Weak localization and spin splitting in inversion layers on p-type InAs

We report on the magnetoconductivity of quasi two-dimensional electron systems in inversion layers on p-type InAs single crystals. In low magnetic fields pronounced features of weak localization and antilocalization are observed. They are almost perfectly described by the theory of Iordanskii, Lyanda-Geller and Pikus. This allows us to determine the spin splitting and the Rashba parameter of the ground electric subband as a function of the electron density.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B, 4 page

Stress, coping and presenteeism in nurses assisting critical and potentially critical patients

Objetivo Verificar as associações entre estresse, Coping e presenteísmo em enfermeiros atuantes na assistência direta a pacientes críticos e potencialmente críticos.
 Método Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado entre março e abril de 2010 com 129 enfermeiros hospitalares. Utilizou-se o Inventário de estresse em enfermeiros, Escala de Coping Ocupacional e Questionário de Limitações no Trabalho. Para a análise, aplicaram-se os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e Spearman, Qui- Quadrado e o Teste T. Resultados Observou-se que 66,7% dos enfermeiros apresentaram baixo estresse, 87,6% utilizam estratégias de controle para o enfrentamento do estresse e 4,84% tiveram decréscimo na produtividade. Relações diretas e significativas entre estresse e produtividade perdida foram encontradas. Conclusão O estresse interfere no cotidiano dos enfermeiros e repercute na produtividade. Embora a impossibilidade de testar associações, a estratégia de controle pode minimizar o estresse, o que consequentemente contribui para a melhor produtividade do enfermeiro na assistência a pacientes críticos e potencialmente críticos.
Objetivo Verificar las asociaciones entre el estrés, las estrategias de coping y el presentismo en enfermeros actuantes en la asistencia directa a pacientes críticos y potencialmente críticos. Método Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado entre marzo y abril de 2010 con 129 enfermeros hospitalarios. Se utilizó el Inventario de estrés en enfermeros, la Escala de Afrontamiento Ocupacional y el Cuestionario de Limitaciones Laborales. Para el análisis, se aplicaron las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y Spearman, Chi- Cuadrado y Prueba T. Resultados Fue observado que el 66,7% de los enfermeros presentaban estrés bajo, el 87,6% utilizaban estrategias de control para el coping del estrés y el 4,84% tuvieron reducción de productividad. Se encontraron relaciones directas y significativas entre el estrés y la productividad perdida. Conclusión El estrés interfiere en el cuotidiano de los enfermeros y repercute en su productividad. Aunque sea imposible probar las asociaciones, puede que la estrategia de Control haya minimizado el estrés y consecuentemente contribuido para la mejor productividad del enfermero en la asistencia a pacientes críticos y potencialmente críticos.Objective to verify the associations between stress, Coping and Presenteeism in nurses operating on direct assistance to critical and potentially critical patients. Method this is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, conducted between March and April 2010 with 129 hospital nurses. The Inventory of stress in nurses, Occupational and Coping Questionnaire Range of Limitations at Work were used. For the analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient of Pearson and Spearman, Chi-square and T-test were applied. Results it was observed that 66.7% of the nurses showed low stress, 87.6% use control strategies for coping stress and 4.84% had decrease in productivity. Direct and meaningful relationships between stress and lost productivity were found. Conclusion stress interferes with the daily life of nurses and impacts on productivity. Although the inability to test associations, the control strategy can minimize the stress, which consequently contributes to better productivity of nurses in the care of critical patients and potentially critical.

Presenteísmo em enfermeiros hospitalares

This quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research aimed to determine the estimated productivity of health-related limitations at work in 129 nurses working in direct care delivery to critical and potentially critical patients. Instruments were applied for socio-demographic and functional characterization and for the evaluation of presenteeism (Work Limitations Questionnaire). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used for data analysis. In this study, 75% of nurses obtained a lost productivity index of up to 4.84%. The physical demand domain represented the major limitation for these professionals (25%). Presenteeism was directly correlated to health care, occurrence and number of absences, and indirectly related to work time at the unit. It was concluded that organizational or individual factors influence individuals' productivity, in view of the circumstances involving care delivery to critical and potentially critical patients.Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal con el objetivo de determinar la productividad supuesta de las limitaciones en el trabajo relacionadas con la salud de 129 enfermeros que asisten a pacientes críticos y potencialmente críticos. Se utilizó un instrumento para la caracterización sociodemográfica y funcional y para la evaluación de la presencia. Se realizó un análisis estadístico de los datos con el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. En este estudio, 75 % de los enfermeros obtuvieron un índice de productividad perdida de hasta 4,84%. La demanda física fue el dominio que presentó mayor limitación (25%). La presencia se relacionó directamente a: realización de tratamiento de salud, ocurrencia y número de faltas, e indirectamente al tiempo en la unidad. Se concluye que existe influencia de factores organizacionales o individuales en la productividad del individuo frente a las circunstancias que involucran la asistencia al paciente crítico y potencialmente crítico.Este é um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal com o objetivo de determinar a produtividade estimada das limitações no trabalho, relacionadas à saúde, em 129 enfermeiros atuantes na assistência direta a pacientes críticos e potencialmente críticos. Utilizou-se instrumento para caracterização sociodemográfica e funcional e para a avaliação do presenteísmo (questionário de limitações no trabalho). Procedeu-se à análise estatística dos dados com o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Neste estudo, 75% dos enfermeiros obtiveram índice de produtividade perdida de até 4,84%. A demanda física foi o domínio que representou maior limitação para esses profissionais (25%). O presenteísmo correlacionou-se diretamente à realização de tratamento de saúde, ocorrência e número de faltas, e indiretamente ao tempo de trabalho na unidade. Conclui-se que existe influência de fatores organizacionais ou individuais na produtividade do indivíduo, frente às circunstâncias que envolvem a assistência ao paciente crítico e potencialmente crítico

Acute mediastinitis: multidetector computed tomography findings following cardiac surgery

Mediastinite pós-cirurgias torácicas é definida como a infecção dos órgãos e tecidos do espaço mediastinal, ocorrendo em 0,4% a 5% dos casos. A gravidade da infecção pós-operatória varia desde infecção de tecidos superficiais da parede torácica até mediastinite fulminante com envolvimento esternal. O critério diagnóstico da tomografia computadorizada para mediastinite aguda pós-cirúrgica é a presença de coleção mediastinal, podendo estar associada ou não a anormalidades periesternais como edema/borramento de partes moles, separação dos segmentos esternais com reabsorção óssea marginal, esclerose e osteomielite. Achados associados incluem linfonodomegalias, consolidações pulmonares e derrame pleural e pericárdico. Pequenas coleções e gás mediastinais podem ser usualmente encontradas em pós-operatório recente de cirurgias torácicas sem a presença de infecções, limitando a eficácia da tomografia computadorizada nas duas primeiras semanas. Após esse período, a tomografia alcança quase 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade. Pacientes com suspeita clínica de mediastinite devem ser submetidos a exame de tomografia para pesquisa de coleções, identificando a extensão da doença e sua natureza. A versão de multidetectores propicia recursos de reconstruções em diversos planos e janelas, contribuindo especialmente para o estudo do esterno.Postoperative mediastinitis is defined as an infection of the organs and tissues in the mediastinal space, with an incidence ranging between 0.4% and 5% of cases. This disease severity varies from infection of superficial tissues in the chest wall to fulminant mediastinitis with sternal involvement. Diagnostic criterion for postoperative detection of acute mediastinitis at computed tomography is the presence of fluid collections and gas in the mediastinal space, which might or might not be associated with peristernal abnormalities such as edema of soft tissues, separation of sternal segments with marginal bone resorption, sclerosis and osteomyelitis. Other associated findings include lymphadenomegaly, pulmonary consolidation and pleural/pericardial effusion. Some of these findings, such as mediastinal gas and small fluid collections can be typically found in the absence of infection, early in the period following thoracic surgery where the effectiveness of computed tomography is limited. After approximately two weeks, computed tomography achieves almost 100% sensitivity and specificity. Patients with clinical suspicion of mediastinitis should be submitted to computed tomography for investigating the presence of fluid collections to identify the extent and nature of the disease. Multidetector computed tomography allows 3D images reconstruction, contributing particularly to the evaluation of the sternum

Influência de fatores de estresse e características sociodemográficas na qualidade do sono de estudantes de enfermagem

Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de los factores de estrés y de las características sociodemográficas en la calidad del sueño de estudiantes de enfermería. Método: Estudio analítico, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado con 151 alumnos de pregrado en enfermería de São Paulo entre marzo y abril del año 2012. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: un formulario para la caracterización sociodemográfica, el instrumento de Evaluación del Estrés en Estudiantes de Enfermería y el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh. Resultados: Se verificó predominio de estrés de nivel muy alto en la Gestión del Tiempo (27,8%) y en la Formación Profesional (30,5%), y de baja calidad de Sueño (78,8%). La Comunicación Profesional, la Formación Profesional y la Actividad Teórica se correlacionaron positivamente con la calidad del sueño. La actividad laboral, el año académico y el tiempo diario de estudio contribuyeron para la disminución de la calidad del sueño. Conclusión: Algunos factores de estrés del ambiente académico y algunas características sociodemográficas contribuyen a la disminución de la calidad del sueño del estudiante de enfermería.
Objective:To analyze the influence of stress factors and socio-demographic characteristics on the sleep quality of nursing students. Method: An analytical cross-sectional and quantitative study, conducted with 151 nursing students in São Paulo between March and April of 2012. A form for socio-demographic characteristics, the Instrument to Evaluate Stress in Nursing Students and the Pittsburgh Sleep Index were applied. Results: High levels of stress was predominant for Time Management (27.8%) and Professional Training (30.5%) and low sleep quality (78.8%). The Professional Communication, Professional Training and Theoretical Activity are positively correlated to sleep quality. Work activity, academic year and time for daily studies contributed to a low quality of sleep. Conclusion: Few stress factors from the academic environment and some socio-demographic characteristics contributed to the reduction of sleep quality in students.
Objetivo: Analisar a influência dos fatores de estresse e das características sociodemográficas na qualidade do sono de discentes de enfermagem. Método: Estudo analítico, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 151 discentes de enfermagem de São Paulo entre março e abril de 2012. Aplicaram-se um Formulário para caracterização sociodemográfica, o Instrumento Avaliação de Estresse em Estudantes de Enfermagem e o Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh. Resultados: Verificou-se predomínio de muito alto estresse no Gerenciamento do Tempo (27,8%) e Formação Profissional (30,5%) e de baixa qualidade do sono (78,8%). A Comunicação Profissional, a Formação Profissional e a Atividade Teórica correlacionaram-se positivamente à qualidade do sono. A atividade de trabalho, o ano acadêmico e o tempo de estudos diários contribuíram para a baixa qualidade do sono. Conclusão: Alguns fatores de estresse do ambiente acadêmico e algumas características sociodemográficas contribuem para a redução da qualidade do sono do estudante.

Effect of measurement techniques and operators on measured deviations in digital implant scans.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of different measurement techniques and operators on measured deviations in in vitro implant scans. METHODS A 2-piece system that comprises a healing abutment (HA) and a scan body (SB) was mounted onto an implant at right first molar site of a polymethylmethacrylate mandibular dentate model. Model was digitized by using an industrial scanner (reference model scan, n=1) and an intraoral scanner (test scan, n=20). All standard tessellation language files were imported into a 3-dimensional analysis software and superimposed. Three operators with similar experience performed circle-based and point-based deviation analyses (n=20). Deviations measured with different techniques were compared with paired samples t-test within each operator, while the reliability of the operators was assessed by using F-tests for both technqiues (α=.05). RESULTS Point-based technique resulted in lower deviations than circle-based technique for all operators (P=.001) with to higher reliability among operators (ICC=.438, P=.001). The correlation among the operators was nonsignificant when circle-based technique was used (ICC=.114, P=.189). CONCLUSION Lower deviations were detected with the point-based technique. In addition, different operators' measurements had higher correlation when point-based technique was used compared with circle-based technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Point-based technique may be preferred over circle-based technique for research studies on scan accuracy of implants, given its higher reliability. The accuracy of measured deviations may increase if the number of planes are increased, which can facilitate point generation at different surfaces of the scan body

Occupational risks and health of nursing workers – seeking evidences

Objective: Identify scientific production national and international about occupational risks of nursing team that act in the hospital. Method: Study type integrative literature review. The bibliographic survey occurred by Virtual Health Library, in database BIREME, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane Library and Medline. The descriptors used were "nursing team" or "nursing" and "occupational risks" or "occupational risks" and "work accident". Results: 204 articles were identified and the end sample was composed by 30 scientific articles developed by nursing or with your participation, published in national or international territory. Conclusion: From the search of the produced was revealed the need to implement moments of continuing education, focusing reflexives practices, because the field of occupational health, sometimes centers on punctual training, when the worker receive instructions on how to proceed/behave

THICKNESS ACCURACY OF TEAK BARK BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Estimates of tree bark thickness are fundamental for forest management, however, the degree of precision is conditioned to the adoption of efficient modeling techniques. The objective of this study was to evaluate and propose a model of artificial neural networks to estimate the thickness of the tree bark of Tectona grandis (Teak). The data originated from the measurement of 68 dominant trees, ranging in age from 6 to 33 years. The thickness of the bark was correlated with variables inherent to the tree, being: diameter in the different positions of the stem (di); diameter at 1.3 m height (dbh); total height (ht); relative height (hi_rel); and age (id). The trained networks were of the multilayer perceptron type, and a linear regression model was adjusted as a comparative support. The accuracy of the estimates was evaluated through statistical indicators and graphical analysis. The results showed a strong correlation between bark thickness and tree diameter, as well as relative height, with values above 0.70. Age also exerted a strong influence on the thickness of the bark of the trees. The artificial intelligence technique has demonstrated the potential for such application and the model proposed with the input variables: diameter, relative height and age was the one that presented the best statistical performance, and thus was the most suitable for predicting the bark in Teak trees

Shot noise and spin-orbit coherent control of entangled and spin polarized electrons

We extend our previous work on shot noise for entangled and spin polarized electrons in a beam-splitter geometry with spin-orbit (\textit{s-o}) interaction in one of the incoming leads (lead 1). Besides accounting for both the Dresselhaus and the Rashba spin-orbit terms, we present general formulas for the shot noise of singlet and triplets states derived within the scattering approach. We determine the full scattering matrix of the system for the case of leads with \textit{two} orbital channels coupled via weak \textit{s-o} interactions inducing channel anticrossings. We show that this interband coupling coherently transfers electrons between the channels and gives rise to an additional modulation angle -- dependent on both the Rashba and Dresselhaus interaction strengths -- which allows for further independent coherent control of the electrons traversing the incoming leads. We derive explicit shot noise formulas for a variety of correlated pairs (e.g., Bell states) and lead spin polarizations. Interestingly, the singlet and \textit{each} of the triplets defined along the quantization axis perpendicular to lead 1 (with the local \textit{s-o} interaction) and in the plane of the beam splitter display distinctive shot noise for injection energies near the channel anticrossings; hence, one can tell apart all the triplets, in addition to the singlet, through noise measurements. We also find that spin-orbit induced backscattering within lead 1 reduces the visibility of the noise oscillations, due to the additional partition noise in this lead. Finally, we consider injection of two-particle wavepackets into leads with multiple discrete states and find that two-particle entanglement can still be observed via noise bunching and antibunching.Comment: 30 two-column pages and 7 figure

Cuidados de enfermagem a cliente submetido à fasciotomia - relato de experiência

This study describes the nursing care and coverage and products used in a patient who underwent fasciotomy and its evolution. This is an experience report conducted from March to May 2010. The cleaning was made with Prontosan and vaseline gauze was used to maintain to healing humidity ideal. On the 5th postoperative day, replaced the vaseline gauze by calcium alginate due to the large volume exudate. Twenty days later, switched to the alginate by vaseline gauze, hydrogel or associated with Collagenase, due to reduction of exudation. Remained the conduct even reduce the muscle swelling and infection control for grafting. Then, we used vaseline gauze and topic PVPI in the donor area and vaseline gauze and Medium Chain Triglycerides in the recipient. Has concluded that nurses are responsible for the appointment of the treatment given and that the standardization of conduits and their records provide continued assistance and provided care evaluationEste estudio describe los cuidados de enfermería, coberturas y productos utilizados en un paciente que sufrió fasciotomía y su evolución. Este es un relato de experiencia realizado entre Marzo y Mayo de 2010. Se utilizó Prontosan para la limpieza y gasa vaselinada para mantener la humedad ideal para la cicatrización. En el 5º postoperatorio, fue reemplazada la gasa por el alginato de calcio debido a la gran cantidad de exudado. Veinte días después, se cambió el Alginato por la gasa, con hidrogel o colagenasa asociados, porque la exudación disminuyó. Se mantuvo la conducta hasta reducir el edema muscular y control de infección para el injerto. Entonces, se utilizó gasa vaselinada y PVPI en la zona donante y gasa vaselinada y triglicéridos de cadena media en las receptoras. Se concluyó que las enfermeras son responsables por designar el tratamiento y qué la estandarización de enfoques y sus registros permiten asistencia continua y la evaluación del cuidado.Este estudo descreve a assistência de enfermagem e as coberturas e produtos utilizados em um paciente submetido à fasciotomia e sua evolução. Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizado de Março à Maio de 2010. Realizou-se a higienização com Prontosan e utilizou-se gaze vaselinada para manutenção da umidade ideal para cicatrização. No 5º pós-operatório, substituiu-se a gaze vaselinada pelo Alginato de Cálcio devido ao grande volume de exsudato. Vinte dias depois, trocou-se o Alginato pela gaze vaselinada, associada à Colagenase ou Hidrogel, devido à redução da exsudação. Manteve-se a conduta até reduzir o edema muscular e controlar a infecção para enxertia. Então, utilizou-se gaze vaselinada e PVPI Tópico na área doadora e gaze vaselinada e Triglicerídeos de Cadeia Média nas receptoras. Conluiu-se que enfermeiro é responsável pela indicação do tratamento dispensado e que a padronização das condutas e seus registros permitem a assistência contínua e a avaliação do cuidado prestado