Heats of Mixing Using an Isothermal Titration Calorimeter: Associated Thermal Effects

The correct determination of the energy generated or absorbed in the sample cell of an Isothermal Titration Calorimeter (ITC) requires a thorough analysis of the calorimetric signal. This means the identification and quantification of any thermal effect inherent to the working method. In this work, it is carried out a review on several thermal effects, studied by us in previous work, and which appear when an ITC is used for measuring the heats of mixing of liquids in a continuous mode. These effects are due to: (i) the difference between the temperature of the injected liquid and the temperature of the mixture during the mixing process, (ii) the increase of the liquid volume located in the mixing cell and (iii) the stirring velocity. Besides, methods for the identification and quantification of the mentioned effects are suggested

The use of the ESS Bilbao installations for laser fusion studies

In this work the use of ESS-Bilbao fast neutron lines for irradiation of materials for nuclear fusion is studied. For the comparison of ESS-Bilbao with an inertial fusion facility a simplified model of HiPER chamber has been used. Several positions for irradiation at ESS-Bilbao have been also compared. The material chosen for the damage analysis is silica due to its importance on IFC optics. In this work a detailed comparison between the two facilities for silica irradiation is given. The comparison covers the neutron fluxes, doses, defect production and PKA spectra. This study is also intended as a methodological approach or guideline for future works on other materials

Evidence of shared bovine viral diarrhea infections between red deer and extensively raised cattle in south-central Spain

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects cattle production worldwide and that can infect other ungulates such as cervids and even wild boar (Sus scrofa). It is believed that domestic livestock can become infected through contact with wild animals, though it is known that infection can spread among wild animals in the absence of contact with livestock. Little is known about the sharing of BVDV infection between wild and domestic animals in the same habitat, which is important for designing eradication campaigns and preventing outbreaks, especially on hunting estates with high animal densities

Synthesis and functionalization of biocompatible Tb:CePO4 nanophosphors with spindle-like shape

Monoclinic Tb:CePO4 nanophosphors with a spindle-like morphology and tailored size (in the nanometer and micrometer range) have been prepared through a very simple procedure, which consists of aging, at low temperature (120 C), ethylene glycol solutions containing only cerium and terbium acetylacetonates and phosphoric acid, not requiring the addition of surfactants or capping agents. The influence of the heating mode (conventional convection oven or microwave oven) and the Tb doping level on the luminescent, structural and morphological features of the precipitated nanoparticles have also been analyzed. This study showed that microwave-assisted heating resulted in an important beneficial effect on the luminescent properties of these nanophosphors. Finally, a procedure for the functionalization of the Tb:CePO4 nanoparticles with asparticdextran is also reported. The functionalized nanospindles presented negligible toxicity for Verocells, which along with theirs excellent luminescent properties, make them suitable for biomedical applications.Junta de Andalucía FQM6090España CICYT MAT2011-2359

Equation of the Line Under Different Ratios

La manera común en la que calculamos la ecuación de una recta es por la razon de la tangente, dado que es la mas facil de calcular por el menor número de operaciones. Sin embargo, en este artículo vemos el  comportamiento de las demás razones para la obtención de una recta. El resultado al que llegamos es el mismo en todas las razones, es decir, demostramos que no importa la razon por el que calculemos la ecuación de la recta, la ecuación simplificada es la misma. En pocas palabras, la ecuación de una recta  es invariente con las razones trigonométricas.The common way in which we calculate the equation of a line is by the tangent ratio, since it is the easiest to calculate due to the fewest number of operations. However, in this article we see the behavior of the other reasons mathematics for obtaining a straight line. The result we get is the same in all reasons, and to say, we demonstrate that it doesn't matter the reason why we calculate the equation of a line, the simplified ecuation is the same. Simply put,the equation of a line is invariant with trigonometric ratios

COMPARACIÓN DE MAPAS DE PREFERENCIA MEDIANTE EL ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO CUANTITATIVO Y PERFIL FLASH EN HAMBURGUESAS/Comparison of preference mapping through quantitative descriptive analysis and ash prole in hamburgers

En la presente investigación se muestra el uso del perl ash (PF) como base para la generación del mapa externo de preferencias (MEP) y su comparación con el MEP convencional, realizado con la técnica del análisis descriptivo cuantitativo (QDA R ). Las formulaciones de hamburguesas de barrilete negro (Euthynnus lineatus) se caracterizaron empleando un panel entrenado, un panel sin entrenamiento y un grupo de consumidores. El panel entrenado realizó la caracterización sensorial mediante la técnica QDA R , el panel sin entrenamiento mediante la técnica PF y el grupo de consumidores únicamente otorgó la preferencia o rechazo. Se aplicaron análisis de varianza para determinar el desempeño de cada panel en la discriminación, análisis multivariados para la representación sensorial de las hamburguesas y la técnica del mapa externo de preferencias (MEP), modelos vectorial y circular asociado con el coeciente de determinación (R2 ), para comparar el ajuste entre los datos. Los resultados mostraron que el panel PF tuvo un mejor desempeño de discriminación en algunos atributos sensoriales que concuerdan con los atributos evaluados por el panel QAD R . El R2 determinó que el mejor ajuste de los datos hedónicos-descriptivos para el MEP modelo vectorial fue con los datos del PF y para el caso del modelo circular fueron similares. En conclusión, el uso del PF para la construcción del MEP es una opción rápida y comparativa al MEP convencional para la búsqueda de atributos sensoriales que tengan conexión con la parte hedónica de los consumidores

Implementación y desarrollo de la convivencia y la mediación en las universidades

Planteamiento: Tras la publicación de la Ley 3/2022, de 24 de febrero,de Convivencia Universitaria (en adelante, Ley 3/2022), la Conferencia Universitaria Internacional para el Estudio de la Mediación y el Conflicto (CUEMYC) y el Centro Internacional Interuniversitario de Estudios de la Paz, de la Mediación y la Convivencia de la Universidad de La Laguna (CIPAMECO), con la colaboración de la Cátedra UNESCO Cátedra Unesco Educación transformadora: ciencia, comunicación y sociedad, valoraron la necesidad de elaborar un documento de reflexión y propuestas sobre el contenido de la Ley y sus oportunidades, en el que participaran diferentes sectores de la comunidad universitaria (Alumnado, Personal Docente e Investigador y Personal de Administración y Servicios), especialistas y responsables de órganos universitarios relacionados con el conflicto y con la convivencia (Secretarías Generales, Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, Defensorías Universitarias, Unidades de Igualdad, Inspección de Servicios, etc.), además de quienes conforman la CUEMYC y las unidades de convivencia y mediación que actualmente están en funcionamiento en las Universidades españolas. Todo ello con el objetivo de potenciar la convivencia universitaria, trabajando colaborativa y proactivamente, valorando diferentes posibilidades de incorporar a la universidad las metodologías constructivas de gestión de conflictos y, entre ellas, la mediación. Fruto de ese trabajo, el presente documento pretende dar respuestas a los retos que las universidades deben afrontar ante lo establecido en la citada Ley 3/2022. Así, se presentan propuestas, reflexiones y recomendaciones para la implementación de la mediación y el desarrollo de la convivencia en las universidades, confiando en que su contenido facilite a las Universidades la adopción de medidas idóneas al incorporar la mediación y otros procedimientos constructivos de la gestión de los conflictos en la Universidad, con base en criterios que aporten mayor conocimiento de la materia, propiciando, con ello, la convivencia positiva. El documento se organiza en tres partes. Comienza, en una primera parte, presentando los antecedentes normativos a la Ley de Convivencia Universitaria para, posteriormente, analizar sus oportunidades y riesgos. En la segunda parte reflexiona sobre diferentes aspectos relacionados con la convivencia y los conflictos en la Universidad y, finalmente, en la tercera parte, con un necesario enfoque pedagógico, da a conocer, sensibiliza y contextualiza sobre el significado de convivencia y el de mediación, para finalizar con una propuesta para la implementación y desarrollo de la convivencia y la mediación en las Universidades

Fabry Nephropathy: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review.

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare, X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene encoding the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Complete or partial deficiency in this enzyme leads to intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and other glycosphingolipids in many cell types throughout the body, including the kidney. Progressive accumulation of Gb3 in podocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and tubular cells contribute to the renal symptoms of FD, which manifest as proteinuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate leading to renal insufficiency. A correct diagnosis of FD, although challenging, has considerable implications regarding treatment, management, and counseling. The diagnosis may be confirmed by demonstrating the enzyme deficiency in males and by identifying the specific GLA gene mutation in male and female patients. Treatment with enzyme replacement therapy, as part of the therapeutic strategy to prevent complications of the disease, may be beneficial in stabilizing renal function or slowing its decline, particularly in the early stages of the disease. Emergent treatments for FD include the recently approved chaperone molecule migalastat for patients with amenable mutations. The objective of this report is to provide an updated overview on Fabry nephropathy, with a focus on the most relevant aspects of its epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment options.S

Tuning intermolecular charge transfer in donor-acceptor two-dimensional crystals on metal surfaces

Organic charge transfer (CT) compounds display a wide range of exotic electronic properties (charge-density wave stabilization, Peierls transitions, etc.) depending on the amount of charge transferred from the donor (D) to the acceptor (A) species. A complete exploration of the complex electronic phase diagrams for such compounds would thus require methods to systematically tune the amount of charge exchanged in the CT process. This has proven however challenging in the past: chemical functionalization of the constituent molecules can also affect the packing of the molecular units in the crystal, whereas changing D:A stoichiometry is often not possible in the bulk. Interestingly, it was recently found that multiple stoichiometries can actually be achieved by codeposition of different amounts of D and A molecules on metal surfaces. The question, however, of whether CT processes between D and A molecules can be tuned with the D:A ratio in such mixtures has not yet been studied, and it is no trivial matter, since competing CT processes between the metal surface and the organic adsorbates might hinder interadsorbate charge transfer. Here we demonstrate that the CT process from the organic donor tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) to the acceptor tetracyanoquino-p-dimethane (TCNQ) can be tuned with exquisite accuracy (∼0.1 e) by controlling the stoichiometry of D:A cocrystals deposited on Ag(111). This control opens new avenues to explore the complex phase diagrams of organic CT compounds and to tailor their electronic properties.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness (Grants FIS2012-33011, FIS2015-67367-C2-1-P, FIS2013-42002-R, FIS2016-77889-R, CTQ2013-43698-P, CTQ2016-76061-P), the regional government of Comunidad de Madrid (Grants S2009/MAT1726 and S2013/MIT-3007), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM/48) and IMDEA Nanoscience. L.F. acknowledges financial support from MIUR (PRIN-2010BNZ3F2, Project DESCARTES), S.D.-T. acknowledges the ‘“Ramón y Cajal”’ program of the MINECO (RYC-2010-07019), and the María de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D of the MINECO (MDM-2014-0377)