Desfecho de gestante com polimorbidade

Objetivo: Relatar desfecho de gestante com hipotireoidismo e mutação da metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase (MTHFR) indicativo de traço de trombofilia hereditária. Relato de caso: WSR, 38 anos, puérpera, G1P1A0 e com histórico de tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) há um ano. Os exames diagnosticaram hipotireoidismo e traço de trombofilia hereditária heterozigótica. Apresentava, ainda, cansaço extremo devido a anemia diagnosticada, placenta de inserção baixa e intolerância à lactose. Com 35 semanas, cesariana de emergência, sem intercorrências com o feto. Comentários: Compreende-se a importância das consultas pré-natais em busca ativa de morbidades que possam causar intercorrências para as gestantes e o feto, além do acompanhamento multidisciplinar para proporcionar o desfecho favorável a gestação

CLASSIFICATION OF THE LANDCOVER WITH FOCUS ON URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN CAMPO MOURÃO-PR

A cobertura vegetal e a verticalização presentes nas cidades são parâmetros relevantes para o planejamento urbano em relação à qualidade ambiental, pois envolvem a preocupação com o planejamento das cidades em suas diversas esferas. Uma das formas de agregar estas situações se refere ao Planejamento da Paisagem, que se constitui como um instrumento para a organização do espaço. A partir dos parâmetros cobertura vegetal e verticalização, objetivou-se realizar a classificação da cobertura do solo dos bairros Jardim Aeroporto, Jardim Araucária e Centro Comercial, localizados no município de Campo Mourão – Paraná. A classificação foi realizada por meio da construção de uma legenda a qual foi adaptada de Valaski (2013) e Nucci et al. (2014), com auxílio do software QGis 2.6, além de imagens de satélite. A partir da metodologia de Valaski (2013), foram realizadas inferências sobre a qualidade ambiental urbana, por meio da correlação com o parâmetro espaços construídos. Como resultado, observou-se que, nos três bairros estudados, há predominância da classe Espaços Edificados de até 4 pavimentos com vegetação inferior a 30%, o que contribui positivamente para a qualidade ambiental, se comparado a áreas onde há predominância de classes com espaços sem vegetação, impermeabilizados ou com mais de 4 pavimentos.Palavras-chave: Planejamento da Paisagem; cobertura vegetal; verticalização.The vegetal cover and the verticalization in the cities are relevant parameters for the environmental quality in the urban planning because they include the concern with the planning of the cities in all its spheres. One way of adding these situations is by the Landscape Planning, which is an instrument for the space organization. Through the parameters Vegetal Cover and Verticalization, the aim was the classification of the land cover of the neighborhoods Jardim Aeroporto, Jardim Araucária and Centro Comercial, located in Campo Mourão city, Paraná state. The classification has been done through the adaptation of a label, which was created by Valaski (2013) e Nucci et al. (2014), and with support of the software QGis 2.6, and satellite images. Through the methodology of Valaski (2013), inferences about urban environmental quality have also been done by means of a correlation with the Built Spaces parameter. As a result, it was noted that in the three studied neighborhoods, most of the spaces were classified as Built Spaces up to 4 floors with less than 30% of vegetation, which means a positive contribution to the environmental quality in comparison to areas with a predominance of spaces without vegetation, waterproofed or with more than 4 floors.Keywords: Landscape Planning; vegetal cover; verticalization

Secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient air in an oxidation flow reactor in central Amazonia

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from ambient air was studied using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) coupled to an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) during both the wet and dry seasons at the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) field campaign. Measurements were made at two sites downwind of the city of Manaus, Brazil. Ambient air was oxidized in the OFR using variable concentrations of either OH or O3, over ranges from hours to days (O3) or weeks (OH) of equivalent atmospheric aging. The amount of SOA formed in the OFR ranged from 0 to as much as 10 &micro;g m&minus;3, depending on the amount of SOA precursor gases in ambient air. Typically, more SOA was formed during nighttime than daytime, and more from OH than from O3 oxidation. SOA yields of individual organic precursors under OFR conditions were measured by standard addition into ambient air and were confirmed to be consistent with published environmental chamber-derived SOA yields. Positive matrix factorization of organic aerosol (OA) after OH oxidation showed formation of typical oxidized OA factors and a loss of primary OA factors as OH aging increased. After OH oxidation in the OFR, the hygroscopicity of the OA increased with increasing elemental O&thinsp;:&thinsp;C up to O&thinsp;:&thinsp;C&thinsp;&sim;&thinsp;1.0, and then decreased as O&thinsp;:&thinsp;C increased further. Possible reasons for this decrease are discussed. The measured SOA formation was compared to the amount predicted from the concentrations of measured ambient SOA precursors and their SOA yields. While measured ambient precursors were sufficient to explain the amount of SOA formed from O3, they could only explain 10&ndash;50 % of the SOA formed from OH. This is consistent with previous OFR studies, which showed that typically unmeasured semivolatile and intermediate volatility gases (that tend to lack C&thinsp;=&thinsp;C bonds) are present in ambient air and can explain such additional SOA formation. To investigate the sources of the unmeasured SOA-forming gases during this campaign, multilinear regression analysis was performed between measured SOA formation and the concentration of gas-phase tracers representing different precursor sources. The majority of SOA-forming gases present during both seasons were of biogenic origin. Urban sources also contributed substantially in both seasons, while biomass burning sources were more important during the dry season. This study enables a better understanding of SOA formation in environments with diverse emission sources.</p

Absorção de gemelar na gravidez – relato de caso

Introdução: A morte unifetal até o fim do primeiro trimestre, cuja incidência orça em 50%, está associada à completa reabsorção do ovo, não havendo, no parto, qualquer evidência de gravidez gemelar1. Relato de caso: A. C. S., 42 anos, realizou ultrassonografia (USG) transvaginal em maio de 2018, com os seguintes achados: endométrio espessado, apresentando duas imagens aneicóicas compatíveis com sacos gestacionais. Realizou logo a seguir, dosagem da fração beta do hormônio gonadotrófico coriônico humano (BHCG), confirmando a gravidez. Em novo USG em julho de 2018 evidenciou-se óbito em um gemelares e no exame seguinte em setembro do mesmo ano, o relato é de gestação única. A gestante, com gestação única, continuou a fazer suas consultas pré-natais, e evoluiu para parto normal sem intercorrências com recém-nascido saudável. Comentários: Aproximadamente 14% das gestações gemelares são reduzidas espontaneamente a gestação única, até o final do primeiro trimestre. A monocorionicidade está relacionada a muitas complicações tais como: síndrome de transfusão gêmeo-gemelar (STGG), restrição seletiva do crescimento fetal (CIUR), óbito fetal intrauterino e gêmeo acárdico. O manejo das situações irá depender da idade gestacional, da gravidade do acometimento dos fetos e do comprimento do colo uterino. A gestação gemelar com perda fetal por absorção no primeiro trimestre, em sua maioria, não resulta em maiores complicações, podendo a gestação resultante seguir até o termo sem maiores intercorrências

Volatility and lifetime against OH heterogeneous reaction of ambient isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA)

Isoprene-epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) can contribute substantially to organic aerosol (OA) concentrations in forested areas under low NO conditions, hence significantly influencing the regional and global OA budgets, accounting, for example, for 16-36% of the submicron OA in the southeastern United States (SE US) summer. Particle evaporation measurements from a thermodenuder show that the volatility of ambient IEPOX-SOA is lower than that of bulk OA and also much lower than that of known monomer IEPOX-SOA tracer species, indicating that IEPOX-SOA likely exists mostly as oligomers in the aerosol phase. The OH aging process of ambient IEPOX-SOA was investigated with an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). New IEPOX-SOA formation in the reactor was negligible, as the OFR does not accelerate processes such as aerosol uptake and reactions that do not scale with OH. Simulation results indicate that adding ∼ 100µgm-3 of pure H2SO4 to the ambient air allows IEPOX-SOA to be efficiently formed in the reactor. The heterogeneous reaction rate coefficient of ambient IEPOX-SOA with OH radical (kOH) was estimated as 4.0±2.0 × 10-13cm3molec-1s-1, which is equivalent to more than a 2-week lifetime. A similar kOH was found for measurements of OH oxidation of ambient Amazon forest air in an OFR. At higher OH exposures in the reactor (> 1 × 1012moleccm-3s), the mass loss of IEPOX-SOA due to heterogeneous reaction was mainly due to revolatilization of fragmented reaction products. We report, for the first time, OH reactive uptake coefficients (γOH = 0.59±0.33 in SE US and γOH = 0.68±0.38 in Amazon) for SOA under ambient conditions. A relative humidity dependence of kOH and γOH was observed, consistent with surface-area-limited OH uptake. No decrease of kOH was observed as OH concentrations increased. These observations of physicochemical properties of IEPOX-SOA can help to constrain OA impact on air quality and climate

Influence of urban pollution on the production of organic particulate matter from isoprene epoxydiols in central Amazonia

The atmospheric chemistry of isoprene contributes to the production of a substantial mass fraction of the particulate matter (PM) over tropical forests. Isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) produced in the gas phase by the oxidation of isoprene under HO2-dominant conditions are subsequently taken up by particles, thereby leading to production of secondary organic PM. The present study investigates possible perturbations to this pathway by urban pollution. The measurement site in central Amazonia was located 4 to 6 h downwind of Manaus, Brazil. Measurements took place from February through March 2014 of the wet season, as part of the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment. Mass spectra of organic PM collected with an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer were analyzed by positive-matrix factorization. One resolved statistical factor (IEPOX-SOA factor) was associated with PM production by the IEPOX pathway. The IEPOX-SOA factor loadings correlated with independently measured mass concentrations of tracers of IEPOX-derived PM, namely C5-alkene triols and 2-methyltetrols (R = 0. 96 and 0.78, respectively). The factor loading, as well as the ratio f of the loading to organic PM mass concentration, decreased under polluted compared to background conditions. For an increase in NOy concentration from 0.5 to 2 ppb, the factor loading and f decreased by two to three fold. Overall, sulfate concentration explained 37 % of the variability in the factor loading. After segregation of factor loading into subsets based on NOy concentration, the sulfate concentration explained up to 75 % of the variability. Considering both factors, the data sets show that the suppressing effects of increased NO concentrations dominated over the enhancing effects of higher sulfate concentrations. The pollution from Manaus elevated NOy concentrations more significantly than sulfate concentrations relative to background conditions. In this light, increased emissions of nitrogen oxides, as anticipated for some scenarios of Amazonian economic development, could significantly alter pathways of PM production that presently prevail over the tropical forest, implying changes to air quality and regional climate.</html

Marcas e promoções de varejo: um estudo experimental

O principal objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o efeito da marca em promoções de varejo alimentício. Ao total 90 indivíduos participaram da pesquisa. Por meio do método experimental testou-se quatro hipóteses. Verificou-se que uma marca muito reconhecida pelo mercado, influencia significativamente a atratividade e intenção de recomendar a promoção comparada a uma marca pouco reconhecida. Não foi identificada diferença significativa entre a promoção somente do produto e o produto mais a marca pouco reconhecida. Esse estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão de como marcas fortes no mercado podem ser usadas para atrair a atenção do consumidor em promoções de lojas de varejos situadas em bairros

Deriving Brown Carbon from Multi-Wavelength Absorption Measurements: Method and Application to AERONET and Surface Observations

The radiative impact of organic aerosols (OA) is a large source of uncertainty in estimating the global direct radiative effect (DRE) of aerosols. This radiative impact includes not only light scattering but also light absorption from a subclass of OA referred to as brown carbon (BrC). However, the absorption properties of BrC are poorly understood, leading to large uncertainties in modeling studies. To obtain observational constraints from measurements, a simple absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) method is often used to separate the contribution of BrC absorption from that of black carbon (BC). However, this attribution method is based on assumptions regarding the spectral dependence of BC that are often violated in the ambient atmosphere. Here we develop a new AAE method which improves upon previous approaches by using the information from the wavelength-dependent measurements themselves and by allowing for an atmospherically relevant range of BC properties, rather than fixing these at a single assumed value. We note that constraints on BC optical properties and mixing state would help further improve this method. We apply this method to multiwavelength absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) measurements at AERONET sites worldwide and surface aerosol absorption measurements at multiple ambient sites. We estimate that BrC globally contributes up to 40 % of the seasonally averaged absorption at 440 nm. We find that the mass absorption coefficient of OA (OA-MAC) is positively correlated with the BC ∕ OA mass ratio. Based on the variability in BC properties and BC ∕ OA emission ratio, we estimate a range of 0.05–1.5 m² g⁻¹ for OA-MAC at 440 nm. Using the combination of AERONET and OMI UV absorption observations we estimate that the AAE388∕440 nm for BrC is generally  ∼ 4 worldwide, with a smaller value in Europe (< 2). Our analyses of observations at two surface sites (Cape Cod, to the southeast of Boston, and the GoAmazon2014/5 T3 site, to the west of Manaus, Brazil) reveal no significant relationship between BrC absorptivity and photochemical aging in urban-influenced conditions. However, the absorption of BrC measured during the biomass burning season near Manaus is found to decrease with photochemical aging with a lifetime of  ∼ 1 day. This lifetime is comparable to previous observations within a biomass burning plume but much slower than estimated from laboratory studies. Given the large uncertainties associated with AERONET retrievals of AAOD, the most challenging aspect of our analysis is that an accurate, globally distributed, multiple-wavelength aerosol absorption measurement dataset is unavailable at present. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the properties, evolution, and impacts of global BrC will rely on the future deployment of accurate multiple-wavelength absorption measurements to which AAE methods, such as the approach developed here, can be applied

Elemental Mixing State of Aerosol Particles Collected in Central Amazonia during GoAmazon2014/15

International audienceTwo complementary techniques, Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy/Near Edge Fine Structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), have been quantitatively combined to characterize individual atmospheric particles. This pair of techniques was applied to particle samples at three sampling sites (ATTO, ZF2, and T3) in the Amazon basin as part of the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) field campaign during the dry season of 2014. The combined data was subjected to k-means clustering using mass fractions of the following elements: C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn. Cluster analysis identified 12 particle types across different sampling sites and particle sizes. Samples from the remote Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO, also T0a) exhibited less cluster variety and fewer anthropogenic clusters than samples collected at the sites nearer to the Manaus metropolitan region, ZF2 (also T0t) or T3. Samples from the ZF2 site contained aged/anthropogenic clusters not readily explained by transport from ATTO or Manaus, possibly suggesting the effects of long range atmospheric transport or other local aerosol sources present during sampling. In addition, this data set allowed for recently established diversity parameters to be calculated. All sample periods had high mixing state indices (χ) that were >0.8. Two individual particle diversity (D i) populations were observed, with particles 0.5 µm particles having a D i of ~3.6, which likely correspond to fresh and aged aerosols, respectively. The diversity parameters determined by the quantitative method presented here will serve to aid in the accurate representation of aerosol mixing state, source apportionment, and aging in both less polluted and more developed environments in the Amazon Basin