The Effect of Decision Weights in Bargaining Problems

Bargaining problems are considered where the preferences of the bargainers deviate from expected utility but can be modelled according to rank dependent utility theory. Under rank dependent utility two factors influence the risk attitude of a decision maker: the utility function and the probability weighting function. Arising from the same definition of risk aversion, two forms of risk aversion can be distinguished: utility risk aversion and probabilistic risk aversion.The main finding is that these two forms of risk aversion can have surprisingly opposite consequences for bargaining solutions that exhibit a weak monotonicity property. In particular, in a large class of bargaining problems both increased utility risk aversion and decreased probabilistic risk aversion of the opponent are advantagous for a player. This is demonstrated for the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution. The Nash bargaining solution does not behave regularly in this respect.Economics ;

MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING IN MARKETING

Miniaturized microreactors enable photochemistry with laser irradiation in flow mode to convert azidobiphenyl into carbazole with high efficiency

Оценка точности химико-аналитических приборов по результатам их градуировки

In the production of micro devices for applications in chemistry, biotechnology and medical technologies surface properties become more and more important The microscale topography and surface chemistry have influence on wetting properties and cell behavior. Therefor the design of material surface determines the success of artificial devices in contact with biological systems. For applications in the field of medical implants laser technologies have been developed for micro structuring of polymers to modify the surface properties with respect to wettability and controlled cell growth. The technology is based on excimer laser treatment of polymer surfaces using laser wavelength 193 nm (ArF) with different fluences and cumulated energies. Depending on the processing parameters and examined polymers either hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces can be increased. The water contact angle of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for example can be increased from 113° to approx. 150° so that the surface exhibits the so called lotus effect. The laser generated micro patterns reveal influence on cell density and cell distribution which can be used for cell guidance. Results for cell growing experiments are shown for different polymers

Determination of albuminuria in the urine of diabetics for prevention and control of diabetic nephropathy

The issue: Diabetes has become the main cause of endstage renal disease. The costs for the treatment of diabetic patients with endstage renal disease have increased in the last years and have become a relevant economic topic of the health service. The first unspecific predictor of a diabetic nephropathy is an albuminuria. The screening for diabetic nephropathy uses microalbuminuria as a proof. Objectives: * What significance does the determination of albuminuria have on the precaution and course-control of the diabetic nephropathy? a) in type 1 diabetic patients, b) in type 2 diabetic patients * Which is an appropriate time to determine the albuminuria for the purpose of precaution and course-control of the diabetic nephropathy? a) in type 1 diabetic patients, b) in type 2 diabetic patients * Which method of testing is most effective concerning economic and medical aspects? Methods: Published literature from 1998 up to 2004 was identified by searching in the most important databases. Most of the guidelines were found by hand searching in the internet. Results: Of 2,792 citation titles and abstracts examined, 274 articles were retrieved for full-text review. Five metaanalyses and reviews, one review about clearing of guidelines (regarding 18 international guidelines) and four guidelines met the inclusion criteria for screening for microalbuminuria and type 1 diabetes. Seven metaanalyses, one HTA report, one review about clearing of guidelines (regarding 17 international guidelines), and seven guidelines met the inclusion criteria for screening for microalbuminuria and type 2 diabetes.At the moment, the determination of albuminuria still has a great significance because it is recommended in most published literature and guidelines. The time to determine the albuminuria depends on the age of the patients and their type of diabetes. Type 2 diabetic patients should start the determination when the diabetes is diagnosed whereas the determination is recommended five years later when type 1 diabetic patients are concerned. Most guidelines recommend a screening for microalbuminuria every year. Discussion and conclusion: All guidelines and most of the literature recommend this screening. However, these recommendations are only based on expert consensus. The specificity of this screening is rather low. False positive tests in type 2 diabetic patients will cause psychological problems. A positive test leads to the recommendation to achieve "normal blood pressure" and "normoglycaemia" - but this applies to each diabetic patient. Based on these facts, the screening for albuminuria in type 1 or type 2 diabetes patients cannot be recommended as long as benefit has not been demonstrated by large, clinical, controlled trials. Without an evidence of the benefit, this screening cannot be economic

Rassistische Gewalt als Erfahrung der Markierung und Unsichtbarmachung

Gewalt ist konstitutiver Bestandteil von Rechtsextremismus. Ein umfassendes Verständnis rechter und rassistischer Gewalt erfordert die Perspektive von Betroffenen auf das Gewaltgeschehen. Dieser Beitrag zielt auf das Verständnis der zentralen Erlebensdimensionen rassistischer Gewalt sowie der Umgangsstrategien von Betroffenen mit der erlebten Gewalt. Es werden zwei qualitative Interviews mit Betroffener rassistischer Gewalt analysiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Erfahrung der gewaltvollen Markierung sowie Prozesse der Unsichtbarmachung der Betroffenen und ihrer Gewalterfahrung als wesentliche Dimension rassistischer Gewalt beschrieben werden kann. Entsprechend können Kämpfe Betroffener um selbstbestimmte Sichtbarkeit als wesentlicher Teil der Bewältigung der Gewalt verstanden werden. Mit diesen Befunden kann auf den Forschungsstand der englischsprachigen Forschung zum Erleben von hate crimes aufgebaut werden. Es werden Anschlüsse zur Rassismusforschung hergestellt, in der die Unterdrückung von Wissen über Rassismus als epistemische Gewalt gefasst wird.Violence is a constitutive component of right-wing extremism. A comprehensive understanding of right-wing and racist violence requires the perspective of those affected by the violence. This article aims at understanding the central dimensions of racist violence as well as the strategies of victims to deal with the violence they experience. Two qualitative interviews with victims of racist violence are analyzed. It will be shown that the experience of violent marking as well as processes of invisibilization of those affected and their experience of violence can be described as an essential dimension of racist violence. Accordingly, struggles of affected persons for self-determined visibility can be understood as an essential part of coping with violence. With these findings, it is possible to build on the state of art in English-language research on the experience of hate crimes. Connections to racism research are made, in which the suppression of knowledge about racism is understood as epistemic violence

Photochemistry with laser radiation in condensed phase using miniaturized photoreactors

Miniaturized microreactors enable photochemistry with laser irradiation in flow mode to convert azidobiphenyl into carbazole with high efficiency

Тепловая экономичность привода питательных насосов электростанций

In the production of micro devices the surface properties become more and more important for chemistry, biotechnology and medical technology with respect to wetting properties and chemical composition of the surface. Typical applications are implants as well as micro fluidic systems or miniaturized devices for DNA- and proteome analysis (biochips). In this paper newly designed laser technologies based on UV-laser treatment of polymers for surface processing are described to manipulate wetting properties, cell growth and immobilization of functional molecules with high spatial resolution. Depending on the processing parameters and used polymers either hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties can be enhanced (i.e. laser induced lotus/anti-lotus effect). Enhanced roughness and changes of the chemical composition have also influence on cell growth on polymer surfaces. Thus guiding aids for cells e.g. on medical implants can be generated by laser irradiation. Due to photo oxidation processes while UV-treatment in air, functional groups are created that are suited for covalent bonding of (bio)moelcules onto the surfaces. A second process for the locally selective immobilization of anchor molecules based on azide functionalized templates suitable for further modification steps is presented by means of irradiating polymers under solutions of these linkers

Использование аналитики при создании бренда территории

Рассматриваются компоненты брендинга и бренда территории, раскрываются возможности использования аналитики при его создании и продвижении. Под аналитикой понимается обширное использование данных, статистического и количественного анализа, описательных и прогнозных моделей для принятия решений и действий, на основе реальных фактов. Делается вывод о том, что аналитика является наиболее эффективным механизмом при создании и продвижении бренда территории

Client-contractor bargaining on net present value in project scheduling with limited resources

The client-contractor bargaining problem addressed here is in the context of a multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows, which is formulated as a progress payments model. In this model, the contractor receives payments from the client at predetermined regular time intervals. The last payment is paid at the first predetermined payment point right after project completion. The second payment model considered in this paper is the one with payments at activity completions. The project is represented on an Activity-on-Node (AON) project network. Activity durations are assumed to be deterministic. The project duration is bounded from above by a deadline imposed by the client, which constitutes a hard constraint. The bargaining objective is to maximize the bargaining objective function comprised of the objectives of both the client and the contractor. The bargaining objective function is expected to reflect the two-party nature of the problem environment and seeks a compromise between the client and the contractor. The bargaining power concept is introduced into the problem by the bargaining power weights used in the bargaining objective function. Simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm approaches are proposed as solution procedures. The proposed solution methods are tested with respect to solution quality and solution times. Sensitivity analyses are conducted among different parameters used in the model, namely the profit margin, the discount rate, and the bargaining power weights