Europe’s trade policy with India and China

Außenhandelspolitik, EU-Staaten, China, Indien, Foreign trade policy, EU countries, India

A 16-week run sprint interval training does not have an effect on cardiovascular risk measured by Framingham risk score on prediabetic women

The Framingham risk score (FRS) was developed to determine the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the next 10 years using an individual’s age, gender, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), smoking habits, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Run-sprint interval training (R-SIT) has shown improvements in various health and blood markers while reducing total exercise time. To date there has not been a study that examines the effects of R-SIT and moderate intensity training (MIT) on framingham risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if a reduction of the 10-year risk of CVD (determined by Framingham CVD risk calculator), is greater in an R-SIT experimental group compared to a moderate intensity group (MIT) of sedentary prediabetic women, after a 16-week intervention. Participants were randomized into R-SIT (n=6) or MIT (n=9) groups and required to attend 3 weekly training sessions and 1 weekly Diabetes Prevention Program session for 16-weeks. During the first 4 weeks, R-SIT performed 4x30s maximal sprints on a treadmill at a self-selected speed and incline, followed by a 4-min active recovery between intervals. Intervals increased by 2 every 4 weeks. MIT walked continuously at 45-55% Heart Rate Reserve for 30-mins during the first 4 weeks, and increased by 10-mins every 4 weeks. FRS markers were measured at baseline, mid, and post intervention. After 16-weeks of exercise training, there was a significant time by group interaction in weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Body Fat Percent (BF%). T-tests indicate MIT significantly decreased in weight (-2.60+1.32 kg), BF% (-1.58+1.54), and BMI (-2.42+1.32 kg). R-SIT significantly changed in BF% from baseline to mid (-2.33+0.72) and mid to post (+1.53+0.46), but not from baseline to post (-2.16+2.53). Additionally, there was a trend toward significant improvements in BMI (p=0.078) and lean body mass (p=0.059) (-0.85+0.06 kg/m2, +1.05+0.46 kg, respectively). Lastly, R-SIT participants also significantly decreased changes in TGs from midline to post (-23.33+17.92 mg/dL). Though FRS and Vascular Age (VA) were significantly different between groups at all three time points, there were no significant within-group changes observed The major findings of this study were that after 16-weeks of exercise training, MIT had significant within-group decreases for weight, BMI, and BF%, while R-SIT significantly decreased BF% and increased VO2max (mLkg-1min-1). In conclusion, though previous R-SIT and HIIT studies have suggested improved body composition and cardiovascular risk factors when compared to MIT, the present study only observed significant changes in body composition and minimal changes to CVD risk factors. Additional research is needed to further understand the effects of R-SIT on blood lipid profiles and its relationship with CVD, especially in the clinical population

DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN HANDPHONE TERHADAP PERILAKU BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI SMA YAYASAN SUB BYAKI FYADI KABUPATEN BIAK NUMFOR

Penggunaan Handphone di kalangan peserta didik SMA sudah menjadi hal biasa, apalagi dengan fitur-fitur canggih dalam handphone yang mampu menyimpan file-file seperti filem porno, ketergantungan-ketergantungan dengan fitur-fitur di dunia maya seperti facebook, twiter, instagram, BBM dan lain-lain  sudah tentu mamberi dampak baik maupun tidak baik akibat penyalahgunan handphone tersebut.Tidak terkecuali peserta didik SMA Yayasan Sub Byaki Fyadi sudah tentu telah menggunakan handphone dalam aktivitas sehari-hari bahkan dalam jam-jam belajar sekalipun dalam observasi awal pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2016/2017 ditemukan gejala  bahwa sebagian besar peserta didik SMA Yayasan Sub Byaki Fyadi sudah memakai handphone sebagai alat komunikasi bahkan sempat peneliti berinteraksi dengan beberapa peserta didik ternyata mereka mengatakan bahwa mereka menggunakan handphone untuk komunikasi dengan teman, orang tua, kakak, saudara, bahkan dengan guru mereka. Patut diduga bahwa kejadian yang terlihat di lingkungan SMA Yayasan Sub Byaki Fyadi tidak dapat terkirakan dari pengaruh negatif sebagaimana yang di kemukakan di atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui bagaimana perubahan sosial dalam bidang komunikasi, (2) mengetahui seberapa besar Perubahan sosial dalam bidang komunikasi, dan (3) mengetahui bagaimana dampak penggunaan handphone terhadap perilaku belajar peserta didik di SMA Yayasan Sub Byaki Fyadi. Tipe penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, yaitu gambaran atau lukisan secara sistematif, faktual dan akurat tentang faktor-faktor dilapangan yang berhubungan dengan kondisi di lapangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Penggunaan hanphone bagi peserta didik ada baiknya, akan tetapi ada juga buruknya. Baiknya itu jika peserta didik yang menggunakan handphone sesuai dengan fungsinya seperti, sms sama teman, sahabat serta untuk mencari tugas-tugas sekolah yang diberikan dari guru kepada peserta didik.  Namun selain manfaat yang baik juga pasti ada buruknya seperti setiap jam pelajaran ada peserta didik yang main handphone di belakang dan tidak mendengar penyampaian materi dari guru. Kemudian setelah memiliki handphone sudah jarang belajar karena kebanyakan waktu disita oleh handphone, maka peran orang tua dan guru sangatlah penting dalam memperhatiakan jam-jam belajara peserta didik

Propuesta de una metodología para la gestión económica de la obra en marcha. Aplicación práctica al proyecto de una infraestructura civil

[EN] Civil Engineers possess sufficient technical information related to construction and engineering, despite this, they do not have enough information or preparation to understand the economic performance of a work. This is because construction projects do not have standardized methods or procedures and each work that is executed is different. This proposal deals with the economic management of works, work will be done by simulating the execution of a work site in Pedralabes, Valencia; In this simulation, two scenarios of economic management are presented, depending on the low offered by the contractor. The purpose of this work is to start theoretically in the concepts used to manage a work and start in the practical to develop the ability to analyze the moment in which a work is managed. We tried to make the simulation as real as possible in order to cover a greater number of variables and uncertainty, we can see that the proposed method is not only limited to the economic management of the items, but can also be used for personnel control , machinery and tools if desired. The economic management of a work is one of the most important aspects of the construction sector after all a project is managed by a company whose purpose is to generate income to make a profit.[CA] Els enginyers civils posseeixen suficient informació tècnica relacionada amb la construcció però a enginyeria, malgrat tot, no compten amb la suficient informació o preparació per entendre el funcionament econòmic d'una obra. Això és degut a que els projectes de construcció no tenen mètodes ni procediments estandarditzats i cada obra que es du a terme és diferent. En aquesta proposta es tracta la gestió econòmica d'obres i es treballarà fent una simulació de l'execució d'una obra vial a Pedralba, València; en aquesta simulació es presenten dos escenaris de gestió econòmica depenent de la baixa ofertada pel contractista. La finalitat d' aquest treball és la iniciació de manera teòrica als conceptes utilitzats per la gestió d'una obra i la iniciació en lo pràctica per desenvolupar la capacitat d'anàlisi en el moment en el que es gestiona una obra. S'ha intentat fer la simulació de la manera més real possible per a així poder incloure un major número de variables i d'incertesa. Es podrà veure que el mètode proposat no només es limita a la gestió econòmica de les partides, ja que pot utilitzar-se també per el control de personal, maquinària y eines si així es desitja. La gestió econòmica d'una obra es un dels aspectes més importants del sector de la construcció, perquè al cap i a la fi, un projecte és gestionat per una empresa que té com objectiu generar ingressos per poder obtenir beneficis.[ES] Los Ingenieros Civiles poseen suficiente información técnica relacionada con construcción y a ingeniería, a pesar de esto, no cuentan con la suficiente información o preparación para entender el funcionamiento económico de una obra. Esto debido a que los proyectos de construcción no tienen métodos ni procedimientos estandarizados y cada obra que se ejecuta es diferente. En esta propuesta se trata la gestión de económica de obras, se trabajará haciendo una simulación de la ejecución de una obra víal en Pedralabes, Valencia; en dicha simulación se presentan dos escenarios de gestión económica dependiendo de la baja ofertada por el contratista. La finalidad de este trabajo es iniciarse de manera teórica en los conceptos utilizados para gestión de una obra e iniciarse en lo práctico para desarrollar la capacidad de análisis al momento en que se gestiona una obra. Se intentó hacer la simulación de la manera más real posible para asi poder abarcar un mayor número de variables e incertidumbre, se podrá ver que el método propuesto no solo se límita a la gestión económica de las partidas, pudiendo también utilizarse para el control de personal, máquinaria y herramientas si así se desea. La gestión económica de una obra es uno de los aspectos más importante del sector construcción al fin y al cabo un proyecto es gestionado por una empresa que tiene como fin generar ingresos para obtener ganancias.Cruz Reyes, MFDL. (2019). Propuesta de una metodología para la gestión económica de la obra en marcha. Aplicación práctica al proyecto de una infraestructura civil. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/123186Archivo delegad

Supplementary Screening Sonography in Mammographically Dense Breast: Pros and Cons

Sonography is an attractive supplement to mammography in breast cancer screening because it is relatively inexpensive, requires no contrast-medium injection, is well tolerated by patients, and is widely available for equipment as compared with MRI. Sonography has been especially valuable for women with mammographically dense breast because it has consistently been able to detect a substantial number of cancers at an early stage. Despite these findings, breast sonography has known limitations as a screening tool; operator-dependence, the shortage of skilled operators, the inability to detect microcalcifications, and substantially higher false-positive rates than mammography. Further study of screening sonography is still ongoing and is expected to help establish the role of screening sonography

Nipple aspirate fluid - a liquid biopsy for diagnosing breast health

YesPurpose: Nipple secretions are protein-rich and a potential source of breast cancer biomarkers for breast cancer screening. Previous studies of specific proteins have shown limited correlation with clinicopatholigical features. Our aim, in this pilot study, was to investigate the intra- and inter-patient protein composition of nipple secretions and the implications for their use as liquid biopsies. Experimental design: Matched pairs of NAF (n=15) were characterised for physicochemical properties and SDS PAGE. Four pairs were selected for semi-quantitative proteomic profiling and trypsin-digested peptides analysed using 2D LC Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometry. The resulting data was subject to bioinformatics analysis and statistical evaluation for functional significance. Results: A total of 1990 unique proteins were identified many of which are established cancer associated markers. Matched pairs shared the greatest similarity (average Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94), but significant variations between individuals was observed. Conclusions: This was the most complete proteomic study of NAF to date providing a valuable source for biomarker discovery. The high level of milk proteins in healthy volunteer samples compared to the cancer patients was associated with galactorrhoea. Using matched pairs increased confidence in patient-specific protein levels but changes relating to cancer stage require investigation of a larger cohort.Proteomics research was supported by Yorkshire Cancer Research projects, BPP047 and B381PA

'This is what democracy looks like' : New Labour's blind spot and peripheral vision

New Labour in government since 1997 has been roundly criticized for not possessing a clear, coherent and consistent democratic vision. The absence of such a grand vision has resulted, from this critical perspective, in an absence of 'joined-up' thinking about democracy in an evolving multi-level state. Tensions have been all too apparent between the government's desire to exert central direction - manifested in its most pathological form as 'control freakery' - and its democratising initiatives derived from 'third-way' obsessions with 'decentralising', 'empowering' and 'enabling'. The purpose of this article is to examine why New Labour displayed such apparently impaired democratic vision and why it appeared incapable of conceiving of democratic reform 'in the round'. This article seeks to explain these apparent paradoxes, however, through utilising the notion of 'macular degeneration'. In this analysis, the perceived democratic blind spot of New Labour at Westminster is connected to a democratic peripheral vision, which has envisaged innovative participatory and decentred initiatives in governance beyond Westminster

Remarks on Muscle Contraction Mechanism

Muscle contraction mechanism is discussed by reforming the model described in an article by Mitsui (Adv. Biophys. 1999, 36, 107–158). A simple thermodynamic relationship is presented, which indicates that there is an inconsistency in the power stroke model or the swinging lever model. To avoid this difficulty, a new model is proposed. It is assumed that a myosin head forms a polaron-like complex with about three actin molecules when it attaches to an actin filament and the complex translates along the actin filament producing force. Various experimental data on the muscle contraction are well explained based upon the model

Reproductive and hormonal factors and mortality among women with colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

BACKGROUND: Although use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and some reproductive factors have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, relations between these factors and survival after CRC diagnosis are unclear. METHODS: Among 2053 post-menopausal women diagnosed with incident CRC in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to test associations between oral contraceptive (OC) use, menarche age, age at first birth, parity, menopausal age, and MHT use with all-cause and CRC-specific mortality. RESULTS: There were 759 deaths (332 CRC-related deaths) over a median follow-up of 7.7 years. We observed no statistically significant associations between OC use, menarche age, age at first birth, parity, menopausal age, and mortality. Compared with never MHT use, former use was not associated with mortality, but we found an inverse association among baseline current users, for both all-cause (HR=0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94) and CRC mortality (0.76, 0.59–0.99). CONCLUSION: Future studies should further focus on the mechanisms by which exogenous oestrogen exposure might affect tumour progression and CRC survival