APLIKASI ANDROID PENDAFTARAN DONOR DARAH BERBASIS CLIENT-SERVER

Donor darah adalah proses pengambilan darah dari seseorang secara sukarela untuk disimpan di bank darah untuk kemudian digunakan pada transfusi darah. Informasi tentang kebutuhan darah adalah hal penting yang harus diketahui oleh masyarakat umum, terutama bagi mereka yang memiliki keinginan untuk mendonor sehingga mereka dapat mendaftarkan diri untuk donor darah. Untuk menyediakan kemudahan dalam proses donor darah, dibuat aplikasi pendaftaran donor darah bagi pengguna Android berbasis Client-Server di mana Client adalah pengguna android sebagai calon pendonor dan Server adalah pegawai bank darah. Aplikasi ini menggunakan JSON (Java Script Object Notation) sebagai jembatan antara Client dan Server dan Ticket Time Limit sebagai konsep dalam pendaftaran donor darah. Aplikasi ini dapat memudahkan pendonor dalam mendapatkan informasi kebutuhan darah dan pendaftaran donor darah secara online Kata kunci : android, client server, JSON, donor darah, web servic

Systems approaches to modelling pathways and networks.

Peer reviewedPreprin

A Mechanistic Model of PCR for Accurate Quantification of Quantitative PCR Data

Background: Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a workhorse laboratory technique for measuring the concentration of a target DNA sequence with high accuracy over a wide dynamic range. The gold standard method for estimating DNA concentrations via qPCR is quantification cycle (Cq) standard curve quantification, which requires the time- and labor-intensive construction of a Cq standard curve. In theory, the shape of a qPCR data curve can be used to directly quantify DNA concentration by fitting a model to data; however, current empirical model-based quantification methods are not as reliable as Cq standard curve quantification. Principal Findings: We have developed a two-parameter mass action kinetic model of PCR (MAK2) that can be fitted to qPCR data in order to quantify target concentration from a single qPCR assay. To compare the accuracy of MAK2-fitting to other qPCR quantification methods, we have applied quantification methods to qPCR dilution series data generated in three independent laboratories using different target sequences. Quantification accuracy was assessed by analyzing the reliability of concentration predictions for targets at known concentrations. Our results indicate that quantification by MAK2-fitting is as reliable as Cq standard curve quantification for a variety of DNA targets and a wide range of concentrations. Significance: We anticipate that MAK2 quantification will have a profound effect on the way qPCR experiments are designed and analyzed. In particular, MAK2 enables accurate quantification of portable qPCR assays with limited sampl

A versatile panel of reference gene assays for the measurement of chicken mRNA by quantitative PCR

Quantitative real-time PCR assays are widely used for the quantification of mRNA within avian experimental samples. Multiple stably-expressed reference genes, selected for the lowest variation in representative samples, can be used to control random technical variation. Reference gene assays must be reliable, have high amplification specificity and efficiency, and not produce signals from contaminating DNA. Whilst recent research papers identify specific genes that are stable in particular tissues and experimental treatments, here we describe a panel of ten avian gene primer and probe sets that can be used to identify suitable reference genes in many experimental contexts. The panel was tested with TaqMan and SYBR Green systems in two experimental scenarios: a tissue collection and virus infection of cultured fibroblasts. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms were able to select appropriate reference gene sets in each case. We show the effects of using the selected genes on the detection of statistically significant differences in expression. The results are compared with those obtained using 28s ribosomal RNA, the present most widely accepted reference gene in chicken work, identifying circumstances where its use might provide misleading results. Methods for eliminating DNA contamination of RNA reduced, but did not completely remove, detectable DNA. We therefore attached special importance to testing each qPCR assay for absence of signal using DNA template. The assays and analyses developed here provide a useful resource for selecting reference genes for investigations of avian biology

Engineering the Quantitative PCR Assay for Decreased Cost and Complexity.

The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is an assay of target nucleic acid concentration. Clinical applications of quantitative PCR include measurement of HIV viral load, measurement of bacterial infection, and cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Widespread usage of qPCR, however, is restricted by limited experimental throughput, assay-to-assay variability, and methods of interpreting data that are either cumbersome or lack robustness. This thesis introduces two advances that simplify both the analysis and design of qPCR assays. The first advance, a two parameter mass action kinetic model of PCR (MAK2) was developed for fitting qPCR data in order to quantify target concentration using a single qPCR assay. MAK2-fitting was experimentally validated on three independently generated qPCR datasets and found to quantify data as accurately as the gold-standard method, quantification cycle (Cq) standard curve quantification. The second advance presented, multiplex-MAK2 analysis of monochrome multiplex qPCR (MMQPCR) data, was developed for automated quantification of both targets in duplex qPCR assays without target-specific DNA probes. The MMQPCR assay and multiplex-MAK2-fitting were tested experimentally on a two-dimensional dilution series with known amounts of two synthetic DNA targets. Results indicate that the two-target MMQPCR assay can accurately measure both targets when the target concentration ratio is at least 10:1, and that multiplex-MAK2 quantifies data with similar accuracy to quantification by Cq standard curve. Results obtained from experimental validation using two genetic DNA targets from a microbial coculture further support these conclusions. The results of these experiments suggest that duplex qPCR assays can be performed that are as simple, inexpensive, and accurate as monoplex qPCR assays, yet provide twice as much information. Overall, this work demonstrates the benefits of using biophysics-based qPCR methods. This thesis first provides an overview of the biophysical framework from which current qPCR methods are analyzed. Next, there is an in depth discussion of the analysis methods currently used to analyze qPCR data. The MAK2 model is then derived from first principles and experimentally validated. Multiplex-MAK2-fitting of qPCR data is described and experimentally validated. The thesis concludes with applications of the developed technologies and possible directions for further development of biophysics-based qPCR methods.Ph.D.Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84653/1/gboggy_1.pd

PENERAPAN STEGANOGRAFI METODE RANDOM PIXEL EMBEDDING DALAM PENGAMANAN DATA TEKS DAN CITRA

Data teks dan citra adalah dua jenis data yang umum digunakan dalam berkomunikasi pada era digital. Terkadang, data ini bersifat sensitif dan rahasia. Steganografi adalah sebuah teknik dan seni menyembunyikan suatu pesan rahasia ke dalam sebuah media sehingga keberadaan pesan itu sendiri tersamarkan. Dalam steganografi salah satu metode yang umum digunakan adalah metode Least Significant Bit (LSB), yaitu dengan cara menyisipkan tiap bit-bit pesan ke nilai bit terakhir dari sebuah nilai piksel, sehingga tidak merubah jauh nilai dari piksel itu sendiri. Akan tetapi, metode ini memiliki kelemahan dikarenakan penyisipan dilakukan secara berurutan sehingga ekstraksi akan mudah dilakukan oleh pihak yang tidak berwenang. Oleh karena itu, digunakan metode Random Pixel Embedding (RPE), yaitu dengan memadukan steganografi LSB dengan suatu bentuk kriptografi, yaitu Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) untuk mendapatkan himpunan bilangan acak yang dapat digunakan sebagai lokasi tempat bit pesan disisipkan. PRNG menggunakan sebuah bilangan yang disebut dengan seed untuk memulai pemanggilan bilangan acak. Dengan menggunakan seed yang sama, maka PRNG akan menghasilkan bilangan acak yang sama sehingga deret bilangan acak tersebut dapat dipanggil kembali dalam proses ekstraksi pesan. Dalam tugas akhir ini, telah dikembangkan sebuah aplikasi steganografi dengan menggunakan metode RPE. Aplikasi ini dapat menyisipkan pesan teks atau citra dan menghasilkan sebuah stego objek yang tidak dapat dideteksi oleh indra manusia dengan PSNR lebih dari 50db untuk stego objek yang disimpan dalam ekstensi dengan kompresi lossless dan mengekstraksinya kembali. Kata Kunci : steganografi, LSB, PRNG, teks, citra digita