La webquest como estrategia metodológica en la enseñanza universitaria de la asignatura de Contabilidad de Empresas Turísticas

En este artículo se describe la aplicación de una estrategia de aprendizaje por descubrimiento utilizando la técnica del webquest a la asignatura Contabilidad de Empresas Turísticas de la Diplomatura de Turismo de la UNED. Su realización se ha revelado como una actividad estimulante para los estudiantes porque les hace ser protagonistas del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje; el profesor toma el papel de "guía", construyendo el andamiaje que soporta toda la actividad y que orienta al alumno para que autónomamente pueda llevar a cabo su trabajo y adquiera las habilidades y destrezas específicas de la materia. The webquest as a learning model at the university. An application to accounting learners of Tourism Degree Abstract This paper describes a learning experience based on webquest driven by student of the Spanish National University for Distance Education (UNED). In particular, we develop the experience in the Tourism Degree with accounting students. As a pedagogic tool, the webquest is an inquiry-oriented activity that presents important educational possibilities. The learners face up to a stimulating activity where they are the main protagonist. The teachers provide the orientations to develop the students´ attitudes to achieve the knowledge driven by self-learning process

La transparencia organizativa y económica en la Web de las fundaciones: un estudio empírico para España

A través de los estudios realizados durante las últimas décadas ha quedado demostrado que la transparencia en el sector no lucrativo en general y en las fundaciones en particular, es un elemento clave para la mejora de la confianza de los agentes interesados en la organización. Dicha transparencia puede ser considerada desde diferentes ámbitos y conseguida a través de distintos canales o medios. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la transparencia organizativa y económica de las fundaciones, que es mostrada a través de la información que voluntariamente ofrecen estas entidades en sus páginas Web. Antes de pasar a exponer el trabajo empírico, se realiza una revisión teórica de algunos de los estudios publicados sobre el concepto de transparencia y la importancia en el ámbito no lucrativo. Este marco teórico se ha centrado en la rendición de cuentas que realizan, relacionada con su función social y su gestión, desde la perspectiva de la transparencia informativa a través de la Web. Bajo este enfoque se ha diseñado un índice de transparencia que se refiere a la información que las fundaciones ofrecen en sus Webs de forma voluntaria. El índice ha sido elaborado ad hoc y se ha aplicado a un grupo de grandes fundaciones empresariales, obteniéndose datos de carácter descriptivo e inferencial, por cuanto se determina, mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, si hay correlación estadística entre la transparencia económica y la transparencia organizativa obtenida a través de la información publicada on line y cuantificada en las variables resultantes del índice. A la luz del análisis se obtienen conclusiones acerca del nivel de transparencia que tienen las fundaciones en lo que se refiere a su información organizativa y económica y la relación explicativa entre ambos tipos

Organizational and financial transparency in the website of the foundations: an empirical study for Spain

A través de los estudios realizados durante las últimas décadas ha quedado demostrado que la transparencia en el sector no lucrativo en general y en las fundaciones en particular, es un elemento clave para la mejora de la confianza de los agentes interesados en la organización. Dicha transparencia puede ser considerada desde diferentes ámbitos y conseguida a través de distintos canales o medios.Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la transparencia organizativa y económica de las fundaciones, que es mostrada a través de la información que voluntariamente ofrecen estas entidades en sus páginas Web. Antes de pasar a exponer el trabajo empírico, se realiza una revisión teórica de algunos de los estudios publicados sobre el concepto de transparencia y la importancia en el ámbito no lucrativo. Este marco teórico se ha centrado en la rendición de cuentas que realizan, relacionada con su función social y su gestión, desde la perspectiva de la transparencia informativa a través de la Web.Bajo este enfoque se ha diseñado un índice de transparencia que se refiere a la información que las fundaciones ofrecen en sus Webs de forma voluntaria. El índice ha sido elaborado ad hoc y se ha aplicado a un grupo de grandes fundaciones empresariales, obteniéndose datos de carácter descriptivo e inferencial, por cuanto se determina, mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, si hay correlación estadística entre la transparencia económica y la transparencia organizativa obtenida a través de la información publicada on line y cuantificada en las variables resultantes del índice.A la luz del análisis se obtienen conclusiones acerca del nivel de transparencia que tienen las fundaciones en lo que se refiere a su información organizativa y económica y la relación explicativa entre ambos tipos.Transparency in nonprofit sector and foundations, as an element to enhance the confidence of stakeholders in the organization, is a fact shown by several studies in recent decades. Transparency can be considered in various fields and through different channels. In our study we focused on the analysis of the organizational and economic transparency of foundations, shown through the voluntary information on their Website. We review the theoretical previous studies published to put to the foundations within the framework of the social economy. This theoretical framework has focused on accountability that make foundations in relation to its social function and its management, especially since the most recent focus of information transparency across the Website.In this theoretical framework was made an index to quantify the voluntary information which is shown on its website. This index has been developed ad hoc for this study and applied to a group of large corporate foundations.With the application of these data are obtained two kind of results, to a descriptive level and to a inferential level.We analyzed the statistical correlation between economic transparency and organizational transparency offered in the Website through quantified variables by a multiple linear regression. This empirical analysis allows us to draw conclusions about the level of transparency offered by these organizations in relation to their organizational and financial information, as well as explain the relation between them

Organizational and financial transparency in the website of the foundations: an empirical study for Spain

A través de los estudios realizados durante las últimas décadas ha quedado demostrado que la transparencia en el sector no lucrativo en general y en las fundaciones en particular, es un elemento clave para la mejora de la confianza de los agentes interesados en la organización. Dicha transparencia puede ser considerada desde diferentes ámbitos y conseguida a través de distintos canales o medios. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de la transparencia organizativa y económica de las fundaciones, que es mostrada a través de la información que voluntariamente ofrecen estas entidades en sus páginas Web. Antes de pasar a exponer el trabajo empírico, se realiza una revisión teórica de algunos de los estudios publicados sobre el concepto de transparencia y la importancia en el ámbito no lucrativo. Este marco teórico se ha centrado en la rendición de cuentas que realizan, relacionada con su función social y su gestión, desde la perspectiva de la transparencia informativa a través de la Web. Bajo este enfoque se ha diseñado un índice de transparencia que se refiere a la información que las fundaciones ofrecen en sus Webs de forma voluntaria. El índice ha sido elaborado ad hoc y se ha aplicado a un grupo de grandes fundaciones empresariales, obteniéndose datos de carácter descriptivo e inferencial, por cuanto se determina, mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, si hay correlación estadística entre la transparencia económica y la transparencia organizativa obtenida a través de la información publicada on line y cuantificada en las variables resultantes del índice. A la luz del análisis se obtienen conclusiones acerca del nivel de transparencia que tienen las fundaciones en lo que se refiere a su información organizativa y económica y la relación explicativa entre ambos tipos.Transparency in nonprofit sector and foundations, as an element to enhance the confidence of stakeholders in the organization, is a fact shown by several studies in recent decades. Transparency can be considered in various fields and through different channels. In our study we focused on the analysis of the organizational and economic transparency of foundations, shown through the voluntary information on their Website. We review the theoretical previous studies published to put to the foundations within the framework of the social economy. This theoretical framework has focused on accountability that make foundations in relation to its social function and its management, especially since the most recent focus of information transparency across the Website. In this theoretical framework was made an index to quantify the voluntary information which is shown on its website. This index has been developed ad hoc for this study and applied to a group of large corporate foundations. With the application of these data are obtained two kind of results, to a descriptive level and to a inferential level. We analyzed the statistical correlation between economic transparency and organizational transparency offered in the Website through quantified variables by a multiple linear regression. This empirical analysis allows us to draw conclusions about the level of transparency offered by these organizations in relation to their organizational and financial information, as well as explain the relation between them.Escuela de Estudios CooperativosFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEpu

Preliminary Studies of the Toxicity of Agaricus Bisporous Aqueous Enzymatic Extracts (AbAEE) In Rats

The health benefits of extracts from Agaricus bisporus greatly extend its use as components of new functional foods for the treatment and prevention of diseases, rather than restricting it to a good food with high nutritional value and good flavor. A. bisporus aqueous enzymatic extracts (AbAEE) have unique flavor, good taste, and health benefits which makes it a good candidate for its incorporation in different matrices for development of new functional foods and nutraceuticals. The potential use of AbAEE as nutraceutical or incorporated as a part of new functional foods requires its characterization and a subsequent food safety study. The focus of this paper was to carry out a preliminary toxicological study on experimental animals (rats in this case) by acute and sub-chronic oral administration. To evaluate potential adverse effects of AbAEE at high doses the acute toxic class method was used. After administration of the preset doses, behavior changes, toxic symptoms, and deaths were observed continuously for 1 h after treatment and then intermittently at 4th, 8th and 24th h. After these initial observations, the rats were further observed for up to 14 consecutive days for any signs of toxicity and/or death. Because of the likelihood that the results obtained in this preliminary acute toxicity test have a direct relevance for protecting human health with respect to the use of AbAEE as a functional food or nutraceutial, an additional upper dose level of 5000 mg/kg b.wt. was used. Since no death was observed, the LD50 could not be estimated but is expected to exceed 5000 mg/kg and this extract could be classified as hazard category 5 (in Globally Harmonized Classification System for Chemical Substances and Mixtures.) or even unclassified for its acute toxicity by the oral route. The sub-chronic oral toxicity study of AbAEE (250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt. day) did not induce significant alterations in almost all hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Therefore, the overall results of the present study provide supportive data on the use of AbAEE and provide a promising first step for their use as component of new functional foods or as nutraceutical. Though, further studies in both, animals and humans are needed for better evaluation of the food safety of this extract.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España IPT- 2011-1418-060000FEDER IPT- 2011-1418-06000

High-resolution hepatitis C virus subtyping using NS5B deep sequencing and phylogeny, an alternative to current methods

HepatitisCvirus(HCV)is classified into seven major genotypesand67 subtypes. Recent studies haveshownthat inHCVgenotype 1-infected patients, response rates to regimens containingdirect-acting antivirals(DAAs)are subtype dependent. Currently available genotypingmethods have limited subtyping accuracy.Wehave evaluated theperformanceof adeep-sequencing-basedHCVsubtyping assay, developed for the 454/GS-Junior platform, in comparisonwith thoseof two commercial assays (VersantHCVgenotype 2.0andAbbott Real-timeHCVGenotype II)andusingdirectNS5Bsequencing as a gold standard (direct sequencing), in 114 clinical specimenspreviously tested by first-generation hybridization assay (82 genotype 1and32 with uninterpretable results). Phylogenetic analysis of deep-sequencing reads matched subtype 1 callingbypopulation Sanger sequencing(69%1b,31%1a) in 81 specimensandidentified amixed-subtype infection (1b/3a/1a) in one sample. Similarly,amongthe 32previously indeterminate specimens, identical genotypeandsubtype results were obtained by directanddeep sequencing in all but four samples with dual infection. In contrast, both VersantHCVGenotype 2.0andAbbott Real-timeHCVGenotype II failed subtype 1 calling in 13 (16%) samples eachandwere unable to identify theHCVgenotype and/or subtype inmore than half of the nongenotype 1 samples.Weconcluded that deep sequencing ismore efficient forHCVsubtyping than currently available methodsandallows qualitative identificationofmixed infectionsandmay bemorehelpfulwith respect to informing treatment strategies withnewDAA-containing regimens across allHCVsubtypesThis study has been supported by CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial), Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness (MINECO), IDI-20110115; MINECO projects SAF 2009-10403; and also by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS) projects PI10/01505, PI12/01893, and PI13/00456. CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Work at CBMSO was supported by grant MINECO-BFU2011-23604, FIPSE, and Fundación Ramón Areces. X. Forns received unrestricted grant support from Roche and has acted as advisor for MSD, Gilead, and Abbvie. M. Alvarez-Tejado, J. Gregori, and J. M. Muñoz work in Roche Diagnostic

Population-based multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain): rationale and study design

Introduction: We present the protocol of a large population-based case-control study of 5 common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain) that evaluates environmental exposures and genetic factors. Methods: Between 2008-2013, 10,183 persons aged 20-85 years were enrolled in 23 hospitals and primary care centres in 12 Spanish provinces including 1,115 cases of a new diagnosis of prostate cancer, 1,750 of breast cancer, 2,171 of colorectal cancer, 492 of gastro-oesophageal cancer, 554 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 4,101 population-based controls matched by frequency to cases by age, sex and region of residence. Participation rates ranged from 57% (stomach cancer) to 87% (CLL cases) and from 30% to 77% in controls. Participants completed a face-to-face computerized interview on sociodemographic factors, environmental exposures, occupation, medication, lifestyle, and personal and family medical history. In addition, participants completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire and telephone interviews. Blood samples were collected from 76% of participants while saliva samples were collected in CLL cases and participants refusing blood extractions. Clinical information was recorded for cases and paraffin blocks and/or fresh tumor samples are available in most collaborating hospitals. Genotyping was done through an exome array enriched with genetic markers in specific pathways. Multiple analyses are planned to assess the association of environmental, personal and genetic risk factors for each tumor and to identify pleiotropic effects. Discussion: This study, conducted within the Spanish Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), is a unique initiative to evaluate etiological factors for common cancers and will promote cancer research and prevention in Spain.The study was partially funded by the “Accion Transversal del Cancer”, approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01903, PS09/02078, PS09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL, by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP 061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country by European Commission grants FOOD-CT- 2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the The Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489

¿Qué queda de mí?

Este libro es una reclamación a quienes hemos sido, somos o seremos docentes. A quienes no hemos respetado a las personas que se han puesto junto a nosotros y nosotras, confiando su bien más preciado: la libertad. Estas páginas denuncian cada vez que convertimos una visión en la visión, una emoción en la emoción, un saber en el saber, un comportamiento en el comportamiento. Es un grito contra la imposición, la normalización, la neutralización y la universalización de una perspectiva particular. Una pugna contra cada proceso que no se ha conectado con las vidas de los aprendices. Un texto colaborativo realizado por alumnado de Educación y Cambio Social en el Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Málaga y coordinado por Ignacio Calderón Almendros

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics