zhang, Z., Long, H., Xu, J., & Liu, R. (2017). Wind Turbine Gearbox Failure Identification With Deep Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 13(3), 1360-1368. doi:10.1109/tii.2016.2607179Hansen, A. D., & Hansen, L. H. (2007). Wind turbine concept market penetration over 10 years (1995–2004). Wind Energy, 10(1), 81-97. doi:10.1002/we.210IEC 61400-27-1. Electrical Simulation Models—Wind Turbines; Technical Reporthttps://webstore.iec.ch/publication/21811Vázquez-Hernández, C., Serrano-González, J., & Centeno, G. (2017). A Market-Based Analysis on the Main Characteristics of Gearboxes Used in Onshore Wind Turbines. Energies, 10(11), 1686. doi:10.3390/en10111686Duong, M., Grimaccia, F., Leva, S., Mussetta, M., & Le, K. (2015). Improving Transient Stability in a Grid-Connected Squirrel-Cage Induction Generator Wind Turbine System Using a Fuzzy Logic Controller. Energies, 8(7), 6328-6349. doi:10.3390/en8076328Cheng, M., & Zhu, Y. (2014). The state of the art of wind energy conversion systems and technologies: A review. Energy Conversion and Management, 88, 332-347. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.037Pinar Pérez, J. M., García Márquez, F. P., Tobias, A., & Papaelias, M. (2013). Wind turbine reliability analysis. 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Assessment of Emissions from Cement Plants Using AERMOD Modeling

Coal combustion generates many gases and emissions which are harmful to public health and the environment. So, it is necessary to assess the health risks for the people living in the nearby cement plants that use coal as a fuel. In this article, a health risk assessment HRA was carried out concerning the air emissions from a cement plant in the heavy industry area located at Beni Suef governorate - Egypt. The article handles the assessment of the health risks for pollutants classified as non-carcinogenic i.e. sulfur dioxide - mercury and the health risks for pollutants classified as carcinogenic i.e. arsenic – chromium VI. An Air dispersion modeling program AERMOD is used to measure and evaluate long and short terms health impacts to expect the concentration of pollutants at the ground level within 30 km radius of the studied cement plant. The emissions measurements findings are used as input to the model in addition to some factors such as meteorology and surrounding terrain. Consequently, the program can implement simulations for the emissions concentration level of the mentioned pollutants and their effects on the population at Jazirat Abu Salih village, which is 10 km far from the studied cement plant. The results for mentioned pollutants concentrations levels matched with acceptance and safe levels of ambient air quality standards. In addition, the increment lifetime cancer risk ILCR by inhalation was calculated for arsenic and chromium and all results conformed with the safe and accepted limits

Carbon stored in kenaf fiber utilization of biocomposite applications into automative components

The aim of this research is to assess the environmental impacts of the carbon dioxide sequestration and emission of kenaf cultivation and stored carbon in kenaf fiber used for automotive components; The data was collected through an interview as well as the data on kenaf' cultivated area in the four states (Pahang, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perak) in 2014 which were obtained from the (National Company for Kenaf and Tobacco-Malaysia). The three scenarios of kenaf production (10, 12& 15) ton per hectare has been assumed. The kenaf production ton/hectare has been converted to fibre. Then, the carbon which has been stored in the fiber for use in automotive components has been calculated. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel software13 while some of the data were analysed using SPSS22. The results depicted that, the Pahang state has the highest contributor to environmental performance.In addition, the investigation has concluded that the usage of kenaf core and bast altogether as composite materials with other fillers for automotive components will enhance in mitigating the pressure to the environment by storing much carbon in the auto body. Also, this will give a superior industrial product through the lifetime of the automobile when the percentage of the fiber in the manufactured components was increased

Effect of individual, simultaneous and sequential inoculation of pseudomonas fluorescens and meloidogyne incognita on growth, biochemical, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum l.)

This study was conducted on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. K-21) to investigate the bioprotective nature of Pseudomonas fluorescens and its interactive effects with Meloidogyne incognita in terms of growth biomarkers, changes in biochemical attributes and modulation in antioxidant enzymes of the tomato plant. In this study, we grew tomato plants with M. incognita and P. fluorescens in separate pots, simultaneously and sequentially (15 days prior or post) after 15 days of seed sowing. The sequential inoculation of Mi15→Pf maximally increased the root-knot index and decreased the nematode population. It was also noted that inoculation suppressed the plant growth biomarkers in comparison to control. However, maximum suppression in nematode reproduction and increment in growth and physiological attributes were observed when P. fluorescens was applied 15 days prior to the nematode (Pf15→Mi) as compared to control. All the treatments showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Expression of phenol content and defensive enzymes such as peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, in contrast to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) contents when compared with the untreated inoculated plants. However, the highest levels of POX and SOD, and a lowest of phenol, MDA and H2 O2 were displayed in the treatment Pf15→Mi, followed by Mi+Pf and Mi15→Pf