A study of morpheme order acquisition in an EFL corpus of L1 Spanish – L2 English: some pedagogical implications

If we want to know what Second Language Acquisition is, we have to go back in time and locate ourselves in the 70s when Brown (1973) suggested that native speakers acquire grammatical morphemes in a specific order. Another example of this kind of studies is the one conducted by Bailey, Madden and Krashen in 1974. This study also deals with the same topic, that is, the morpheme order acquisition. It is important to highlight that, despite the fact that these studies were criticized because of their limitations due to the methodology used or the limited number of subjects, they provided important evidence that there is a given sequence in the acquisition of grammatical morphemes. Nowadays, recent MOS studies (see Tono, 2000; Kwon, 2005) have been carried out taking into account these limitations that the first MO studies had. Tono (2000) could be seen as a useful example of this kind of studies because it focuses on how Japanese students acquire grammatical morphemes using a new methodology which consists of the creation of a learner corpus and its subsequent analysis. Following Tono’s example we have decided to conduct a MO study using a learner corpus based on the language produced by Spanish EFL students. The grammatical morphemes we analyzed were past regular -ed, past irregular, third person singular -s, present progressive –ing, copula be, auxiliary be, plural, articles and possessive –s. This morphemes’ choice is influenced by Krashen’s (1977) study “The Monitor Model” in which Krashen studies adult second language performance. The completion of the present study relied on a process which started with the study of previous MOS. Once we set the topic, we decided to find out if our EFL students and the subjects of previously conducted MO studies (Brown 1973, Bailey, Madden and Krashen 1974; Dulay and Burt (1974). Therefore, this study consists of the collection of data in two state high schools in Jaen and Granada, the subsequent compilation of a Learner Corpus and its analysis and interpretation. In this study several tools have been used. We believe that the UAM Corpus Tool deserves a special reference since it is a free software program designed for the annotation of text corpora and for data analysis. This instrument was used to tag, analyze and study the results of our Corpus project. This dissertation has been organized in 6 main chapters: in the first chapter, i.e., the introduction, we present the aims of this study. The second chapter, Second Language Acquisition and Language Corpora, provides a review of the relevant studies on morpheme acquisition and language corpus. This chapter consists of three sub-sections: the morpheme, relevant studies, language corpora and learner corpora. In chapter 3, the Hypotheses research questions are stated. Chapter 4 consists of the description of the methodology used. In this regard we make reference to the participants, the materials, the procedure and the data coding and analysis. In chapter 5 we present the general and the specific results of our study regarding our subjects’ accuracy rates in the use of the nine morphemes at issue. We should mention that in the analysis of our data we have taken into account other variables such as the students’ age and their proficiency level, in this chapter we can also find the discussion and interpretation of our main findings. Finally, in chapter 6 the reader can find a conclusion in terms of the objectives, the positive points and the limitations of this study. The aims of this dissertation are: - To find out if there are similarities between our participants´ morpheme acquisition order and the one that has been suggested by scholars such as Bailey, Madden & Krashen (1974) or Brown (1973) despite the different scoring methods used. - The collection and creation of an English learner corpus by Spanish EFL students. - To find the pedagogical implications that a specific morpheme acquisition order can imply. That is to say, I would like to know if Spanish EFL students follow a certain sequence when they acquire the aforementioned nine morphemes in order to take it into account when we teach English.Univ. Granada. Departamento de Filologías Inglesa y Alemana. Máster Universitario de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idioma

ANALISIS KINERJA PELAYANAN PENUMPANG BAGIAN PETUGAS CHECK-IN DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL ZAINUDDIN ABDUL MADJID LOMBOK

Lombok International Airport adalah bandar udara internasional yang melayani rute penerbangan domestik dan internasional yang berlokasi di kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Bandar udara ini dioperasikan oleh PT. Angkasa Pura I dan dibuka pertama kali pada tanggal 01 Oktober 2011 dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan. Adapun masalah yang sering terjadi yaitu ketika melonjaknya para penumpang ketika ada acara tertentu, yang menyebabkan para penumpang yang akan melakukan reservasi tidak mendapatkan pelayanan yang memuaskan dan sedikit berbeda pada tahun sebelum adanya covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kinerja pelayanan peumpang bagian petugas check-in dimasa pandemi covid-19, dan untuk mengetahui perubahan pelayanan penumpang di Era new normal melalui model perubahan sebelumnya serta dapat mengetahui pelayanan bagian petugas check-in memberikan kesan yang baik bagi Penumpang di masa pandemi covid-19 di Bandar udara internasional lombok. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bandar Udara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok. Proses pengumpulan data ini berlangsung sejak tanggal 18 s/d 31 oktober 2021 dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Dalam pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh peneliti melalui metode studi pustaka dan metode wawancara terhadap informan serta observasi lapangan dengan tambahan dokumentasi saat dilapangan.  Berdasrkan hasil pengamatan Observasi dan Wawancara Pada pembahasan tentang Analisis Penumpang Bagian Petugas Check-in dimasa pandemi Covid-19 di Bandara Zainuddin abdul madjid lombok, hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum petugas check-in telah melakukan tugas dan tanggung jawab dengan baik dalam melakukan pelayanan terhadap penumpang yang akan melakukan perjalanan udara dalam masa pandemi Covid-19. kurangnya petugas check-in di masa pandemi mengakibatkan kelalayan waktu dalam penerbangan pesawat sehingga perlu membuka beberapa meja check-in agar terhindar dari antrian yang panjang. Kemudian tersedianya fasilitas lainnya untuk mengurangi tersebarnya virus corona yang ada seperti Hand-sanitizer dan masker

Relación entre la posición del primer molar con el diámetro de vías aéreas superiores propuesto por Mc Namara

La obstrucción respiratoria que presentan determinados pacientes podría considerarse como un factor predisponente en el desarrollo de la formación de una maloclusión. El presente Trabajo Integrador Final pretende vincular la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas superiores, con la clase II dentaria en pacientes que han completado su crecimiento; utilizando como parámetros el cefalograma de Mc Namara en lo que respecta a las vías aéreas y la posición del primer molar superior según la clasificación propuesta por Angle.Facultad de Odontologí

Signature region within the 16S rDNA sequences of Aeromonas popoffii

To identify a group of eight Aeromonas strains of our collection showing ribotyping patterns similar to those described for the species Aeromonas popoffii, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed. Results were in agreement with the DNA binding values, and allowed the identification of a ‘signature region' differentiating the A. popoffii strains from all other members of the genus Aeromona

Relación entre la posición del primer molar con el diámetro de vías aéreas superiores propuesto por Mc Namara

La obstrucción respiratoria que presentan determinados pacientes podría considerarse como un factor predisponente en el desarrollo de la formación de una maloclusión. El presente Trabajo Integrador Final pretende vincular la permeabilidad de las vías aéreas superiores, con la clase II dentaria en pacientes que han completado su crecimiento; utilizando como parámetros el cefalograma de Mc Namara en lo que respecta a las vías aéreas y la posición del primer molar superior según la clasificación propuesta por Angle.Facultad de Odontologí

Extremal t processes: Elliptical domain of attraction and a spectral representation

The extremal t process was proposed in the literature for modeling spatial extremes within a copula framework based on the extreme value limit of elliptical t distributions (Davison, Padoan and Ribatet (2012)). A major drawback of this max-stable model was the lack of a spectral representation such that for instance direct simulation was infeasible. The main contribution of this note is to propose such a spectral construction for the extremal t process. Interestingly, the extremal Gaussian process introduced by Schlather (2002) appears as a special case. We further highlight the role of the extremal t process as the maximum attractor for processes with finite-dimensional elliptical distributions. All results naturally also hold within the multivariate domain

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Aeromonas allosaccharophila recovered from a Swiss lake

Objectives To search for plasmid-mediated qnr genes among waterborne environmental Aeromonas spp. recovered from Switzerland. Methods Isolates presenting MICs of nalidixic acid or ciprofloxacin ≥1 mg/L were screened for qnr genes by a multiplex PCR approach followed by sequencing. Plasmids were transferred by transformation, and further analysis of the genetic structures surrounding the qnrS2 gene was carried out by PCR and sequencing. Results A qnrS2 gene was identified from a single Aeromonas allosaccharophila isolate (Lugano lake, Lugano), as part of a mobile insertion cassette located on a broad host range IncU-type plasmid. This plasmid co-harboured a class 1 integron containing the aac(6′)-Ib-cr, blaOXA-1, catB3 and arr-3 gene cassettes. Conclusions These findings strengthen further the role of Aeromonas spp. as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the environmen

Phototropic sulfur and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the chemocline of meromictic Lake Cadagno, Switzerland

Lake Cadagno, a crenogenic meromictic lake located in the catchment area of a dolomite vein rich in gypsum in the Piora Valley in the southern Alps of Switzerland, is characterized by a compact chemocline with high concentrations of sulfate, steep gradients of oxygen, sulfide and light and a turbidity maximum that correlates to large numbers of bacteria (up to 107 cells ml-1). The most abundant taxa in the chemocline are large- and small-celled purple sulfur bacteria, which account for up to 35% of all bacteria, and sulfate- reducing bacteria that represent up to 23% of all bacteria. Depending on the season, as much as 45% of all bacteria in the chemocline are associated in aggregates consisting of different populations of small-celled purple sulfur bacteria of the genus Lamprocystis (up to 35% of all bacteria) and sulfate-reducing bacteria of the family Desulfobulbaceae (up to 12% of all bacteria) that are almost completely represented by bacteria closely related to Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes. Their association in aggregates is restricted to small-celled purple sulfur bacteria of the genus Lamprocystis, but not obligate since non-associated cells of bacteria related to D. thiozymogenes are frequently found, especially under limited light conditions in winter and early summer. Aggregate formation and concomitant growth enhancement of isolates of both partners of this association suggests synergistic interactions that might resemble a sulfide-based source-sink relationship between the sulfate-reducing bacterium that is able to sustain growth by a disproportionation of inorganic sulfur compounds (sulfur, thiosulfate, sulfite), with the purple sulfur bacteria acting as a biotic scavenger. The availability of these isolates opens up the door for future studies considering other facets of potential interactions in aggregates since both types of organisms are metabolically highly versatile and interactions may not be limited to sulfur compounds only

Adult Cleaner Wrasse Outperform Capuchin Monkeys, Chimpanzees and Orang-utans in a Complex Foraging Task Derived from Cleaner – Client Reef Fish Cooperation

The insight that animals’ cognitive abilities are linked to their evolutionary history, and hence their ecology, provides the framework for the comparative approach. Despite primates renowned dietary complexity and social cognition, including cooperative abilities, we here demonstrate that cleaner wrasse outperform three primate species, capuchin monkeys, chimpanzees and orang-utans, in a foraging task involving a choice between two actions, both of which yield identical immediate rewards, but only one of which yields an additional delayed reward. The foraging task decisions involve partner choice in cleaners: they must service visiting client reef fish before resident clients to access both; otherwise the former switch to a different cleaner. Wild caught adult, but not juvenile, cleaners learned to solve the task quickly and relearned the task when it was reversed. The majority of primates failed to perform above chance after 100 trials, which is in sharp contrast to previous studies showing that primates easily learn to choose an action that yields immediate double rewards compared to an alternative action. In conclusion, the adult cleaners’ ability to choose a superior action with initially neutral consequences is likely due to repeated exposure in nature, which leads to specific learned optimal foraging decision rules

New in vitro interaction-parasite reduction ratio assay for early derisk in clinical development of antimalarial combinations

The development and spread of drug-resistant phenotypes substantially threaten malaria control efforts. Combination therapies have the potential to minimize the risk of resistance development but require intensive preclinical studies to determine optimal combination and dosing regimens. To support the selection of new combinations, we developed a novel in vitro-in silico combination approach to help identify the pharmacodynamic interactions of the two antimalarial drugs in a combination which can be plugged into a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model built with human monotherapy parasitological data to predict the parasitological endpoints of the combination. This makes it possible to optimally select drug combinations and doses for the clinical development of antimalarials. With this assay, we successfully predicted the endpoints of two phase 2 clinical trials in patients with the artefenomel-piperaquine and artefenomel-ferroquine drug combinations. In addition, the predictive performance of our novel in vitro model was equivalent to that of the humanized mouse model outcome. Last, our more informative in vitro combination assay provided additional insights into the pharmacodynamic drug interactions compared to the in vivo systems, e.g., a concentration-dependent change in the maximum killing effect (Emax) and the concentration producing 50% of the killing maximum effect (EC50) of piperaquine or artefenomel or a directional reduction of the EC50 of ferroquine by artefenomel and a directional reduction of Emax of ferroquine by artefenomel. Overall, this novel in vitro-in silico-based technology will significantly improve and streamline the economic development of new drug combinations for malaria and potentially also in other therapeutic areas