Molecular Biology of Rift Valley Fever Virus

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes large outbreaks of acute febrile and often fatal illness among humans and domesticated animals in sub-saharan Africa and the Arabian peninsula. RVFV is a member of the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus. Like all members of this large virus family, it contains a three-segmented genome of negative/ambisense strand RNA, packaged into viral nucleocapsid protein, and enveloped by a lipid bilayer containing two viral glycoproteins. During the past years, there was an increased interest in RVFV epidemiology, molecular biology, and virulence mechanisms. Here, we will try to provide an overview over the basic features of this significant pathogen, and review the latest developments in this highly active research field

Le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift : une revue des données récentes S

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes large outbreaks of acute febrile and often fatal illness among humans and domesticated animals in sub-saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The RVFV is of the genus Phlebovirus, within the family Bunyaviridae. Like all members of this large family, it contains a three-segmented RNA genome of negative/ambisense polarity, packaged into viral nucleocapsid protein, and finally surrounded by a lipid bilayer containing two viral glycoproteins. RVFV epidemiology, molecular biology, and virulence mechanisms have raised considerable interest over the past years. In the present article, we provide an overview of the basic features of this significant pathogen, and of the latest developments in this highly active research field.Le virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift (RVFV) est à l'origine de grandes épidémies, caractérisées par un épisode fébrile, souvent mortel, chez les hommes et les animaux des régions sub-sahariennes et de la Péninsule Arabique. Le RVFV appartient à la famille Bunyaviridae, et au genre Phlebovirus. Comme tous les autres membres de cette vaste famille, ce virus est équipé d'un génome constitué d'un ARN négatif segmenté (trois segments) avec une polarité négatif/ambisens, empaqueté dans une nucléocapside protéinique et finalement enveloppé dans une membrane à deux épaisseurs comportant deux glycoprotéines virales. Au cours de ces dernières années, le RVFV a fait l'objet d'une attention accrue en ce qui concerne son épidémiologie, sa biologie moléculaire, et ses mécanismes de virulence. Dans notre revue, nous donnons un aperçu sur les caractéristiques essentielles de cet agent pathogène important, et nous rendons compte des derniers développements dans ce domaine très actif de recherche

Characterisation of immune responses and protective efficacy in mice after immunisation with Rift Valley Fever virus cDNA constructs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Affecting both livestock and humans, Rift Valley Fever is considered as one of the most important viral zoonoses in Africa. However, no licensed vaccines or effective treatments are yet available for human use. Naked DNA vaccines are an interesting approach since the virus is highly infectious and existing attenuated Rift Valley Fever virus vaccine strains display adverse effects in animal trials. In this study, gene-gun immunisations with cDNA encoding structural proteins of the Rift Valley Fever virus were evaluated in mice. The induced immune responses were analysed for the ability to protect mice against virus challenge.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immunisation with cDNA encoding the nucleocapsid protein induced strong humoral and lymphocyte proliferative immune responses, and virus neutralising antibodies were acquired after vaccination with cDNA encoding the glycoproteins. Even though complete protection was not achieved by genetic immunisation, four out of eight, and five out of eight mice vaccinated with cDNA encoding the nucleocapsid protein or the glycoproteins, respectively, displayed no clinical signs of infection after challenge. In contrast, all fourteen control animals displayed clinical manifestations of Rift Valley Fever after challenge.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The appearance of Rift Valley Fever associated clinical signs were significantly decreased among the DNA vaccinated mice and further adjustment of this strategy may result in full protection against Rift Valley Fever.</p

International Network for Capacity Building for the Control of Emerging Viral Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases: Arbo-Zoonet

Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, which include West Nile fever virus (WNFV), a mosquito-borne virus, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne virus, and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a tick-borne virus. These arthropod-borne viruses can cause disease in different domestic and wild animals and in humans, posing a threat to public health because of their epidemic and zoonotic potential. In recent decades, the geographical distribution of these diseases has expanded. Outbreaks of WNF have already occurred in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, CCHF is endemic in many European countries and serious outbreaks have occurred, particularly in the Balkans, Turkey and Southern Federal Districts of Russia. In 2000, RVF was reported for the first time outside the African continent, with cases being confirmed in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. This spread was probably caused by ruminant trade and highlights that there is a threat of expansion of the virus into other parts of Asia and Europe. In the light of global warming and globalisation of trade and travel, public interest in emerging zoonotic diseases has increased. This is especially evident regarding the geographical spread of vector-borne diseases. A multi-disciplinary approach is now imperative, and groups need to collaborate in an integrated manner that includes vector control, vaccination programmes, improved therapy strategies, diagnostic tools and surveillance, public awareness, capacity building and improvement of infrastructure in endemic regions

Rift Valley Fever in Ruminants, Republic of Comoros, 2009

This work was supported with Fonds Européens de Développement Régional funds from the European Union within the Project “Programme de Coopération Scientifique sur les Maladies Animales Emergentes dans l’Océan Indien.”International audienceRift Valley fever (RVF) is caused by a Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) transmitted by a wide range of mosquitoes (1). This zoonotic disease is present in Africa, the Middle East, and Madagascar. Infections by RVF virus (RVFV) in ruminants cause massive abortions in livestock and high death rates in young animals, which result in major economic consequences. Humans are infected by mosquito bites, contact, or inhalation of aerosols. RVF is frequently unapparent or mild for humans, inducing an influenza-like illness that occasionally leads to more serious complications such as hemorrhage, meningoencephalitis, retinopathy, or even death. The improvement of the Comorian veterinary services and the setting up of surveillance programs are essential to limit the risk of introducing devastating diseases in the area

Emerging phleboviruses

The &lt;i&gt;Bunyavidae&lt;/i&gt; family is the largest grouping of RNA viruses and arguably the most diverse. Bunyaviruses have a truly global distribution and can infect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The majority of bunyaviruses are vectored by arthropods and thus have the remarkable capability to replicate in hosts of disparate phylogeny. The family has provided many examples of emerging viruses including Sin Nombre and related viruses responsible for hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas, first identified in 1993, and Schmallenberg virus which emerged in Europe in 2011, causing foetal malformations in ruminants. In addition, some well-known bunyaviruses like Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever viruses continue to emerge in new geographical locations. In this short review we focus on newly identified viruses associated with severe haemorrhagic disease in humans in China and the US

Організаційно-економічні основи розвитку соціальної відповідальності промисловго підприємства

Сучасний етап розвитку суспільства характеризується суттєвими змінами в усіх сферах соціального та економічного життя. Довготривалий економічний спад після відновлення незалежності України обумовив зниження соціальної активності підприємств, а сучасні кризові тенденції негативно позначаються на виконанні соціальних функцій державою. Це, поряд з постійними трансформаційними процесами, призводить до зниження якості життя й негативно впливає на розвиток економіки. Впровадження принципів соціальної відповідальності в бізнес- процеси виступає чинником подальшого розвитку підприємства та набуває першочергового значення при вирішенні ряду соціальних проблем. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1581