The rise and stability of the Earth's atmosphere

History and stability of earth atmospher

Genetic tools for Sulfolobus spp.: vectors and first applications

Sulfolobus species belong to the best-studied archaeal organisms but have lacked powerful genetic methods. Recently, there has been considerable progress in the field of Sulfolobus genetics. Urgently needed basic genetic tools, such as targeted gene knockout techniques and shuttle vectors are being developed at an increasing pace. For S. solfataricus knockout systems as well as different shuttle vectors are available. For the genetically more stable S. acidocaldarius shuttle vectors have been recently developed. In this review we summarize the currently available genetic tools and methods for the genus Sulfolobus. Different transformation protocols are discussed, as well as all so far developed knockout systems and Sulfolobus-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors are summarized. Special emphasis is put on the important vector components, i.e., selectable markers and Sulfolobus replicons. Additionally, the information gathered on different Sulfolobus strains with respect to their use as recipient strains is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the different systems are discussed and aims for further improvement of genetic systems are identifie

Graduate Education in the Southwest

The preliminary study presented herewith had its inception in conversations with Mr. J. Erik Jonsson early in 1958 when he outlined to me the serious problems facing the intellectual and economic growth of the Southwest in this technological age. Mr. Jonsson pointed out that many of the leaders of the Southwest community realized the imperative need for the generation of an intellectual and scientific climate in the region to ensure its healthy development. To achieve this climate, the graduate education in the region must be augmented

A Novel Case of HHV-6 Meningoencephalitis in an Immunocompetent Adult

We present a case of a 56-year-old female who presented with HHV6 encephalitis. She initially presented with altered mental status. Our patient ultimately made a full recovery several days later with only some mild intermittent episodes of confusion. Currently there are no other case reports of HHV6 encephalitis in the adult population

Exploring the Relationship Between Developing Intuition and Intuitive Decision-Making: A Quasi-Experimental Research Design

Scientific research suggests intuition is a complex process and a valuable component in decision-making. This pilot study explores the relationship between developing intuition and intuitive decision-making. Through an empirical approach with a holistic view, we utilized a quasi-experimental methodology to explore causation between an intuition development intervention and intuitive decision-making test scores among 20 participants. Primary findings of the paired sample two tailed t-test were t (19) = .127, p = .900, indicate no statistical significance between developing intuition and intuitive decision-making skills. However, secondary findings were congruent with the literature. The calculated mean, median, mode, and range of intuitive decision-making test times decreased after intuition development, indicating improved intuitive decision-making skills. Implications of this pilot study assist future research that explores the relationship between developing intuition and intuitive decision-making

Abiotic formation of O2 and O3 in high-CO2 terrestrial atmospheres

Previous research has indicated that high amounts of ozone (O3) and oxygen (O2) may be produced abiotically in atmospheres with high concentrations of CO2. The abiotic production of these two gases, which are also characteristic of photosynthetic life processes, could pose a potential "false-positive" for remote-sensing detection of life on planets around other stars.We show here that such false positives are unlikely on any planet that possesses abundant liquid water, as rainout of oxidized species onto a reduced planetary surface should ensure that atmospheric H2 concentrations remain relatively high, and that O2 and O3 remain low. Our aim is to determine the amount of O3 and O2 formed in a high CO2 atmosphere for a habitable planet without life. We use a photochemical model that considers hydrogen (H2) escape and a detailed hydrogen balance to calculate the O2 and O3 formed on planets with 0.2 of CO2 around the Sun, and 0.02, 0.2 and 2 bars of CO2 around a young Sun-like star with higher UV radiation. The concentrations obtained by the photochemical model were used as input in a radiative transfer model that calculated the spectra of the modeled planets. The O3 and O2 concentrations in the simulated planets are extremely small, and unlikely to produce a detectable signature in the spectra of those planets. We conclude that with a balanced hydrogen budget, and for planets with an active hydrological cycle, abiotic formation of O2 and O3 is unlikely to create a possible false positive for life detection in either the visible/near-infrared or mid-infrared wavelength regimes.Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics accepte

Braunkohlenplanung

Die Braunkohlenplanung ist in den berührten Ländern Deutschlands Bestandteil der Raumordnungsplanung auf Landes- (Brandenburg) bzw. regionaler Ebene (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt). Braunkohlenpläne enthalten für aktive Förderstätten Regelungen zu Abbaugrenzen, zur Umsiedlung und zur Infrastruktur sowie für alle Tagebaue Festlegungen zu den Grundzügen der Wiedernutzbarmachung, zur Überwindung von Gefährdungspotenzialen sowie zum Wasserhaushalt