Nitro Mustard処理モルモット血清モルモットに対する抗原性について

京都大学0048新制・論文博士医学博士論医博第225号新制||医||85B(附属図書館)1055(主査)教授 本庄 一夫, 教授 木村 忠司, 教授 伊藤 鉄夫学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

Oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder affects tongue coating microbiome

Objectives: Tongue coating, a kind of biofilm formed on the tongue dorsum, is the cause of various clinical conditions, such as oral halitosis and periodontal diseases, because Fusobacterium nucleatum acts as a bridge between other oral bacteria and periodontopathogenic bacteria in biofilm formation. Our previous clinical study revealed that taking oral care tablets containing kiwifruit powder significantly reduced not only tongue‐coating index and volatile sulfur compounds but also total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating. In this study, we analyzed the microbiome of tongue coating samples obtained before and after oral care tablets intake to clarify whether this tablet is a useful tool for daily tongue care. Methods: Thirty‐two healthy young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for intervention II. Microbial DNA was isolated from the collected tongue coating samples in each subject, then 16S rRNA next‐generation sequencing, operational taxonomic unit clustering, and statistical analysis were performed. Results: The microbiome analysis revealed that the oral care tablet in intervention II prompted a significant change in the tongue microbiota composition, a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Prevotella and Porphyromonas, and an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio when compared to that in intervention I. Conclusion: These results suggested that the oral care tablet might contribute to the improvement of the oral condition due to its good influence on the tongue coating microbiome

Effectiveness of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder in reducing oral bacteria in tongue coating : A crossover trial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on oral bacteria in tongue coating compared with tongue brushing. Material and methods: Thirty‐two healthy, young adults were enrolled, and a crossover clinical trial was conducted. The volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentration, Winkel tongue‐coating index (WTCI), and the number of total bacteria in addition to Fusobacterium nucleatum in tongue coating were measured. We instructed subjects to remove tongue coating by tongue brush for Intervention I, to keep the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder on the tongue dorsum and to let it dissolve naturally for Intervention II, and three oral care tablets 1 day before the measurement for Intervention III. Results: There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2S, VSC, and WTCI at Intervention I and all evaluation values at Intervention II. There were significant differences in terms of the level of H2S, VSC, WTCI, the number of total bacteria, and F. nucleatum at Intervention III. The value of WTCI, the number of bacteria, and F. nucleatum decreased significantly after taking the oral care tablets than after tongue brushing. When compared with Interventions I and III, Intervention III showed the effective results; there were significant differences in the number of total bacteria and F. nucleatum between tongue brushing and taking tablets. Conclusions: These results suggested that the oral care tablet containing kiwifruit powder could be effective in reducing total bacteria and F. nucleatum in tongue coating when compared with tongue brushing

Genomics-based discrimination of 2n gamete formation mechanisms in polyploids: a case study in nonaploid Diospyros kaki ‘Akiou’

Unreduced gametes (2n gametes), possessing double the haploid genome, whatever ploidy that happens to be, are a common source of ploidy variation in plant populations. First and second division restitution (FDR and SDR) are the dominant mechanisms of 2n gamete production; all else being equal, FDR gametes have a higher degree of heterozygosity, thus they are advantageous in breeding. The discrimination of these mechanisms from the consequence of hybridization is challenging, especially in higher polyploids, and usually requires information on centromere location. In this study, we propose a genotyping-based strategy to uncover the mechanisms of 2n gamete formation in progeny that has a higher ploidy than its parents. Simulation of 2n gamete production revealed that FDR and SDR pathways can be discriminated based on allele transmission patterns alone without information on centromere location. We applied this strategy to study the formation mechanism of a nonaploid Diospyros kaki ‘Akiou', which was bred via hybridization between D. kaki hexaploid cultivars. The result demonstrated that ‘Akiou' was derived from the fertilization of a normal female gamete by a 2n male gamete and that this 2n gamete was produced through FDR. Consequently, the distinct duplex transmission pattern in the FDR gamete enabled us to infer the genomic characteristics of polyploid persimmon. The method could be tested only for the plant being polypoid, which allows for the ability to discriminate causes of 2n gamete formation using allele dosage in progeny, and will be useful in future studies of polyploid genomics

Microwaves reduce water refractive index

Microwaves, long used as a convenient household appliance, have been increasingly used in industrial processes such as organic synthesis and oil processing. It has been proposed that microwaves can enhance these chemical processes via a non-thermal effect. Here we report the instantaneous effect of microwaves on the permittivity and phase velocity of light in water through the in-situ measurement of changes in refractive index. Microwave irradiation was found to reduce the water refractive index (RI) sharply. The reduction increased as a function of microwave power to a far greater extent than expected from the change in temperature. The phase velocity of light in water increases up to ~ 5% (RI of 1.27) during microwave irradiation. Upon stopping irradiation, the return to the equilibrium RI was delayed by up to 30 min. Our measurement shows that microwaves have a profound non-thermal and long-lasting effect on the properties of water. Further investigation is planned to verify if the observed RI reduction is restricted to the region near the surface or deep inside water bulk. The observation suggests a relationship between microwave-induced and the enhanced aqueous reactions

Deep Learning Predicts Rapid Over-softening and Shelf Life in Persimmon Fruits

In contrast to the progress in the research on physiological disorders relating to shelf life in fruit crops, it has been difficult to non-destructively predict their occurrence. Recent high-tech instruments have gradually enabled non-destructive predictions for various disorders in some crops, while there are still issues in terms of efficiency and costs. Here, we propose application of a deep neural network (or simply deep learning) to simple RGB images to predict a severe fruit disorder in persimmon, rapid over-softening. With 1,080 RGB images of ‘Soshu’ persimmon fruits, three convolutional neural networks (CNN) were examined to predict rapid over-softened fruits with a binary classification and the date to fruit softening. All of the examined CNN models worked successfully for binary classification of the rapid over-softened fruits and the controls with > 80% accuracy using multiple criteria. Furthermore, the prediction values (or confidence) in the binary classification were correlated to the date to fruit softening. Although the features for classification by deep learning have been thought to be in a black box by conventional standards, recent feature visualization methods (or “explainable” deep learning) has allowed identification of the relevant regions in the original images. We applied Grad-CAM, Guided backpropagation, and layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP), to find early symptoms for CNNs classification of rapid over-softened fruits. The focus on the relevant regions tended to be on color unevenness on the surface of the fruit, especially in the peripheral regions. These results suggest that deep learning frameworks could potentially provide new insights into early physiological symptoms of which researchers are unaware

Models for Metal Hydride Particle Shape, Packing, and Heat Transfer

A multiphysics modeling approach for heat conduction in metal hydride powders is presented, including particle shape distribution, size distribution, granular packing structure, and effective thermal conductivity. A statistical geometric model is presented that replicates features of particle size and shape distributions observed experimentally that result from cyclic hydride decreptitation. The quasi-static dense packing of a sample set of these particles is simulated via energy-based structural optimization methods. These particles jam (i.e., solidify) at a density (solid volume fraction) of 0.665+/-0.015 - higher than prior experimental estimates. Effective thermal conductivity of the jammed system is simulated and found to follow the behavior predicted by granular effective medium theory. Finally, a theory is presented that links the properties of bi-porous cohesive powders to the present systems based on recent experimental observations of jammed packings of fine powder. This theory produces quantitative experimental agreement with metal hydride powders of various compositions.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, 2 table

Single port/incision laparoscopic surgery compared with standard three-port laparoscopic surgery for appendicectomy : a randomised controlled trial

PMID: 23111090 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC3543288 Free PMC ArticlePeer reviewedPublisher PD

コウクウ ドローン ヲ モチイタ エンガンイキ ケンダクブツ カンシ シュホウ ノ カイハツ テイキアツ イベント ゴ ニ オケル ホッカイドウ トコロガワ カコウ シュウヘン ノ ケーススタディ

オホーツク海北海道沿岸地域はホタテ貝の養殖が盛んであるが，この地域を流れる河川から，低気圧イベントなどの後に供給される懸濁物による被害が問題となってきている。このため簡便で広範囲の懸濁物をモニタリングする方法の開発が望まれている。本研究は，道東常呂町を流れる常呂川の河口域を対象として，特殊な装置を必要としない航空ドローン搭載カメラのみによる濁度モニタリング方法を開発することを目的とする。計測用ではない一般向けカメラの特性は非公開の場合が多く，このようなカメラを計測に用いるには，その特性を対象物に合わせて解析する必要がある。本手法では，常呂川の河口で濁水を採水し，採水箇所でドローンをホバリングさせ河川表面を撮影し，撮影された画像と標準白板から河川表面の反射率を算出して，反射率と濁度の関係を線形回帰モデルと指数回帰モデルで比較した。線形回帰モデルのRMSEおよび指数回帰モデルでのRMSEを比較した結果，このドローンに搭載されたカメラは指数回帰モデルを用いた場合に濁度の再現性が高いことがわかった。しかしながら，本手法の精度は，河川の定常状態での低濁度を監視するには不十分である。検出精度を向上させるためには，植物プランクトンなどの有機懸濁物との同時観測が必要である。The coastal area of Hokkaido bordering the Sea of Okhotsk is famous for cultivating scallops, however, there have been problems of damage to scallops caused by suspended solids supplied from rivers flowing through these areas after low pressure events ; therefore, the development of a simple and wide-range monitoring method for suspended solids is required. This study aimed to develop a turbidity monitoring method using only an aerial drone, that does not require a special device, targeting the estuary of the Tokoro River flowing through the Tokoro Town located in east Hokkaido. The specifications of commercially available cameras for use by general customers are often not disclosed ; thus, when using such cameras for measurements, it is necessary to analyze their specifications in relation to the object of measurement. The relationship between the turbidity of the turbid water sampled in the estuary of Tokoro River and the reflectance calculated from the images of the river surface photographed with the hovering drone at the site of water sampling were compared using a linear regression model and an exponential regression model. The drone mounted camera detected turbidity with high reliability when using the exponential regression model. As a result of comparing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of both models, the camera mounted on this drone was found to have high reproducibility of high turbidity when using an exponential regression model. However, the precision of this model is slightly insufficient for routine monitoring for daily condition of the river with low turbidity. Thus, improvements such as simultaneous observation of phytoplankton other than inorganic suspended solids are necessary

The current status and future perspectives of laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is most common cancer in Korea. Surgery is still the main axis of treatment. Due to early detection of gastric cancer, the innovation of surgical instruments and technological advances, gastric cancer treatment is now shifting to a new era. One of the most astonishing changes is that minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is becoming more dominant treatment for early gastric cancer. These MIS are represented by endoscopic resection, laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, single-port surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. Among them, laparoscopic gastrectomy is most actively performed in the field of surgery. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for early gastric cancer (EGC) has already gained popularity in terms of the short-term outcomes including patient's quality of life. We only have to wait for the long-term oncologic results of Korean Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group. Upcoming top issues following oncologic safety of LADG are function-preserving surgery for EGC, application of laparoscopy to advanced gastric cancer and sentinel lymph node navigation surgery. In the aspect of technique, laparoscopic surgery at present could reproduce almost the whole open procedures. However, the other fields mentioned above need more evidences and experiences. All these new ideas and attempts provide technical advances, which will minimize surgical insults and maximize the surgical outcomes and the quality of life of patients