The roles of inter- and intra-sexual selection in behavioral isolation between native and invasive pupfishes

Male-male competition and female mate choice may both play important roles in driving and maintaining reproductive isolation between species. When previously allopatric species come into secondary contact with each other due to introductions, they provide an opportunity to evaluate the identity and strength of reproductive isolating mechanisms. If reproductive isolation is not maintained, hybridization may occur. We examined how reproductive isolating mechanisms mediate hybridization between endemic populations of the Red River pupfish Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis and the recently introduced sheepshead minnow C. variegatus. In lab-based dominance trials, males of both species won the same number of competitions. However, male C. rubrofluviatilis that won competitions were more aggressive than C. variegatus winners, and more aggression was needed to win against competitor C. variagatus than allopatric C. rubrofluviatilis. Duration of fights also differed based on the relatedness of the competitor. In dichotomous mate choice trials, there were no conspecific or heterospecific preferences expressed by females of either species. Our findings that male-male aggression differs between closely and distantly related groups, but female choice does not suggest that male-male competition may be the more likely mechanism to impede gene flow in this system

Memories of the 1930s - FHKSC Radio Program

Interviews with Dr. Ray McCartney, Mrs. H.E. Malloy, Etta L. Wiest, H.J. Tholen, John Schaeffer, Frank and Marianne Anderson, John and Edna Zielke, Lydia Eichman, Helen Wise, and John Bird 00:00:00 - Introduction and background 00:01:16 - Introduction, Dr. Ray McCartney 00:04:42 - Teaching at Fort Hays in the 1930s during dust storms 00:09:54 - Introduction, Mrs. H.E. Malloy 00:10:19 - Keeping house during the dust storms 00:12:51 - Introduction, Etta Wiest 00:13:08 - The first dust storm in Hays. From here out the interviews are recorded over music which plays in reverse in the background. 00:17:05 - Introduction, H.J. Tholen 00:17:22 - Economy in Hays during the 1930s 00:25:40 - Introduction, John Schaeffer 00:25:48 - Welfare relief workers during the Dust Bowl 00:28:19 - Conclusion to the first half 00:29:20 - Introduction to the second half 00:30:47 - Introduction, Frank and Marianne Anderson 00:31:06 - Farming during the Dust Bowl 00:34:49 - Keeping house during the Dust Bowl 00:37:08 - Tall tale about a badger 00:37:38 - Introduction, John and Edna Zielke 00:37:45 - Farming and raising livestock during the Dust Bowl 00:44:07 - Introduction, Lydia Eichman 00:44:25 - Losing the farm as a result of the Dust Bowl 00:45:40 - Introduction, Helen Wise 00:45:52 - Challenges raising a family during the Dust Bowl 00:53L53 - Conclusionhttps://scholars.fhsu.edu/sackett/1147/thumbnail.jp

Davidson and the idiolectic view

2013 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.In this thesis, I defend and expand Donald Davidson's view of language and linguistic meaning. I begin by looking at two positions that appreciate the sociality of language and linguistic meaning in two different ways. One view, as exemplified by Michael Dummett, sees the meaning of words as a feature of a language that holds independently of any particular speaker, while the other view, as exemplified by Davidson, sees meaning as depending on particular speakers and interpreters, their intentions, and their interactions. I find a serious tension in the former view and side with the latter, which I dub the idiolectic view of language. In the second chapter, I analyze Davidson's claim that understanding gives life to meaning. Using this analysis as a jumping off point, I outline the primary features of the Davidsonian idiolectic program. Finally, I conclude that the idiolectic features of this position place a special emphasis on the moment at which two people's personal understanding of language overlap and that such an emphasis is best understood in terms of events as particulars. In the third and final chapter, I argue that an ontology that countenances events as particulars is required for the idiolectic view of interpretation to get off the ground. First, I outline some of Davidson's classic arguments in favor of an ontology of events for action sentences and expand them to the case of what I call second-order language sentences, sentences about communication. Next, I discuss the importance of a criterion of event identity and individuation, working from some of Davidson's own arguments. I then extend Davidson's analysis of action sentences to second-order language sentences in order to determine the essential features of the linguistic event-type. Finally, I conclude that some basic notion of a language is required by this idiolectic view despite what Davidson originally thought. However, it is not the notion of a shared language that Dummett originally had in mind

Implementing a total communication program for language-delayed children

Communication begins at birth. As a child grows older needs and desires expand and new language skills are needed for expression and refined communication. As children approach school age and move into the larger community, development of communication becomes imperative. The public school system offers education to a wide variety of students. This includes those children who are delayed in language development. Language problems can be due to genetic defects at birth, such as Down Syndrome, lack of stimulation in home environment, and physical handicaps, such as cerebral palsy. Such problems hinder children from verbally expressing their needs, thoughts, and desires. The public school system has to provide an appropriate education for these language-delayed children. How can this best be accomplished? What are the most effective methods? What does research suggest? These are important questions to be answered. They will provide direction to classroom teachers and special education teachers

Interviews with Lizzie Davis, Charles Davis, Blanche Newell, Eda Wiest, J. Armstead, John and Ida Zielke, and Antoinette Nufer.

Interviews with Lizzie Davis, Charles Davis, Blanche Newell, Eda Wiest, J. Armstead, John and Ida Zielke, and Antoinette Nufer. This recording is unavailable.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/sackett/1100/thumbnail.jp

The Use and Misuse of Wetlands in Kampala

This research examines the complex and inter related relationship between conservation and development of wetlands in Kampala. Development and conservation are two concepts that are often at odds with one another. However, in a natural resource rich country such as Uganda development is benefited by carefully considering the role of conservation. As a student of Sociology at Illinois Wesleyan University, the researcher is especially interested in the use and miss use of wetlands as well as the decision making process in building on wetlands. This paper examines specifically Uganda\u27s wetland policy and how it is currently being implemented, specifically in Kampala. Another objective of this paper is to learn about how Kampala has been affected by wetland policies, both environmentally, as well as financially. Finally, this paper seeks to find out what conservation plans are underway to save the remaining wetlands of Kampala. During the practicum period of March 28th to May 6th research was conducted on development, conservation and policies regarding wetlands in Kampala. This case study makes use of qualitative research methods to examine the environmental and economic effects the wetland policy has had on Kampala City. This research was conducted through in-depth policy analysis and literature reviews as well as site visits to wetlands in Kampala and interviews with those working on policy and the ground. The research found that although the protection of Kampala\u27s wetlands is an important priority for many, lack of resources, accountability, and conflicting interests often leads to the miss use of the wetlands. The policy calls for a stop of draining of wetlands and cultivation but these activities have continued simply because there is no government or institution watching the wetlands and the activities that take place within them. The institutions and government organizations that are in charge of wetlands are accountable to no one, so they can choose to conserve as they see fit, leaving wetlands vulnerable to development. Finally, there are many conflicting interests in wetland protection, development of wetlands offers short term solutions to important social problems such as unemployment but also creates long term problems such as flooding. Due to these problems there are several recommendations that need to be made for the government to put a stop to corruption, increase political will to protect this resource and to change for how wetland protection institutions are run. Another key recommendation is to empower the stakeholders of the wetlands to live in union with their surroundings so that they can benefit from them in the present and also preserve them for future generations