Caractérisation et étalonnage de la caméra de l'expérience ballon PILOT (Polarized Instrument for Long wavelength Observation of the Tenuous interstellar medium)

PILOT (Polarized Instrument for Long wavelength Observation of the Tenuous interstellar medium) est une expérience embarquée en ballon stratosphérique destinée à la mesure de l'émission polarisée de notre galaxie dans le submillimétrique. La charge pointée de PILOT est composée d'un télescope au foyer duquel est placée une caméra embarquant 2048 bolomètres, refroidis à 300 mK, mesurant dans deux bandes spectrales (240 m et 550 m) et deux polarisations. La détection de la polarisation est réalisée à l'aide d'un polariseur placé à 45 dans le faisceau, le décomposant en deux composantes polarisées orthogonales chacune détectée par un bloc détecteur, et d'une lame demi-onde rotative. L'Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (Orsay, France) est responsable de la réalisation, de l'intégration, des tests et de l'étalonnage spectral de la caméra. Pour cela deux bancs de mesures sont développés, un pour les essais d'imagerie et de polarisation, et un pour l'étalonnage spectral. L'expérimentation permet de valider l'alignement des optiques froides, de caractériser la qualité optique des images, de caractériser les réponses temporelles et en intensité des détecteurs, et de mesurer la réponse spectrale de la caméra. Un modèle photométrique de l'instrument est développé simulant les différentes configurations pour les essais d'étalonnage spectral, d'imagerie en laboratoire, et en vol, ceci afin d'estimer la puissance totale reçue par chaque pixel du détecteur de chaque configuration. Cette puissance totale est issue de l'émission thermique de l'instrument, de l'atmosphère et des sources observées en vol ou de l'environnement du laboratoire. Une campagne de tests a permis de caractériser et d'étalonner la caméra de l'expérience PILOT. Les premières images dans le domaine du submillimétrique ont été révélées, et les premières réponses spectrales mesurées. Suite à la caractérisation et l'étalonnage spectral, la caméra est alignée avec le miroir primaire sur la nacelle CNES pour des caractérisations et des étalonnages en polarisation de l'instrument complet. Le premier vol est prévu pour le milieu de l'année 2014.The Polarized Instrument for Long wavelength Observation of the Tenuous interstellar medium (PILOT) is a balloon borne experiment designed to measure the polarized emission from dust grains in the galaxy in the submillimeter range. The payload is composed of a telescope at the optical focus of which is placed a camera using 2048 bolometers cooled to 300 mK. The camera performs polarized optical measurements in two spectral bands (240 m and 550 m). The polarization measurement is based on a cryogenic rotating half-wave plate and a fixed mesh grid polarizer placed at 45 separating the beam into two orthogonal polarized components each detected by a detector array. The Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (Orsay, France) is responsible for the design, integration, tests and spectral calibration of the camera. Two optical benches have been designed for its imaging and polarization characterization and spectral calibration. Theses setups allow to validate the alignment of the camera cryogenic optics, to check the optical quality of the images, to characterize the time and intensity response of the detectors, and to measure the overall spectral response. A numerical photometric model of the instrument was developed for the optical configuration during calibration tests (spectral), functional tests (imager) on the ground, and flight configuration at the telescope focus, giving an estimate of the optical power received by the detectors for each configuration. The tests campaign validates the PILOT camera characterization and calibration. It delivered the first submillimeter images and the first spectral responses. Next, the camera will be aligned and integrated with the primary mirror of the telescope on the CNES gondola, for characterization and optical polarization calibration of the complete instrument. The first flight is now planned for mid 2014.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Multiple changes in gene expression in chronic human Achilles tendinopathy

Atlas™ cDNA cell interaction arrays (CLONTECH) were used to examine degenerate tissue from four patients with Achilles tendon disorders, in order to identify changes in expression of genes important in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. The greatest difference between normal (post-mortem) and degenerate tissue samples was in the level of MMP-3 (stromelysin) mRNA, which was down-regulated in all the degenerate samples. Quantitative RT-PCR assay of RNA extracted from paired ‘normal’ and degenerate Achilles tendon tissue samples taken from tendons during surgery mirrored the results of the arrays. Levels of MMP-3 mRNA were lower, whereas levels of type-I and type-III collagen mRNAs were significantly higher, in the degenerate compared to the ‘normal’ samples. Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from the same tendon samples showed that three of four normal tissue samples taken from individuals without apparent tendon disorder had much higher levels of MMP-3 protein than ‘normal’ or degenerate samples from patients with tendinosis. We suggest that MMP-3 may play an important role in the regulation of tendon extracellular matrix degradation and tissue remodelling

A comparison of sacral neuromodulation vs. transvaginal electrical stimulation for the treatment of refractory overactive bladder: The impact on quality of life, body image, sexual function, and emotional well-being

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is defined by the presence of urinary urgency, with or without urge incontinence, usually accompanied by an increase in urinary frequency and nocturia in the absence of urinary tract infections (UTI) or other diseases. The overall prevalence of OAB symptoms in the female population is reported to be 16.6% and increases with advancing age and menopause. The aetiology of OAB is not fully understood and is likely to affect a heterogeneous population of patients due to changes to their central and peripheral nervous systems. Although OAB is frequently associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD), its real impact on sexual function in women has been evaluated only in a few studies. The first line of treatment for OAB includes behavioural modification and physical therapy, either as monotherapies or in combination. Many patients who have not had success in managing their symptoms with more conservative therapies may decide to resort to third-line treatments for refractory OAB. These treatments include neuromodulation therapies, particularly transvaginal electrical stimulation (TES) and sacral neuromodulation (SN). The aim of this short commentary is to provide an overview of the effectiveness of these treatments and of their impact on quality of life, body image, sexual function, and emotional well-being

Commande visuelle et orale d'un robot mobile

National audienceLe but de ce papier est de présenter une interface de commande multimodale d'un robot mobile distant, équipé d'une caméra orientable en direction et azimut. Les modalités utilisées sont le regard associé à la parole ou au geste. Le champ d'applications que permet d'envisager le démonstrateur réalisé couvre des domaines variés, télésurveillance, handicap moteur, exploration de sites hostiles ou inaccessibles. Cet article décrit l'architecture matérielle, l'architecture logicielle et les différents protocoles de communication mis en oeuvre sur une plateforme démonstrative réalisée dans le cadre d'une collaboration régionale entre des équipes du CRAN et du LORIA

Using machine learning to map the European Cleantech sector

This paper is the introductory chapter of a series of analyses that will result from the CLEU1 project, a collaboration between the universities of Politecnico di Torino, Politecnico di Milano and Università degli Studi di Bologna. The project focuses on Cleantech, an industry sector that develops and deploys sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for various target applications. It aims to: i) analyse the actions that are undertaken by European Cleantech firms to engage in transformative climate and innovation actions to align with the European Green Deal-inspired policies; ii) examine the association of environmental innovation and the number of new investments made by venture capital (VC) investors in Cleantech companies on environmental indicators; iii) analyse the enabling factors for the development of European Cleantech firms, with a focus on EU-level and country-level targeted policies and regulations and the different sources of financing; iv) analyse the extent to which the implementation of policies and regulations affect both the propensity of cleantech firms to seek external equity financing and the equity offering by VC funds

Different patterns of pelvic ureteral endometriosis. What is the best treatment? Results of a retrospective analysis

Objective. Endometriosis is an estrogendependent disease. The incidence of urinary tract endometriosis (UE) increased during the last few years and, nowadays, it ranges from 0.3 to 12% of all women affected by the disease. The ureter is the second most common site affected. The ureteral endometriosis is classified in extrinsic and intrinsic. The aim of this study is to individuate the best treatments for each subset of ureteral endometriosis. Materials and Methods. 32 patients diagnosed with surgically treated UE were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into 3 subsets (intrinsic UE, extrinsic UE with and without obstruction). The patients with intrinsic UE (n = 10) were treated with laser endoureterotomy. The patients with extrinsic UE (n = 22) were divided in two subsets with (n = 16) and without (n = 6) hydronephrosis. All the patients underwent ureteral stenting, and resection and reimplantation was performed in the first group, and when the mass was > 2.5 cm (n = 3) Boari flap was performed. Laparoscopic ureterolysis (shaving) was performed in the second group. Results. In the extrinsic subset of UE, we obtained an high therapeutic success (84%). Conversely, in the intrinsic subset there was a recurrence rate of the disease in 6/10 of the patients (60%). Conclusions. Ureterolysis seems to be a good treatment in extrinsic UE without obstruction. Resection and reimplantation allows excellent results in the extrinsic UE with obstruction. In the intrinsic subset, the endoureterotomy approach is inadequate

The role of environmental sustainability in the relocation choices of MNEs: back to the home country or welcome in a new host country?

This study investigates how firms' awareness of environmental sustainability affects the revision of their internationalization strategies. Combining Stakeholder and Signalling theories, we argue that firms concerned with environmental sustainability have a higher propensity to return to their home country when confronted with the need to relocate foreign manufacturing subsidiaries, in order to match Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) stakeholder expectations and enhance the effectiveness of sustainable disclosure endeavours. We also argue that the home country's environmental policy stringency, reflecting a stronger pressure by stakeholders and a higher need for effective signals, positively moderates the relationship between the firm environmental sustainability concern and the likelihood to move back home. The empirical analysis conducted on a sample of 150 relocations performed across European nations in 2002–2016 reveals that MNEs signalling their CSR are more likely to backshore only in case of rigid environmental laws, which are perceived as an opportunity to align with CSR stakeholder expectations and to amplify the benefits of disclosing the shortening of their global value chain

Phase I trial combining temozolomide plus lapatinib for the treatment of brain metastases in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: the LAPTEM trial

Background Brain metastases (BMs) pose a clinical challenge in breast cancer (BC). Lapatinib or temozolomide showed activity in BM. Our study assessed the combination of both drugs as treatment for patients with HER2-positive BC and BM. Methods Eighteen patients were enrolled, with sixteen of them having recurrent or progressive BM. Any type of previous therapy was allowed, and disease was assessed by gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The primary end points were the evaluation of the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the determination of the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). The secondary end points included objective response rate, clinical benefit and duration of response. Results The lapatinib-temozolomide regimen showed a favorable toxicity profile because the MTD could not be reached. The most common adverse events (AEs) were fatigue, diarrhea and constipation. Disease stabilization was achieved in 10 out of 15 assessable patients. The estimated median survival time for the 16 patients with BM reached 10.94 months (95% CI: 1.09-20.79), whereas the median progression-free survival time was 2.60 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82-3.37]. Conclusions The lapatinib-temozolomide combination is well tolerated. Preliminary evidence of clinical activity was observed in a heavily pretreated population, as indicated by the volumetric reductions occurring in brain lesion