2,089 research outputs found
Comparison of intratumor and intraluminal temperatures during locoregional deep hyperthermia of pelvic tumors
Purpose: To investigate whether intraluminal thermometry provides sufficient information to apply high quality deep hyperthermia in pelvic tumors. Patients and Methods: The intratumor and intraluminal temperatures of 48 patients were analyzed per cancer type: rectum (21 male, 14 female), cervix (n = 8), and bladder (n = 5). Temperature-dose parameters were calculated, temperature curves within each treatment session were compared, and correlation between intratumor and intraluminal temperatures was analyzed. Results: Intratumor and intraluminal temperatures at the same time points during individual treatments were highly correlated (mean correlation coefficient: 0.93). However, the quantitative level differed from 0.1 to 1.1 degrees C and the differences of the timetemperature graphs varied per tumor group. Average intratumor and intraluminal temperatures were not different in the four groups. Intratumor thermometry was found not superior over intraluminal thermometry to improve tumor temperature level and homogeneity by SAR steering. Conclusion: Intraluminal thermometry provides sufficient information to apply deep hyperthermia to individual patients with centrally located rectum, cervix or bladder cancer
Chemical Abundances of Seven Irregular and Three Tidal Dwarf Galaxies in the M81 Group
We have derived nebular abundances for 10 dwarf galaxies belonging to the M81
Group, including several galaxies which do not have abundances previously
reported in the literature. For each galaxy, multiple H \ii regions were
observed with GMOS-N at the Gemini Observatory in order to determine abundances
of several elements (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, neon, and argon). For seven
galaxies, at least one H \ii region had a detection of the temperature
sensitive [OIII] 4363 line, allowing a "direct" determination of the
oxygen abundance. No abundance gradients were detected in the targeted galaxies
and the observed oxygen abundances are typically in agreement with the well
known metallicity-luminosity relation. However, three candidate "tidal dwarf"
galaxies lie well off this relation, UGC 5336, Garland, and KDG 61. The nature
of these systems suggests that UGC 5336 and Garland are indeed recently formed
systems, whereas KDG 61 is most likely a dwarf spheroidal galaxy which lies
along the same line of sight as the M81 tidal debris field. We propose that
these H \ii regions formed from previously enriched gas which was stripped from
nearby massive galaxies (e.g., NGC 3077 and M81) during a recent tidal
interaction.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. Slit positions
in Table 2 have been update
High beverage sugar as well as high animal protein intake at infancy may increase overweight risk at 8 years: a prospective longitudinal pilot study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Combined effects of early exposure to beverage sugar and animal protein and later life overweight risk have not been studied.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A prospective longitudinal study was initiated in 2001 with 226 infants between 4 and 13 months of age. Dietary intake was assessed with a 2 day food record. Also information on infant body weight and socio-economic status was obtained at baseline. At 8 year follow-up in 2009, children were surveyed again. Main outcome measure was overweight at 8 years as defined by BMIsds > = +1.0. Also maternal BMI, present dietary intake and physical activity, were obtained by questionnaire and 2-day food record.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At the 8 year follow up, 120 children (53%) were surveyed again. Of those, questionnaires and food records were completed for 63 children, for the other 57 children only weight and height at 8 years was available; 20 out of 120 children (17%) were self-reported overweight at 8 years of age. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI) for overweight at 8 years were 1.10 (1.02, 1.18) for beverage sugar intake per one percent of energy intake and 4.06 (1.50, 11.00) for the highest tertile of animal protein intake at infancy compared to the lowest two tertiles. After adjustment for sex, age, infant weight, breastfed at intake assessment, and socio-economic status, odds ratios were 1.13 (1.03, 1.24) for beverage sugar, and 9.67 (2.56, 36.53) for highest tertile of animal protein intake. In the subgroup with completed questionnaire (n = 63) ORs were also adjusted for current maternal overweight, more than 2 months full breastfeeding, physical activity, and energy intake, but ORs remained significantly associated with overweight at 8 years.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A high intake of sugar containing beverages as well as animal protein in the first year of life may increase the risk of overweight at 8 years. The results of this pilot investigation should be confirmed in a larger cohort.</p
Warp or lag? The ionized and neutral hydrogen gas in the edge-on dwarf galaxy UGC 1281
The properties of gas in the halos of galaxies constrain global models of the
interstellar medium. Kinematical information is of particular interest since it
is a clue to the origin of the gas. Until now mostly massive galaxies have been
investigated for their halo properties. Here we report on deep HI and H{\alpha}
observations of the edge-on dwarf galaxy UGC 1281 in order to determine the
existence of extra-planar gas and the kinematics of this galaxy. This is the
first time a dwarf galaxy is investigated for its gaseous halo characteristics.
We have obtained H{\alpha} integral field spectroscopy using PPAK at Calar Alto
and deep HI observations with the WSRT of this edge-on dwarf galaxy. These
observations are compared to 3D models in order to determine the distribution
of HI in the galaxy. We find that UGC 1281 has H{\alpha} emission up to 25"(655
pc) in projection above the plane and in general a low H{\alpha} flux. Compared
to other dwarf galaxies UGC 1281 is a normal dwarf galaxy with a slowly rising
rotation curve that flattens off at 60 km/s and a central depression in its HI
distribution. Its HI extends 70" (1.8 kpc) in projection from the plane. This
gas can be explained by either a warp partially in the line-of-sight warp or a
purely edge-on warp with rotational velocities that decline with a vertical
gradient of 10.6 \pm 3.7 km/s/kpc. The line-of-sight warp model is the
preferred model as it is conceptually simpler. In either model the warp starts
well within the optical radius.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 16 pages, 14 figure
Glutathione S-transferase activity and isoenzyme composition in benign ovarian tumours, untreated malignant ovarian tumours, and malignant ovarian tumours after platinum/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzyme composition, isoenzyme quantities and enzymatic activity were investigated in benign (n = 4) ovarian tumours and malignant ovarian tumours, before (n = 20) and after (n = 16) chemotherapy. Enzymatic activity of GST in cytosols was measured by determining 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene conjugation with glutathione, cytosolic GST subunits were determined by wide pore reversed phase HPLC, using a S-hexylglutathione-agarose affinity column, and isoelectric focussing. Both GST activity and GST pi amount were not related to histopathologic type, differentiation grade, or tumour volume index in untreated malignant tumours. GST isoenzyme patterns were identical in benign tumours and malignant tumours before and after platinum/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, while GST pi was the predominant transferase. Mean GST activity and GST pi amount were decreased (P < 0.05) in malignant ovarian tumours after platinum/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy compared to untreated ovarian malignant tumours. No relation was found in untreated ovarian tumours between GST pi amount and response to platinum/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Thus, within the limitations of the current study no arguments were found for a role of GST in in vivo drug resistance of malignant ovarian tumours to platinum/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy
Universal Electroluminescence at Voltages below the Energy Gap in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Гарантоздатність як фундаментальний узагальнюючий та інтегруючий підхід
Представлені головні принципи та умови становлення і етапи розвитку фундаментальної теорії і практики узагальнюючих та інтегруючих концепцій гарантоздатності, починаючи з першої об’єднаної конференції двох наукових шкіл Дж. фон Неймана і Н. Вінера. Приведені основні положення розвитку теоретичних засад і результатів прикладних досліджень інтеграційних процесів безвідмовності (надійності), відмовостійкості та гарантоздатності інформаційно-управляючих комп’ютерних систем (ІУКС).Представлены главные принципы, условия становления и этапы развития фундаментальной теории и практики обобщающих и интегрирующих концепций гарантоспособности, начиная с первой объединённой конференции двух научных школ Дж. фон Неймана и Н. Винера. Приведены основные положения развития теоретических основ и результатов прикладных исследований интеграционных процессов безотказности (надёжности), отказоустойчивости и гарантоспособности информационно-управляющих компьютерных систем (ИУКС).The main principles and conditions of formation and stages of development of the fundamental theory and practice of the generalizing and integrating concepts of dependability were presented after the leadthrough the first joint conference of two scientific schools of J. von Neumann and N. Wiener. The basic aspects of development of theoretical principles and results of applied researches of integration processes of reliability (fail-safety)
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