Ryszard Kapuściński - investigativer Journalist und literarischer Reporter

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Ryszard Kapuściński und den journalistischen Qualitäten seiner Werke. Ausgehend von einer theoretischen Abhandlung über verwandte Darstellungsformen soll die schwierige Frage der Qualitätsbestimmung grenzüberschreitender Genres näher beleuchtet werden. Dazu werden typische Merkmale und Gestaltungselemente von traditionellen Erscheinungsformen wie der Reportage, der literarischen Reportage, dem „New Journalism“ oder des „Investigativen Journalismus“ beschrieben. Im weiteren Verlauf beschäftigt sich die Untersuchung mit den Problematiken dieser Genre-Grenzen und möglichen Überschneidungen. Das Verhältnis von Journalismus und Literatur wird ebenso thematisiert wie damit verbundene Probleme bei der Qualitätsbestimmung journalistischer Verfahrensweisen. Auf Basis dieser allgemeinen Grundlegungen wird immer wieder Bezug auf den Schreibstil von Ryszard Kapuściński genommen. Mithilfe tradierter Normen, bekannter Phänomene und möglicher Perspektiven der Qualitätsforschung soll versucht werden, Besonderheiten und Charakteristika im Schaffen des Polen ausfindig zu machen. Die empirische Forschung versucht im Anschluss an die theoretische Darlegung des bisherigen Forschungsstandes, offene Fragen zu klären und den Bogen zur aktuellen Reportage-Situation zu spannen. Mittels Experteninterviews und nachfolgender Inhaltsanalyse wurden Daten erhoben und ausgewertet, die neue Forschungsresultate im Hinblick auf Genre-Grenzen im Allgemeinen sowie historische Bezüge einzelner Darstellungsformen aufzeigen. Hier erwies sich ganz klar, dass Qualitätskriterien nach allgemeingültigen Standards beurteilt wird und kaum auf einzelne Genres zu reduzieren ist. Die besonderen journalistischen Leistungen Ryszard Kapuścińskis liegen den Ergebnissen zufolge vor allem in der Einzigartigkeit von Beobachtung und Sprache. Zudem wurde die Aufhebung rigider Grenzen und Darstellungsnormen von den Experten verstärkt begrüßt, eine tendenzielle Forderung, die sich bereits in den jüngsten Theorien der Disziplin abzeichnete

A comparison between left ventricular ejection time measurement methods during physiological changes induced by simulated microgravity

New findings: What is the central question of this study? First, we validated easy-to-use oscillometric left ventricular ejection time (LVET) against echocardiographic LVET. Second, we investigated progression of left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), pre-ejection period index (PEPI), total electromechanical systole index (QS2I) and PEP/LVET ratio during 60 days of head-down tilt (HDT). What is the main finding and its importance? The LVETosci and LVETecho showed good agreement in effect direction. Hence, LVETosci might be useful to evaluate cardiovascular responses during space flight. Moreover, the approach might be useful for individual follow-up of patients with altered ejection times. Furthermore, significant effects of 60 days of HDT were captured by measurements of LVETI, PEPI, QS2I and PEP/LVET ratio. Abstract: Systolic time intervals that are easy to detect might be used as parameters reflecting cardiovascular deconditioning. We compared left ventricular ejection time (LVET) measured via ultrasound Doppler on the left ventricular outflow tract with oscillometrically measured LVET, measured at the brachialis. Furthermore, we assessed the progression of the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI), the pre-ejection period index (PEPI), the Weissler index (PEP/LVET) and the total electromechanical systole index (QS2I) during prolonged strict head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest, including 16 male and eight female subjects. Simultaneous oscillometric and echocardiographic LVET measurements showed significant correlation (r = 0.53 with P = 0.0084 before bed rest and r = 0.73 with P < 0.05 on the last day of bed rest). The shortening of LVET during HDT bed rest measured with both approaches was highly concordant in their effect direction, with a concordance rate of 0.96. Our results also demonstrated a significant decrease of LVETI (P < 0.0001) and QS2I (P = 0.0992) and a prolongation of PEPI (P = 0.0049) and PEP/LVET (P = 0.0003) during HDT bed rest over 60 days. Four days after bed rest, LVETI recovered completely to its baseline value. Owing to the relationship between shortening of LVETI and heart failure progression, the easy-to-use oscillometric method might not only be a useful way to evaluate the cardiovascular system during space flights, but could also be of high value in a clinical setting

Laboratories, laws, and the career of a commodity

Unlike most foods, milk is produced fresh at least twice every day, thus recreating, over 700 times a year, a commodity ‘designed’ by the combination of nature, commerce, and law. The paper is a study of the ontogenesis of this commodity in Britain since 1800, stressing the emergence of two new objectivities: dairy science and the law on adulteration. In the words of Christopher Hamlin, what mattered was the “manufacture of certainty, however flimsy that certainty might later be shown to be.'' This was achieved by the collection of samples, the generation of facts by the deployment of the laboratory technologies of physics and chemistry, and a semimonopoly over the truth-power of dairy science that was gradually built up by the large commercial companies. A foundation of state-sponsored regulation provided an official legitimation of compositional standards that suited the interests of capital but ignored ‘natural’ variations in quality and often pilloried innocent producers. The public eventually became accustomed to the regulated quality of the milk in its ‘pinta’ and assumed it to be natural. Even the standardization of composition since 1993 has caused very little disquiet among the consuming public, although milk is now a fully constructed commodity like any other dairy product. Mechanical modernity has at last triumphed over a century of ‘milk as it came from the cow’

Development of the mobile and web application Locator

Cilj diplomske naloge je izdelava Android aplikacije Locator, ki staršem ali skrbnikom omogoča lažji nadzor nad otroki. Aplikacija je sestavljena iz dveh delov. Iz primarne aplikacije, ki se izvaja v ozadju na otrokovem telefonu ter intervalno pošilja otrokovo lokacijo na strežnik ali na mobilni telefon preko sporočila SMS. Primarno aplikacijo upravljamo s pomočjo ukazov SMS, da pa si vseh ukazov ni potrebno zapomniti, nam pomaga uporabniška aplikacija, ki služi kot uporabniški vmesnik in s pomočjo katere upravljamo aplikacijo. Ogled lokacij, ki so bile poslane na strežnik, je mogoč v uporabniški ali spletni aplikaciji.The aim of this thesis is to create Android application Locator that allows parents or guardians to easily control their children. The application is made of two parts. From the primary application running in background on the child\u27s phone and intermittently sending the child\u27s location to the server or to the mobile phone via SMS. The primary application is managed by SMS commands. The secondary application serves as user interface through which we control the primary application. Secondary application is used to view the locations that were sent to the server

DONATIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF CHARITY EVENTS

Namen diplomske naloge je bil predstaviti donatorstvo in organiziranje dobrodelne prireditve za nepridobitno organizacijo. V drugem delu smo predstavili donatorstvo in družbeno odgovornost podjetij ter prikazali, kako je s tem v Sloveniji. V tretjem delu smo opredelili in proučili neprofitne organizacije in vire njihovega financiranja. V četrtem delu pa je predstavljen praktičen primer načrtovanja in organizacije dobrodelne prireditve. Opisali smo koncept prireditve, scenarij, katera dovoljenja potrebujemo, koliko sredstev bomo porabili, iskanje sponzorjev, oglaševanje. Diplomsko delo je pregled vseh potrebnih dejavnosti, da lahko prireditev izpeljemo dobro in brez zapletov. Donatorstvo za podjetje predstavlja možnost izkazovanja solidarnosti in poudarjanje družbeno odgovornega poslovanja. Poleg tega podjetje ni z ničemer zavezano, da s tem neprekinjeno nadaljuje. Donatorstvo je za neprofitno organizacijo zelo pomemben vir, vendar se nanj nikoli ne morejo zanesti, da bo trajalo dlje časa. Pri donatorstvu je pomembno, da so motivi zanj pravi. Pravi v smislu namena doniranjatorej s strani podjetja. Veliko podjetij želi vplivati na nevladno organizacijo in posredovana sredstvadonirati je potrebno brez vsakršnih pogojevanj. Prejemnik pa mora sredstva porabiti izključno za namen, za katerega so bila pridobljena. V primeru organizacije dobrodelne prireditve so donirana sredstva v materialni ali nematerialni obliki zelo pomembna in ključ do uspešnega namena in zaključka. Ko zaključiš dobrodelni projekt, še posebej, če je namenjen otrokom, ko v njihovih očeh vidiš upanje in nasmeh na obrazih, je poplačan ves trud.In this diploma paper we have presented donations and organization of charity events for a non-profit organization. In the second part we present the donations and corporate social responsibility of companies in general and in Slovenia. In the third part, we identified and studied non-profit organizations and their financial sources. The fourth part shows a case of planning and organizing charity events. We describe the concept of the event, the script, the permits we need, how much money we can spend, finding sponsors, advertising. This diploma paper gives an overview of all activities required to be able to carry out the events well and without complications. Donations from the company show solidarity and emphasize socially responsible business. In addition, the company has not committed to anything permanent. Every donation for a non-profit organization is an important source, but it can never be relied upon to last for a long time. For donations it is important that the motives and the purposes are the right ones by the company. Many companies would like to influence on a non-governmental organization and forward fundsevery donation has to be made without any strings attached. All the donated funds must be used exclusively for the purpose for which they were obtained. In the case of a charity event donated funds in the material or the non-material form are very important and a key to the successful completion and purpose. When you complete a charity project, especially if it is aimed for children, when you see in their eyes hope and a smile on the faces, all the effort is worth making and no hard work is in vain

Development of web application with Grails framework

Diplomsko delo opisuje okvir Grails. Predstavljene so glavne lastnosti okvirja in njegovi najbolj pomembni gradniki. V nadaljevanju predstavljamo programski jezik Groovy, ki je privzet programski jezik za okvir Grails, ter opisujemo glavne tehnologije, ki jih uporablja okvir za svoje delovanje. Na koncu diplomskega dela predstavljamo uporabo okvirja v praksi.Thesis described framework Grails. It presented main properties of framework and most important components of framework. Below we present programming language Groovy which is default programming language for Grails framewok and then we describe main technologies that are used for framework workflow. At the end of thesis we present usage of framework in real project

MOBILE APPLICATION FOR DAILY OFFERS

Izdelali smo aplikacijo, ki omogoča prejemanje obvestil o novih ponudbah za pametne telefone. Pri tem spremljanje ponudb opravlja strežnik, medtem ko odjemalec, v našem primeru mobilni telefon z operacijskim sistemom Android, omogoča pregled trenutnih ponudb. Pomembnejši del sistema predstavlja še možnost, da se uporabnik naroči na ponudbe, o katerih želi biti obveščen. Naloga strežnika je, da spremlja dodajanje novih ponudb in o tem sproti obvešča odjemalce, ki so na te ponudbe naročeni. Za potrebo strežnika smo proučili Microsoft WCF. Za komunikacijo med odjemalcem in strežnikom smo uporabili Google GCM, ki omogoča obveščanje naprav, katere temeljijo na operacijskem sistemu Android. Za samo komunikacijo med strežnikom in odjemalcem, smo uporabili json format (Java-script object notation), ki je namenjen serializaciji objektov.We created an application, that enabels us to receive notifications of new offers on mobile phone. Monitoring of new offers is done with an application on our server side. Client application, that runs on Android OS, allows us to view active offers. Users have the possibility to subscribe for specific offers. When new offer arrives, server notifys all subscribed users. For server requirements we used WFC (Windows Communication Foundation) service. Also we used Google service GCM (Google cloude messeging), that enables us to send notifications to Android devices. For server-client communication we used Json format (Java-script object notation), that is used for serialization of objects

Ahydroelectric power plant as a complementary activity on a farm

Na gorsko višinski kmetiji Gosak imamo malo hidroelektrarno, ki je dopolnilna dejavnost in je registrirana kot proizvodnja in prodaja energije iz vodnega vira. Dopolnilna dejavnost v našem primeru pozitivno vpliva na ekonomsko stanje kmetije. Turbina je bila dotrajana in zastarela. Zaradi dobrih razmer na trgu, in ker je tehnika in tehnologija napredovala, smo se odločili, da gremo v korak s časom, elektrarno posodobimo ter postavimo na novo. Sodobna tehnologija in novejši materiali so omogočili, da smo lahko povečali tudi proizvodno moč. V diplomskem delu so na kratko opisani obnovljivi viri energije v Sloveniji in opisan postopek uvedbe dopolnilne dejavnosti na kmetiji. Predstavljeni so vsi deli male hidroelektrarne in stroški obnove. Pri ekonomskem delu naloge je analizirana ocena investicije. Za ekonomsko analizo je uporabljena metoda kalkulacij skupnih stroškov, za oceno investicije pa Cost Benefit analiza (CBA). Pri finančni analizi imamo ISD 5,5 %. Doba povratka je v 4 letu, pri katerem NSV znaša 7.541,76 €. Računali smo tudi z najvišjo obrestno mero, ki je 7,93 %. V tem primeru je NSV 25,71 €. Ker doba povratka ostane enaka, torej v 4 letu, smo obe v začetku postavljeni hipotezi v delu tudi potrdili.We have a small hydroelectric power plant on the Gosak high-altitude mountain farm, which is a supplementary activity registered as production and sale of energy from a water source. In our case, the complementary activity has a positive effect on the economic condition of the farm. The turbine was dilapidated and obsolete. Due to good conditions on the market, and because technique and technology have advanced, we decided to keep up with the times and modernize and build a new power plant. Modern technology and newer materials made it possible to increase production capacity. The thesis briefly describes renewable energy sources in Slovenia and describes the procedure for introducing complementary activities on the farm. All parts of the small hydroelectric power plant and the costs of renovation are presented. In the economic part of the assignment, an investment assessment is made. The method of calculating total costs is used for the economic analysis, and the Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is used for the assessment of the investment. In the financial analysis, we have an ISD 5,5 %. The return period is in the 4th year, in which the NSV amounts to 7.541,76 €. We also calculated with the highest interest rate, which is 7,93 %. In this case, the NSV is 25,71 €. Since the return period remains the same, i.e. in the 4th years, we also confirmed both hypotheses put forward in the work

Slovenian consumer\u27s attitudes towards buying organic products

Velike spremembe, ki jih je človek povzročil s svojim poseganjem v naravo in ekosistem, ter negativne posledice tovrstnega dejanja so privedle do premišljenega ravnanja z naravo in cenjenja ekoloških izdelkov. V ljudeh sta se prebudili zavest in dolžnost, da naredimo nekaj, dokler je to še mogoče, da obvarujemo naravo in okolje, v katerem živimo. Pojavil se je marketinški trend, ki poudarja številne prednosti ekoloških izdelkov. Trg ekoloških izdelkov doma in po svetu predstavlja hkrati številne priložnosti ter izzive. V magistrskem delu smo se osredotočili na stališča slovenskih odjemalcev do nakupovanja ekoloških izdelkov. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili proces nakupovanja, nakupnega vedenja in odločanja, stališča odjemalcev, ekološka živila, ekološko kmetijstvo, certificiranje ter označevanje ekoloških izdelkov, nadzor nad njimi in dejavnike, ki privedejo do nakupa ekoloških izdelkov. V empiričnem, raziskovalnem delu smo se osredotočili na slovenske odjemalce in nakupovanje ekoloških izdelkov. Osnovni cilj dela je bil raziskati stališča slovenskih odjemalcev do nakupovanja ekoloških izdelkov. Ugotavljali smo, ali obstajajo značilne razlike pri nakupovanju ekoloških izdelkov glede na starost, spol, izobrazbo in območje bivanja, ali so dejavniki, kot so zdravje, prijaznost okolju, varnost in kakovost, povezani z nakupom ekoloških izdelkov, zanimalo nas je tudi, kateri izmed naštetih dejavnikov je tisti, ki v največji meri privede do nakupa ekoloških izdelkov. Na podlagi zbranih podatkov, zastavljenih hipotez in analize smo prišli do naslednjih ugotovitev: glede na starost obstajajo statistično značilne razlike pri nakupovanju ekoloških izdelkov – ekološke izdelke najpogosteje kupujejo odjemalci, stari 61 let ali več, najmanj pogosto pa tisti odjemalci, ki so stari do 30 let. Pri nakupovanju ekoloških izdelkov prav tako obstajajo statistično značilne razlike glede na spol – ekološke izdelke pogosteje kot ženske nakupujejo moški. Pri nakupovanju ekoloških izdelkov opazimo statistično značilne razlike glede na izobrazbo – ekološke izdelke najpogosteje nakupujejo odjemalci s končano osnovno šolo, najredkeje pa odjemalci s končano srednjo šolo. Obstajajo tudi statistično značilne razlike glede na območje bivanja – ekološke izdelke pogosteje nakupujejo odjemalci, ki prebivajo v mestu. Povezava obstaja med pogostostjo nakupovanja ekoloških izdelkov in zaznanimi pozitivnimi vplivi ekoloških izdelkov na zdravje, med pogostostjo nakupovanja ekoloških izdelkov ter zaznano prijaznost okolju ekoloških izdelkov, med pogostostjo nakupovanja ekoloških izdelkov in zaznano varnostjo ekoloških izdelkov, prav tako med pogostostjo nakupovanja ekoloških izdelkov ter zaznano kakovostjo ekoloških izdelkov. Dejavnik, ki v največji meri privede do nakupovanja ekoloških izdelkov, je zdravje.Big changes that the man has caused with his interference in the nature and the eco system, and the negative consequences of such actions have led into nature and natural ecosystems, have led to a more considerate treatment of nature and the respect for organic products. The people have developed a sense of awareness as well as duty to do something while they still can to preserve the nature and environment we live in. A market trend has appeared that emphasizes the multiple benefits of organic products. The market for organic products in Slovenia and across the world, presents many opportunities and challenges at the same time. In this master’s thesis we focused on the viewpoints of the Slovenian consumers stands regarding the purchase of organic products. In the theoretical part, we presented the shopping process, consumer behavior and decision making, consumer viewpoints, organic farming, certification and labelling of organic products, as well as their supervision, and other factors that lead to the purchase of organic products. In the empirical, research part, we focused on the Slovenian consumers and the purchasing of organic products. The elementary goal of this thesis was to research the Slovenian consumer viewpoints when buying organic products. We were researching whether there were significant differences in people\u27s organic products\u27 shopping habits, based on age, gender, education and area of habitation, and also whether other factors such as health, environmental kindness, safety and quality were connected to organic product shopping, as well as which of these factors mainly motivates the purchase of organic products. Based on collected data, set hypotheses and analysis we have reached the following conclusions: there are age-biased statistical differences regarding the purchases of organic products-most commonly organic products are purchased by purchased by people at the age of 61 or more, and least commonly consumers under the age of 30. There are also gender-biased statistical differences regarding organic products\u27 purchases - they are more commonly purchased by women than by men. There are also statistical differences in organic product\u27s purchases based on the person\u27s education - they are most commonly purchased by people who have finished primary school and least commonly by those with concluded high school education. There are also statistically typical differences regarding organic purchases based on the consumer\u27s area of habitation -they are more commonly purchased by people living in cities. There is an existing correlation between the frequency of organic product purchases and perceived positive influences of these organic products on a person\u27s health condition, between the frequency of organic product purchases and perceived positive influences on a person\u27s environmental kindness, an existing correlation between the frequency of organic product purchases and perceived safety of organic products, as well as between the frequency of organic product purchases and perceived quality of organic products. The factor which most commonly contributes to organic product purchases is health