Square-wave voltammetric determination of primaquine in urine using a multi-walled carbon nanotube modified electrode

The electrochemical process involving primaquine was studied at a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The GC/MWCNTs electrode promoted an intense oxidation peak for primaquine, improving signal when compared to the one observed using bare GC as electrode. Besides the increasing in active electrode area, the MWCNTs seemed to provide faster electron transfer. The linear analytical response for primaquine, in the concentration range from 0.1 to 5.0 μmol L−1, was achieved on a supporting electrolyte consisting of Britton-Robinson buffer (0.02 mol L−1; pH 7.00) and KCl (0.25 mol L−1). The quantitative assay using square-wave voltammetry was performed by successive additions of standard into the electrochemical cell, containing the sample, with instrumental limit of detection (LOD) of 7.3 μg L−1 (28 nmol L−1). A procedure involving liquid-liquid extraction and thin-layer chromatography provided selectivity and pre-concentration required for the determination of traces of primaquine in urine samples (LOD of the method of 146 ng L−1). Recoveries in urine samples were statistically similar to the one achieved by HPLC

Heavy atom enhanced room-temperature phosphorimetry for ultratrace determination of harmane

Harmane has been proposed for the treatment of epilepsy, AIDS and leshmaniosis. Its room-temperature phosphorescence was induced using either AgNO3 or TlNO3, enabling absolute limits of detection of 0.12 and 2.4 ng respectively, with linear dynamic ranges extending up to 456 ng (AgNO3) and 911 ng (TlNO3). Relative standard deviations around 3% were observed for substrates containing 46 ng of harmane. Such sensitivity and precision are needed because harmane intake must be strictly controlled to achieve proper therapeutic response. Interference studies were performed using thalidomide, reserpine and yohimbine. Recovery of 104±6% was achieved using solid surface room-temperature phosphorimetry. The result was comparable to the one obtained by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Determination of Kresoxim-Methyl in Water and in Grapes by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Using PhotochemicalInduced Fluorescence and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME)

A high-performance chromatographic method was developed to determine the fungicide kresoxim-methyl. Off-line photochemical derivatization was used to induce the formation of a stable and fluorescent product since the fungicide does not present natural fluorescence. Intense fluorescence at 370/430nm was achieved by treating the analyte in solution at pH 6 to ultraviolet light for 45s. The chromatographic conditions included isocratic elution with 50/ 50% (v/v) acetonitrile/water and the photochemical product appeared at a retention time of 7.2min. The short and long term stabilities of the photoproduct were evaluated and variation of less than 5% was achieved. The limits of detection in water samples and in grapes samples were 0.019mg kg1 and 0.065mg kg1 of kresoxim-methyl residue, respectively. The linear response covered three orders of magnitude up to 10.6mg kg1 of kresoxim-methyl. The robustness was evaluated through a Box–Behnken experimental design showing the insignificance of all factors and their interactions. The potential interference of tebuconazole for the determination of kresoxim-methyl was studied. The use of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) allowed recoveries between 80% and 101% depending on concentration with the minimum generation of waste products

Detailed state of the art review for the different on-line/in-line oil analysis techniques in context of wind turbine gearboxes

The main driver behind developing advanced condition monitoring (CM) systems for the wind energy industry is the delivery of improved asset management regarding the operation and maintenance of the gearbox and other wind turbine components and systems. Current gearbox CM systems mainly detect faults by identifying ferrous materials, water, and air within oil by changes in certain properties such as electrical fields. In order to detect oil degradation and identify particles, more advanced devices are required to allow a better maintenance regime to be established. Current technologies available specifically for this purpose include Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ferrography. There are also several technologies that have not yet been or have been recently applied to CM problems. After reviewing the current state of the art, it is recommended that a combination of sensors would be used that analyze different characteristics of the oil. The information individually would not be highly accurate but combined it is fully expected that greater accuracy can be obtained. The technologies that are suitable in terms of cost, size, accuracy, and development are online ferrography, selective fluorescence spectroscopy, scattering measurements, FTIR, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and solid state viscometers

Terapêutica cirúrgica na síndrome de Fournier: relato de caso

Síndrome de Fournier ou Gangrena de Fournier é uma fasceíte necrotizante que acomete região perineal, perianal e genital, ocasionada por uma infecção polimicrobiana sinergística de bactérias aeróbicas e anaeróbicas, com predomínio em homens em média aos 50 anos. A enfermidade é caracterizada por uma endarteríte obliterante causando trombose vascular subcutânea e necrose de tecidos. Microrganismos distintos aparecem como patógenos nas culturas dos pacientes com essa enfermidade. O quadro clínico pode se manifestar com dor, eritema e edema, cianose e crepitação em bolsa escrotal e períneo associada ou não a febre e calafrios. Diagnóstico e intervenção precoce, com antibioticoterapia de largo espectro e drenagem ampla, permitiu melhores resultados nestes doentes. A mortalidade permanece elevada quando o diagnóstico é tardio e o tratamento operatório retardado. O objetivo do artigo é relatar um caso de Síndrome de Fournier em um paciente de 52 anos e discutir a melhor abordagem cirúrgica e seus impactos no sucesso terapêutico nesta enfermidade.Fournier syndrome or Fournier’s gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis that affects the perineal, perianal and genital region, caused by a polymicrobial infection of aerobic and anaerobic synergistic bacteria predominantly in men, on average at age 50. The disease is characterized by obliterative endarteritis causing subcutaneous vascular thrombosis and tissue necrosis. Different microorganisms appear as patogens in cultures of patients with this disease. The clinical picture may manifest as pain, redness and swelling, cianosis and crepitus in the scrotum and perineum with or without fever and chills. Early diagnosis and intervention with broad spectrum antibiotics and ample drainage contributed to a better outcome for these patients. Mortality remains high when diagnosis is late and the surgical procedure postponed. The aim of this paper is to report a case of Fournier syndrome in a 52 year old patient, discuss the best surgical approach and its impact on therapeutic success in this disease

Efeito de fatores geneticos e edafoclimaticos sobre a composição centesimal e valor nuticional de 5 cultivares de ervilha (Pisum sativum L.) introduzidas em 4 microrregiões do Estado de São Paulo

Orientadores: Admar Costa de Oliveira, Flavia Maria NettoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: A composição químico-centesimal e a qualidade proteica de 5 cultivares de Pisum sativum L- Amélia, Luíza, Jurema, Flávia e Mikado, tomada como testemunha, -foram determinadas através dos estudos experimentais, cujo objetivo principal foi analisar as características desta cultivares quanto ao perfil nutricional e aos efeitos de quatro diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, do Estado de São Paulo sobre o mesmo. Em uma primeira fase, foram realizadas determinações químicas das farinhas obtidas a partir dos grãos destas cultivares, referentes à composição centesimal - teores de proteína, fibra, cinzas, carboidratos, lipídios e aminoácidos - além de escore químico e digestibilidade in vitro. Em uma segunda fase foi realizado o ensaio in vivo, utilizando-se 102 ratos da linhagem Wistar que receberam as dietas preparadas com as farinhas correspondentes às cultivares estudadas, como únicas fontes de proteína, a fim de se determinar a relação de eficiência proteica líquida (NPR) para cada uma das formulações. Na análise estatística dos resultados, utilizou-se o método de Duncan para a determinação dos grupos homogêneos e as análises de variância de 1 e 2 vias. Com base nessas análises foi possível concluir que a cultivar Jurema destacou-se, em relação às demais cultivares, em termos da qualidade nutricional, tendo apresentado o melhor perfil principalmente quanto ao teor proteico dos grãos (24,63g/100g)*, além de ter registrado os maiores valores para escore químico (56,05%)* e para os aminoácidos lisina (7,01 g/16gN)* e sulfurados totais (1,44g/16gN)* A julgar pelos indicadores de variação genética - coeficiente de variação e amplitude de variação - a 'Jurema' revelou-se a cultivar dotada de melhor potencial genético em vista da maior flexibilidade de respostas frente a variações edafoclimáticas. Ficou também demonstrado que a Flávia além de ser a cultivar que mais se destacou depois da 'Jurema', e devido à outras características positivas tais como o caráter semi-áfilo e elevada produtividade (Wulke, 1990) não deve ser descartada, podendo, também ser utilizada com vantagem em programas de melhoramento. Embora a 'Luíza' tenha apresentado desempenho inferior ao da 'Jurema' e da 'Flávia', o fato desta cultivar ter se sobressaído às demais quanto à produção de fibra (9,74g/100g)* é relevante, pois a ingestão desta é essencial para o funcionamento do trato digestivo. Quanto ao efeito das regiões de cultivo sobre o perfil nutricional das cultivares, ficou demostrado que as interações entre algumas das regiões e as cultivares estudadas contribuíram de modo marcante para o incremento de alguns componentes químicos dos grãos. Em termos do teor de proteína bruta, a região de Ribeirão Preto foi a que se destacou, apresentando o valor médio de 25,61 g/100g para as cultivares estudadas, enquanto que para carboidratos, as regiões de Capão Bonito e Ribeirão Preto foram as que se sobressaíram; já no que concerne a lipídios e fibra a região de Campinas e Mococa, respectivamente, proporcionaram a maior produção destes componentes químicos. Em relação à qualidade proteica dos grãos, a região de Campinas condicionou os valores mais elevados entre cultivares para o aminoácido lisina (7,52g/16gN), escore químico (61,54%) e NPR (2,98). Já para digestibilidade, a região de Mococa foi a que se destacou produzindo os valores mas elevados para todas as cultivares, com o valor médio de 82,22%. Os resultados são conclusivos quanto ao valor nutritivo destas cultivares brasileiras, que foram primeiramente selecionadas com base na sua produtividade pelo Instituto Agronômico - IAC, para serem utilizadas nas condições edafoclimáticas do Estado de São Paulo.Abstract: The proximate percent composition and the protein nutritional quality of five pea (Pisum sativum L) cultivars - Amélia, Luíza, Jurema, Flávia and Mikado (control) - were determined. The main objective was to analyze the nutritional profile of these cultivars and evaluate the effects of soil and climate conditions of four regions of the State of São Paulo. During the first phase, chemical determinations were carried out on the flour from the grain of these cultivars which included percentage composition - protein, fiber, ash, carbohydrate, lipid, and aminoacid contents - chemical score and in vitro digestibility. During the second phase, an in vivo assay was performed using 102 rats of the Wistar strain, which received diets prepared with the pea flours, including Mikado, cultivar, as the sole protein sources, aiming at to establishing the net protein ratio (NPR) for each formulation. The Duncan method was used for the statistical analysis of the results, in order to determine the homogeneous group, as well as the one way and the two-way analysis of variance. On the basis of these analyses, it was possible to conclude that the Jurema cultivar stands out in nutritional quality. Furthermore, 'Jurema' has the best profile, particularly protein content of the grain (24.63/100g)*, the highest chemical score (56.05%)* , lysine (7.01/16gN)* and sulphur-aminoacids (1.45g/16gN)* contents. According to genetic variation indicators - variation coefficient and range of variation - 'Jurema' showed the best genetic potential because of its greatest flexibility of response to soil and climate changes. The Flávia cultivar showed some desirable characteristics, such as a semi- aphyllous character and high yield, and should not be discarded since it could be very useful in breeding programmes. It rated second only to the Jurema cultivar. Although the performance of the Luíza cultivar was not as good as 'Jurema' and 'Flávia', it stood out in fiber production (9.74/100g)*. This is a relevant trait because of the role of fiber in digestive tract physiology. Regarding the effect of location on nutritional profile of the grains, it was demonstrated a positive interaction between regions and cultivars considerably increase of some chemical components of the grains for some cultivars. For total protein content, Ribeirão Preto showed the best performance with an average value of 25.61 g/100g for all cultivars in the study, Capão Bonito and Ribeirão Preto regions were determined the highest carbohydrate yields, Campinas and Mococa regions the highest lipid and fiber contents, respectively. With regard to the protein quality, grains from Campinas had thehighest values for lysine (7.52/16gN), chemical score (61.54%) and NPR (2.98). The region of Mococa produced grain with the protein highest digestibility, for all cultivars in the study, with an average value of 82.22%. The results on the nutritional value of these Brazilian cultivars, which were selected by the Agronomic Institute (IAC) primarily based on productivity are conclusive when submitted to the soil and climate conditions of the state of São Paulo.MestradoNutrição Basica e ExperimentalMestre em Ciência da Nutriçã

Androgenizacao neonatal de cadelas: aspectos endocrinos e comportamentais

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe