Efectos de la conectividad sobre comunidades de aves forestales de paisajes fragmentados adyacentes

We assessed bird sensitivity to forest fragmentation in two adjacent landscapes in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. One landscape is naturally fragmented and has high connectivity, whereas the other is human-fragmented and has low connectivity. We tested whether the sensitivity of bird species to fragmentation depends more on the intrinsic characteristics of the birds than on landscape connectivity. Point counts were used to sample small and large forest remnants in each landscape. The abundance of each species in these remnants was used as a proxy for sensitivity. To test whether the two landscapes differ in connectivity, we compared the following landscape metrics: landscape shape index (LSI), proximity index (PROX) and connectance index (CONNECT). We analysed the sensitivity of 85 species, 51 of which occurred exclusively in one of the two landscapes. In the landscape with low connectivity we recorded a large number of sensitive species. Among the 34 species that occurred in both landscapes, 24 species (18 non-sensitive and six sensitive) had the same sensitivity. Landscape connectivity seems to be more significant when we focus on the bird communities as a whole. However, when we focus on the same bird species in different landscapes, intrinsic characteristics of species seem to affect their sensitivity to fragmentation more than does landscape connectivity, especially for bird species with lower sensitivity. Therefore, our results show that increasing landscape connectivity may not be the best tool for bird conservation in naturally fragmented landscapes. Nevertheless, it will be important to test further whether forest bird species are more sensitive to environmental degradation in naturally fragmented landscapes than in human-fragmented landscapes.En el presente estudio analizamos la sensibilidad de las aves a la fragmentación del bosque en dos paisajes contiguos de la Mata Atlántica del sur de Brasil. Uno de los paisajes está fragmentado de manera natural y presenta alta conectividad, mientras que en el otro la fragmentación es de origen antrópico y tiene baja conectividad. Evaluamos si la sensibilidad de las especies a la fragmentación depende más de sus características intrínsecas que de la conectividad del paisaje. Usamos puntos de conteo para estimar la abundancia de aves en fragmentos grandes y pequeños en cada paisaje, como un indicador de su sensibilidad a la fragmentación. Para testar si los dos paisajes difieren en conectividad calculamos las siguientes métricas del paisaje: índice de forma del paisaje (LSE), índice de proximidad (PROX) e índice de conectividad (CONNECT). Evaluamos la sensibilidad de 85 especies, de las cuales 51 ocurrieron solamente en uno de los dos paisajes. En el paisaje con baja conectividad registramos un mayor número de especies sensibles. Entre las 34 especies detectadas en los dos paisajes, 24 (18 no sensibles y 6 sensibles) mostraron la misma sensibilidad. Cuando consideramos la comunidad de aves en su conjunto la conectividad del paisaje resulta más relevante, sin embargo, al analizar la misma especie en diferentes paisajes, las características intrínsecas de la especie parecen afectar más su sensibilidad a la fragmentación que la conectividad del paisaje, especialmente en el caso de aves con baja sensibilidad. Nuestros resultados muestran que aumentar la conectividad del paisaje puede no ser la mejor herramienta para la conservación de las aves en paisajes fragmentados de manera natural. No obstante, sería importante estudiar si las aves forestales son más sensibles a la degradación ambiental en paisajes fragmentados naturalmente que en los fragmentados por la actividad humana.The CNPq (Brazilian Research Council) gave us financial support through the Mata Atlântica Program. E. V. Lopes received a PhD scholarship from CNPq during the present study and a sandwich scholarship for a four-month research stay at the Universidad de Alicante in Spain (processes 140353/2006-2 and 202232/2007-7, respectively). L. B. Mendonça received a PhD scholarship from CNPq (process 140317/2006-6). L. dos Anjos received a CNPq research productivity fellowship level 1D (process 305593-2007-2)

Duplikacija stražnje šuplje vene i bubrežnih vena u brazilske kratkodlake mačke - prikaz slučaja

The caudal vena cava in carnivores is the blood drainage pathway, originating from the pelvis and pelvic limbs, and entering the right atrium. Caudal vena cava duplication has rarely been reported in small animals. This report aims to describe a case of duplicity of the caudal vena cava and renal vein variation in a female feline corpse of a Brazilian shorthaired cat approximately 3 years of age, with the focus on the possible clinical and surgical implications of this anatomical variation. It was subsequently preserved in 10% formalin, and its vascular system was injected with colored S-65 Petrolatex. During the dissection of the abdominal region, the presence of a double caudal vena cava and two renal veins in both kidneys was observed. While uncommon in cats, caudal vena cava duplication should be differentiated from other vascular anomalies when planning surgeries and to avoid misdiagnoses.U mesojeda stražnja šuplja vena odvodi krv iz zdjelice i stražnjih udova u lijevu pretklijetku. Duplikacija stražnje šuplje vene u malih je životinja rijetko opisivana. Cilj ovoga rada jest prikazati duplikaciju stražnje šuplje vene i varijacije bubrežne vene u brazilske kratkodlake mačke, ženke dobi oko tri godine, s naglaskom na njihove moguće kliničke i kirurške značajke. Lešina je pohranjena u 10 %-postotnom formalinu, a u krvožilni je sustav injektiran obojeni S-65 Petrolatex. Tijekom otvaranja trbušne šupljine uočene su dvostruke stražnje šuplje vene i dvije bubrežne vene u oba bubrega. Budući da se dvostruka stražnja šuplja vena rijetko nalazi u mačaka, u planiranju kirurških zahvata treba je razlikovati od drugih krvožilnih anomalija kako bi se izbjegla pogrešna dijagnoza

Identificação e descrição de classes etnopedológicas de terras e atributos com agricultores familiares de Antonina e Morretes – PR

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e descrever os conhecimentos etnopedológicos relacionados à classificação de terras agrícolas com agricultores familiares dos municípios de Antonina e Morretes - PR. A seleção do grupo informante ocorreu conforme a disponibilidade dos indivíduos em participar da pesquisa, sendo entrevistados 20 agricultores familiares, juntamente com seu grupo familiar. O conhecimento etnopedológico dos agricultores foi identificado e descrito através de diagnóstico participativo que consistiu em quatro etapas: 1) entrevistas narrativas; 2) elaboração de mapas participativos; 3) caminhadas na propriedade rural; 4) reunião geral. Os resultados mostraram que os agricultores reconhecem e classificam os diferentes tipos de terras existentes nas unidades de exploração agrícola locais, sendo identificadas e descritas quatro classes: 1) “Terra de Morro”, 2) “Sabão de Caboclo”, 3) “Terra Argilosa” e 4) “Terra de Desmonte”. Os atributos empregados para a classificação das terras mencionadas seguiram a sequência: posição na paisagem, textura, cor, drenagem, fertilidade e conteúdo de matéria orgânica. O sistema de classificação dos agricultores entrevistados possibilita identificar e descrever de forma objetiva as terras, utilizando atributos e relacionando-os com aspectos cognoscíveis, como aptidão agrícola e manejo do solo

Physiology Responses and Players' Stay on the Court During a Futsal Match: A Case Study With Professional Players

Physiological responses in futsal have not been studied together with temporal information about the players' stay on the court. The aim of this study was to compare heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration ([La-]) responses between 1-H and 2-H considering the time of permanency of the players on the court at each substitution in a futsal match. HR was recorded during entire match and [La-] was analyzed after each substitution of seven players. %HRmean (89.61 ± 2.31 vs. 88.03 ± 4.98 %HRmax) and [La-] mean (8.46 ± 3.01 vs. 8.17 ± 2.91 mmol·L-1) did not differ between 1-H and 2-H (ES, trivial-small). Time in intensity zones of 50-100 %HRmax differed only in 60-70 %HRmax (ES, moderate). HR coefficient of variation throughout the match was low (7%) and among the four outfield players on the court (quartets, 5%). Substitutions (2 player's participation in each half), time of permanence on the court (7.15 ± 2.39 vs. 9.49 ± 3.80 min), ratio between time in- and out-ratio on the court (In:Outcourt = 1:1.30 ± 1:0.48 vs. 1:1.05 ± 1:0.55 min) also were similar between 1-H and 2-H (ES, moderate and small, respectively). Balancing the number of substitutions, and the In:Outcourt ratio of players in both halves of the match, playing lower time at 1-H, ~8 min for each participation in the match, made it possible to maintain intensity of the match in 2-H similar to the 1H. These results are a good guidance to coaches and for application in future studies

The Brazilian Registry of Adult Patient Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery, the BYPASS Project: Results of the First 1,722 Patients

Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systemsand 7.3% from private (out-of-pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Caridade Sao Vicente Paulo, Jundiai, SP, BrazilInst Med Integral Prof Fernando Figueira IMIP, Recife, PE, BrazilHosp Base FUNFARME & FAMERP, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIMC, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIrmandade Santa Casa Sao Paulo INCT HPV, Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFundacao Univ Cardiol, Inst Cardiol Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Coracao Natal, Natal, RN, BrazilInst Cardiol Dist Fed, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao HU UFMA, Univ Hosp, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilHosp Evangelico, Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, ES, BrazilHosp Coracao Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, BrazilHosp Nossa Senhora Salete, Inst Cirurgia Cardiovasc ICCV, Cascavel, PR, BrazilHosp Wilson Rosado, Mossoro, RN, BrazilHosp Bosque Saude, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilHosp Coracao HCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Coracao IP HCor, Ins Pesquisa, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Coracao InCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution