Tervishoiu rahastamise ja tervishoiupoliitika suunad

Riigi üks tähtsamaid prioriteete on tagada oma kodanike tervishoid. Samas on tervishoid riigi tegevuse selline valdkond, mida sageli ei märgata, kui see toimib, aga keegi ei taha omal nahal tunda, kui see ei toimi. Eesti Arst 2004; 83(10): 692-69

Childhood, Emotions and the Labour of Transnational Families

"This paper focuses on children of Bangladeshi heritage who are born in London and are mobile between the (trans) localities of East London and their ancestral home land of Sylhet (a district of Bangladesh). 'Being there' in Sylhet is intimately related to children's membership of transnational families and most of them recorded 'being there' on two occasions by the age of 11. The paper demonstrates that while there has been considerable attention on South Asian first and second generation transnationalism, comprising a focus on marital strategies, remittances, cultural productions and roots tourism, little is known about young children's transnational experiences or practices. The omission of children in part reflects a broader trend, wherein children until recently have been marginal in migration research, but more specifically stems from an emphasis on socialization. Hence South Asian children are constructed as passive members of transnational families. In this paper, I draw from a broader literature that highlights transnational ways of being to involve gendered labour which includes emotions and, I argue, this is necessary to locate children as active agents in the context of familial transnationalism." (author's abstract)"Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Kindern, die in London geboren sind, deren familiärer Herkunftsort Bangladesch ist und die zwischen den beiden (Trans)Lokalitäten East London und Sylhet (einem Distrikt in Bangladesch) mobil sind. Das 'Dort-Sein' in Sylhet ist eng verknüpft mit ihrer Zugehörigkeit zu einer transnationalen Familie. Meistens berichten diese Kinder, mit elf Jahren bereits zweimal dort gewesen zu sein. Während Transnationalisierungsprozesse in der ersten und zweiten Generation der Einwanderer/- innen aus Südasien in der Forschung viel Aufmerksamkeit fanden - so etwa die Heiratsstrategien, der Rücktransfer von Gütern und Kulturproduktionen sowie der Heimattourismus - ist über die transnationalen Erfahrungen und Praktiken der Kinder nur wenig bekannt. Das Übersehen von Kindern spiegelt eine allgemeine Tendenz in der Migrationsforschung, die Kinder bis vor kurzem nur am Rande thematisiert hat. Diese Entwicklung ist nicht zuletzt dem hohen Stellenwert geschuldet, der Sozialisationsprozessen zugemessen worden ist und innerhalb derer Kinder als passive Mitglieder in transnationalen Familien konzeptionalisiert wurden. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die bestehende Literatur zu transnationalen Zugehörigkeiten in einen Zusammenhang zu geschlechtsspezifisch markierter Emotionsarbeit. Nur über diesen Zusammenhang, so wird hier argumentiert, kann die Bedeutung von Kindern als eigenständigen Akteur/-innen in familiären Transnationalisierungsprozessen herausgearbeitet werden." (Autorenreferat

Eesti arstid ja Euroopa Liit

Aastatel 1995–2001 töötas Euroopa Liidu aktiivsest töövõimelisest elanikkonnast 10% tervishoiuvaldkonnas. Tervishoid mõjutab regionaalset arengut ja majanduskasvu. Euroliidus on probleemiks tervishoiutöötajate vananemine: ajavahemikul 1995–2000 kasvas seal üle 45aastaste arstide arv 57%. Tervishoiutöötajate puudujääki saaks korvata koolitatavate arvu suurendamise, nende aktiivse värbamise ja erialale kinnistamise kaudu. Samas on vajalik täiendavalt investeerida meditsiiniõppesse. Eesti Arst 2005; 84 (2): 98-10

Letter from the President

Letter from President Mand regarding the mid-year meeting in July 1985 and the upcoming national convention in New Orleans in January 1986

Childhood, Emotions and the Labour of Transnational Families

"This paper focuses on children of Bangladeshi heritage who are born in London and are mobile between the (trans) localities of East London and their ancestral home land of Sylhet (a district of Bangladesh). 'Being there' in Sylhet is intimately related to children's membership of transnational families and most of them recorded 'being there' on two occasions by the age of 11. The paper demonstrates that while there has been considerable attention on South Asian first and second generation transnationalism, comprising a focus on marital strategies, remittances, cultural productions and roots tourism, little is known about young children's transnational experiences or practices. The omission of children in part reflects a broader trend, wherein children until recently have been marginal in migration research, but more specifically stems from an emphasis on socialization. Hence South Asian children are constructed as passive members of transnational families. In this paper, I draw from a broader literature that highlights transnational ways of being to involve gendered labour which includes emotions and, I argue, this is necessary to locate children as active agents in the context of familial transnationalism." (author's abstract)"Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Kindern, die in London geboren sind, deren familiärer Herkunftsort Bangladesch ist und die zwischen den beiden (Trans)Lokalitäten East London und Sylhet (einem Distrikt in Bangladesch) mobil sind. Das 'Dort-Sein' in Sylhet ist eng verknüpft mit ihrer Zugehörigkeit zu einer transnationalen Familie. Meistens berichten diese Kinder, mit elf Jahren bereits zweimal dort gewesen zu sein. Während Transnationalisierungsprozesse in der ersten und zweiten Generation der Einwanderer/- innen aus Südasien in der Forschung viel Aufmerksamkeit fanden - so etwa die Heiratsstrategien, der Rücktransfer von Gütern und Kulturproduktionen sowie der Heimattourismus - ist über die transnationalen Erfahrungen und Praktiken der Kinder nur wenig bekannt. Das Übersehen von Kindern spiegelt eine allgemeine Tendenz in der Migrationsforschung, die Kinder bis vor kurzem nur am Rande thematisiert hat. Diese Entwicklung ist nicht zuletzt dem hohen Stellenwert geschuldet, der Sozialisationsprozessen zugemessen worden ist und innerhalb derer Kinder als passive Mitglieder in transnationalen Familien konzeptionalisiert wurden. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die bestehende Literatur zu transnationalen Zugehörigkeiten in einen Zusammenhang zu geschlechtsspezifisch markierter Emotionsarbeit. Nur über diesen Zusammenhang, so wird hier argumentiert, kann die Bedeutung von Kindern als eigenständigen Akteur/-innen in familiären Transnationalisierungsprozessen herausgearbeitet werden." (Autorenreferat

Influence of Mediation on Estate Planning Decisions: Evidence from Indian Survey Data

Background: Intestate death can lead to the distribution of assets against the personal wishes of the deceased and is a problem in India, as 80% of Indians die without making a last will. Following the concepts of decision theory (i.e., the theory of choice), stewardship theory, agency theory, and signaling theory, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of meditation on estate planning decisions. This study also seeks to extend previous findings on the influence of religious beliefs on the estate planning decisions of Canadians to that of Indians. Methods: Employed and self-employed individuals from India were surveyed regarding their perceptions of meditation and estate planning decisions. Results: The survey indicates that mediation positively influences the estate planning decisions while individuals who practice meditation have greater preferences for estate planning compared with those who do not. The findings suggest that individual assets, family size, and education positively influence the estate planning decisions of Indians. Conclusion: Reported meditation, individual assets, family size, location, education, and gender are positively correlated with the estate planning decisions of Indians

Pattern of population structuring between Belgian and Estonian bumblebees

Several population genetic studies investigated the extent of gene flow and population connectivity in bumblebees. In general, no restriction in gene flow is considered for mainland populations of common bumblebee species. Whether this assumption holds true for all species is not known. An assessment of bumblebee genetic structure in the context of their geographic distribution is needed to prioritize conservation and management needs. Here, we conducted a genetic study on seven bumblebee species occurring in Belgium and Estonia. Using 16 microsatellite markers, we investigated genetic diversity and population structuring in each species. This is the first study investigating population structuring of both declining and stable bumblebee species on both small and large geographic scales. Our results showed no or only low population structuring between the populations of the restricted and declining bumblebee species on both scales, while significant structuring was found for populations of the common species on the larger scale. The latter result, which may be due to human or environmental changes in the landscape, implies the need for the conservation of also widespread bumblebee species. Conservation strategies to improve gene flow and connectivity of populations could avoid the isolation and future losses of populations of these important species

Mechanisms and consequences of ATM activation

Mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene cause the disease ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Patients with this disease have multiple symptoms, including the eponymous ataxia and telangiectasia as well as immunodeficiency, radiation sensitivity, and increased cancer rates. The ATM protein is a kinase and is activated by multiple types of stress to affect many cellular processes. At sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), ATM is activated by the protein complex Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN). As part of this complex, Rad50 binds and hydrolyzes ATP and causes large conformational changes in the complex. However, the importance of this enzymatic activity in the activation of ATM has been unknown. Here I show ATP binding by Rad50 is required for ATM activation while ATP hydrolysis is dispensable. ATM is also activated in the presence of oxidative stress. Separation-of-function mutations for the activation of ATM by DSBs and oxidative stress have been characterized in vitro. Here, the effects of expressing wild-type ATM or ATM with these different separation-of-function mutations in an ATM-deficient lymphoblast cell line have been characterized. Analysis of the proteomes of these cells and a control cell line revealed that non-functional ATM resulted in the loss of a large group of proteins by mass spectrometry. The levels of these proteins were similar in the cells, but in the presence of non-functional ATM they showed increased levels of aggregation. Thus my results suggest ATM may function to prevent aggregation in these conditions. Notably neurodegeneration is often associated with aggregation. In the phosphoproteomes of cells expressing the various ATM constructs, the parental cell line and cells with ATM unable to be activated by oxidative stress had lower levels of phosphopeptides predicted to be phosphorylated by CK2. This decrease in CK2 activity was also associated with increased aggregation, specifically a subunit of CK2 known as CK2β. This work provides insights into the mechanism of ATM activation by MRN and the potential involvement of ATM in the prevention of protein aggregation.Cellular and Molecular Biolog