Perbandingan Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Zingiber officinale dengan Insulin terhadap Berat Plasenta pada Rattus norvegicus Model Diabetes Mellitus Pragestasional

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs in the community, with 1.9% prevalence of in the world is and the seventh leading cause of death in the world. It is estimated to increase up to 21.3 million by 2030 if the pattern of Diabetes management is not well developed. In 2007, the prevalence of Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia was 12% and had an impact on placental development that was important during pregnancy for fetal survival with placental weight as the indicator. Diabetes Mellitus pregestational therapy is insulin, however, it often causes complications. Oral hyperglycemic drugs with ginger dose extract of 500mg/kgBW significantly decreased serum glucose levels in diabetic-induced rats. Ginger extract is expected to decrease blood glucose levels so as to increase the weight of placenta. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of insulin and ginger extract on the weight of placenta Rattus norvegicus model of diabetes mellitus. This research is an experimental research using post test only control group design. The population used in this study was pregnant Rattus norvegicus with simple random sampling. The independent variables are insulin and ginger extract and the dependent variable is the weight of placenta. Data analysis for placental weight using Kruskal Wallis was continued by Post Hoc Bonferroni test. Test results for placental weight p>α (0.63 > 0.05) mean that there is no difference in placental weight between negative control, positive control, and treatment group. The conclusion of this study is there is no significant difference between groups, however, based on mean data the weight of placenta Rattus norvegicus model of diabetes mellitus with insulin and ginger extract therapy are higher than the control grou

Weighted and unweighted network of amino acids within protein

The information regarding the structure of a single protein is encoded in the network of interacting amino acids. Considering each protein as a weighted and unweighted network of amino acids we have analyzed a total of forty nine protein structures that covers the three branches of life on earth. Our results show that the probability degree distribution of network connectivity follows Poisson's distribution; whereas the probability strength distribution does not follow any known distribution. However, the average strength of amino acid node depends on its degree (k). For some of the proteins, the strength of a node increases linearly with k. On the other hand, for a set of other proteins, although the strength increases linaerly with k for smaller values of k, we have not obtained any clear functional relationship of strength with degree at higher values of k. The results also show that the weight of the amino acid nodes belonging to the highly connected nodes tend to have a higher value. The result that the average clustering coefficient of weighted network is less than that of unweighted network implies that the topological clustering is generated by edges with low weights. The ratio of average clustering coefficients of protein network to that of the corresponding classical random network varies linearly with the number (N) of amino acids of a protein; whereas the ratio of characteristic path lengths varies logarithmically with N. The power law behaviour of clustering coefficients of weighted and unweighted network as a function of degree k indicates that the network has a signature of hierarchical network. It has also been observed that the network is of assortative type

Tissue Heart Valve Replacement at BSMMU- Initial Experience with Two Cases

Research on prosthesis to replace diseased heart valves began almost simultaneously with mechanical valves which aredurable but with inherent thromboembolic complication requiring life-long anticoagulant therapy and tissue valves whichare more prone to structural failure but free from thromboembolic complication. Tissue valves are more useful in females ofreproductive age desiring a child, male patients older than 60 years of age and female patients over 55 years of age, patientshaving chronic liver disease, history of stroke, bleeding disorder and in presence of infective endocarditis. Gluteraldehydefixation at low pressure with removal of maximal amount of phospholipid have increased the durability of tissue valves inrecent years. Considering the better quality of life with tissue valve the trend is shifting towards using it more frequentlyaround the world. Recently two heart valve replacement operations using bovine perimount pericardial valve were done inthe department of cardiac surgery, BSMMU, one in aortic position another in mitral position, both in females of reproductiveage desiring children.The operations were technically demanding but the outcomes were uneventful. Tissue heart valvereplacement is a safe procedure and can be useful in female of child bearing age desiring children.Key Words: Tissue heart valve replacement; Aortic valve; Mitral valve; Bioprosthetic heart valves; Bovine perimountpericardial valve.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i1.5511BSMMU J 2010; 3(1): 27-3

Hydrophobic, hydrophilic and charged amino acids' networks within Protein

The native three dimensional structure of a single protein is determined by the physico chemical nature of its constituent amino acids. The twenty different types of amino acids, depending on their physico chemical properties, can be grouped into three major classes - hydrophobic, hydrophilic and charged. We have studied the anatomy of the weighted and unweighted networks of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and charged residues separately for a large number of proteins. Our results show that the average degree of the hydrophobic networks has significantly larger value than that of hydrophilic and charged networks. The average degree of the hydrophilic networks is slightly higher than that of charged networks. The average strength of the nodes of hydrophobic networks is nearly equal to that of the charged network; whereas that of hydrophilic networks has smaller value than that of hydrophobic and charged networks. The average strength for each of the three types of networks varies with its degree. The average strength of a node in charged networks increases more sharply than that of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic networks. Each of the three types of networks exhibits the 'small-world' property. Our results further indicate that the all amino acids' networks and hydrophobic networks are of assortative type. While maximum of the hydrophilic and charged networks are of assortative type, few others have the characteristics of disassortative mixing of the nodes. We have further observed that all amino acids' networks and hydrophobic networks bear the signature of hierarchy; whereas the hydrophilic and charged networks do not have any hierarchical signature.Comment: Corresponding author: Sudip Kund

Effect of green tea on serum cholesterol level in cholesterol fed rabbits

Background: Since the development of atherosclerosis involves dyslipidemia, we postulated that green tea may exert lowering of serum cholesterol levels. Objectives: To investigate the effects of green tea on serum cholesterol level. Methods: Total 45 rabbits (15 were fed on 1% cholesterol and green tea for 16 weeks, another 15 were fed on 1% cholesterol and plain water for 16 weeks, last batch of 15 rabbits received normal rabbit diet for 16 weeks) in the department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from April 2011 to September 2012.They were evaluated for lipid profile and presence of atherosclerosis. Results: The mean total cholesterol in cholesterol fed rabbits with green tea after 16 weeks was 21.06 ± 5.55, LDL-C was 20.80 ± 6.16, Serum TG was 153.67 ± 33.59, HDL-C neither increased nor decreased. The mean total cholesterol in cholesterol fed rabbits with plain water after 16 weeks was 27 .53 ± 5.15, LDL-C was 32.40 ± 8.24 and TG was 290.13 ± 44.31, no effect were seen on HDL-C. These rabbits were fed on green tea for 8 weeks, cholesterol levels returned to levels at commencement of experiment. Rabbits fed on normal rabbit diet for 16 weeks had TC l9.20 ± 4.85, LDL-C was 19.20 ± 2.04 and TG was 155.06 ± 32.03 mg/dl. HDL-C remained in normal range. But there was no atheroschlerotic change in any group. Conclusion: Green tea significantly reduces serum cholesterol levels in cholesterol fed rabbits. There was no effect of green tea on HDL-C in any group

From Network Structure to Dynamics and Back Again: Relating dynamical stability and connection topology in biological complex systems

The recent discovery of universal principles underlying many complex networks occurring across a wide range of length scales in the biological world has spurred physicists in trying to understand such features using techniques from statistical physics and non-linear dynamics. In this paper, we look at a few examples of biological networks to see how similar questions can come up in very different contexts. We review some of our recent work that looks at how network structure (e.g., its connection topology) can dictate the nature of its dynamics, and conversely, how dynamical considerations constrain the network structure. We also see how networks occurring in nature can evolve to modular configurations as a result of simultaneously trying to satisfy multiple structural and dynamical constraints. The resulting optimal networks possess hubs and have heterogeneous degree distribution similar to those seen in biological systems.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Proceedings of "Dynamics On and Of Complex Networks", ECSS'07 Satellite Workshop, Dresden, Oct 1-5, 200

Growth, Fatty Acid, and Lipid Composition of Marine Microalgae Skeletonema costatum

Among the various potential sources of renewable energy, biofuels are of most interest. Marine microalgae are the most promising oil sources for making biofuels, which can grow very rapidly and convert solar energy to chemical energy via CO2 fixation. The fatty acid profile of almost all the microalgal oil is suitable for the synthesis of biofuel. In this research, fatty acid and lipid contents of Bangladeshi strains of marine microalgae Skeletonema costatum were performed. For this, the crude oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method, using three most common solvent systems, pure hexane and mixture of CHCl3 : MeOH (2 : 1) and hexane : EtOH (3 : 1) one by one. Highest oil recovery (15.37%) came from CHCl3 : MeOH (2 : 1) solvent system from dry biomass whereas the lowest (2.49%) came from n-hexane from wet biomass. The qualitative analysis of the extracted oil by GC/MS analysis revealed that it contained significant amount of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and palmitoleic acid (C16:1). It also indicated presence of hexadecatrienoic acid, benzenedicarboxylic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (C19H36O2), and so forth. The obtained fatty acid profile indicates high potentiality of S. costatum species to be used as promising biofuel feedstock a little improvisation and substantially it can replace diesel in near future

Static and dynamic characteristics of protein contact networks

The principles underlying protein folding remains one of Nature's puzzles with important practical consequences for Life. An approach that has gathered momentum since the late 1990's, looks at protein hetero-polymers and their folding process through the lens of complex network analysis. Consequently, there is now a body of empirical studies describing topological characteristics of protein macro-molecules through their contact networks and linking these topological characteristics to protein folding. The present paper is primarily a review of this rich area. But it delves deeper into certain aspects by emphasizing short-range and long-range links, and suggests unconventional places where "power-laws" may be lurking within protein contact networks. Further, it considers the dynamical view of protein contact networks. This closer scrutiny of protein contact networks raises new questions for further research, and identifies new regularities which may be useful to parameterize a network approach to protein folding. Preliminary experiments with such a model confirm that the regularities we identified cannot be easily reproduced through random effects. Indeed, the grand challenge of protein folding is to elucidate the process(es) which not only generates the specific and diverse linkage patterns of protein contact networks, but also reproduces the dynamic behavior of proteins as they fold. Keywords: network analysis, protein contact networks, protein foldingComment: Added Appendix

The Steroid Hormone Profile in Etawah Crossbreed Goat While Ovulation Induced using The Selectsynch Method

This study aimed to provide alternative information and solutions in an effort to increase reproductive productivity in etawah crossbreed goats (PE). The sample used in this study was 10 female PE with an average age of 2.5 - 3 years and primiparous at least . Ovulation induction was performed using 0.1 mg intra-muscular Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), after seven days injection of Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was given as much as 2.5 mg submucosa of the vulva, followed by a second injection of GnRH as much as 0,2 mg intramuscular in samples that have really experienced heat and selected selectively according to the signs of natural heat shown by the sample and followed by insemination as much as 2 doses or 0.50 ml of frozen semen. Blood sampling was performed at H0, H7th, H14th and H21th after insemination. All blood samples were collected and progesterone and estrogen hormone profiles were examined using the ELISA method. From the results of the ELISA test, the mean progesterone hormone profile H0 = 4.798 ng / ml, H7th = 4.887 ng / ml, H14th = 4.824 ng / ml, H21th = 5.148 ng / ml. The profile of the hormone estrogen at H0 = 19,461 pg / ml, H7th = 17,457 pg / ml, H14th = 18,248 pg / ml, H21th = 17,515 pg / ml. This study showed an increase in the levels of the progesterone hormone at H0 to H7th, then slightly decreased in H14th and a significant increase in H21th. For the estrogen hormone, there is a decrease from H0 to H7th then there is a slight increase in H14th and decreases again in H21th