PLOEG, J. D. van der. Camponeses e a arte da agricultura: um manifesto chayanoviano. Porto Alegre/São Paulo, Ed. UFRGS/UNESP, 2016. 196p.

O presente trabalho se propõe a apreentar ideias contidade no Livro escrito por Jean Douwe van der Ploeg e lançado pelas editoras da UNESP e UFRGS em 2016. O autor do livro é Professor de Sociologia Rural na Wageningen University, na Holanda, e na Universidade Agrícola da China, em Pequim. Ele possui uma série de estudos sobre os camponeses, e neste livro ele apresenta experiências da agricultura camponesa e suas perspectivas para o futuro do campesinato com base nas principais obras de Aleksander Vasilievich Chayanov. Ploeg (2016) apresenta uma agricultura camponesa que certamente não é a mesma do século passado, mas que ainda persiste e sobrevive mesmo com as constantes adversidades que cercam sua atividade, além disso o autor apresenta formas de compreender os camponeses, sua importância para a alimentação mundial e um pouco dos processos de recampesinação que estão acontencendo mundo a fora. Esse livro ajuda a compreender melhor como podem ser entendidos os camponeses, além de fazer chegar ao Brasil uma leitura tão imprescindível sobre Chayanov, o qual Ploeg define no primeiro capítulo como um gênio.

Políticas voltadas para feiras da agricultura familiar no Vale do Rio Pardo (RS): estratégias locais para a soberania e segurança alimentar e nutricional

Abordagens ampliadas em saúde têm sido pautadas em políticas públicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento rural, contribuindo para reflexões que aprofundam interfaces entre práticas alimentares, saúde e fatores sociais, econômicos, ambientais, culturais e políticos. Considerando a relevância das relações de proximidade entre agricultores e consumidores, especialmente no que se refere a promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN), da Soberania Alimentar e da garantia do acesso à Alimentação Adequada e Saudável para quem produz e para quem consome, as feiras da agricultura familiar adquirem centralidade em âmbito local. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar experiências de políticas públicas municipais voltadas ao fortalecimento de feiras na região do Vale do Rio Pardo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Para tal, a pesquisa toma dados secundários sobre desenvolvimento de SAN nos municípios da região, bem como dados de entrevistas com gestores e técnicos da região, com ênfase a interlocutores de dois municípios onde uma iniciativa de Vale Feira está em andamento. Os dados reforçam a centralidade das feiras como estratégia fundamental para a diversificação da produção de agricultores familiares, refletindo não apenas em SAN para os consumidores como também para as próprias famílias produtoras

Uma abordagem de matrizes na perspectiva de resolução de problemas

Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o relato e as reflexões referentes a uma experiência vivenciada com alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio, no desenvolvimento de atividades para o ensino- aprendizagem do conteúdo Matriz. A Resolução de Problemas, conforme Onuchic e Allevato (2011), Onuchic e Allevato (2004), Onuchic (1999), foi a metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem adotada. A elaboração e a implementação ocorreram no contexto de duas disciplinas do curso de licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste). Como principal resultado da prática realizada destacamos a participação e o envolvimento dos estudantes na relização das atividades propostas, bem como a oportunidade dos professores em formação experenciarem e refletirem sobre a realização de atividades em sala de aula, por meio da Resolução de Problemas.Palavras-chave: Resolução de problemas; Matrizes; Educação Matemática; Ensino Médio. An approach of matrices in the perspective of problem solvingAbstract: This paper aims to present a report and the reflections related to an experience with students of the 2nd year of High School, in the development of activities for the teaching-learning about Matrix concepts. Problem Solving, according to Onuchic and Allevato (2011), Onuchic and Allevato (2004), Onuchic (1999), was the teaching-learning methodology adopted. The elaboration and implementation became of in the context of two subjects of the Mathematics Degree Course in the State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste). As a main result of the practice we highlight the participation and involvement of students in the realization of the proposed activities, as well as the opportunity for teachers in formation to experience and reflect about the aplication of activities in the classroom, through Problem Solving.Keywords: Problem solving; Matrices; Mathematics Education; High School.

what is the evidence?

Background: This study's aims are to assess the current evidence presented in the literature regarding the potential risks of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women and consequent fetal transmission. Methods: a systematic literature review assessing papers published in the most comprehensive databases in the field of health intended to answer the question, "What are the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, and what is the neonatal prognosis?" Results: 49 papers published in 2020 were eligible, presenting low levels of evidence. A total of 755 pregnant women and 598 infants were assessed; more than half of pregnant women had C-sections (379/65%). Only 493 (82%) infants were tested for SARS-CoV-2, nine (2%) of whom tested positive. There is, however, no evidence of vertical transmission based on what has been assessed so far, considering there are knowledge gaps concerning the care provided during and after delivery, as well as a lack of suitable biological samples for testing SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: We cannot rule out potential worsening of the clinical conditions of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2, whether the infection is associated with comorbidities or not, due to the occurrence of respiratory disorders, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and acid-base imbalance, among others. We recommend relentless monitoring of all pregnant women in addition to testing them before delivery or the first contact with newborns.publishersversionpublishe

Plant Poisoning Containing Hydrocyanic Acid in Cattle in Southern Brazil

Background: Cyanogenic plants accumulate cyanogenic glycosides and release hydrocyanic acid (HCN). In Brazil, there have been reports of several plants that cause HCN poisoning in animals and lead to a fast death with few clinical signs and lesions on post-mortem examination. Some cultivars of Cynodon spp. grasses cause HCN poisoning in cattle in Brazil. The objectives of this work were to report the occurrence of deaths by HCN poisoning in cattle as diagnosed by the veterinary pathology laboratory, describe the quantity of HCN in some cultivars of Cynodon spp., as well as, to describe one cultivar of genus Cynodonnever reported as poisonous.Materials, Methods & Results: The archives of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) at the Concórdia Campus of the Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC) were reviewed, seeking cases with a diagnosis of hydrocyanic acid poisoning in cattle after post mortem examination. The amount of HCN present in some cultivars of the Cynodon genus was quantified due to the high frequency of poisoning cases. From the 1,235 post mortem examinations of cattle 28 (2.27%) were diagnosed with spontaneous hydrocyanic acid poisoning, 17 cases (60.7%) due to ingestion of Prunus sp. or Manihot sp., and 11 cases (39.3%) of Cynodon dactylon ingestion. Most animals were found dead, normally having presented no clinical signs. Macroscopic evaluation mainly showed a severe amount of unchewed and undigested leaves or grass mixed in the ruminal content presenting a bitter almond odor. It was possible to infer that, among cultivars of the Cynodon genus, Florakirk showed the highest levels of HCN compared (P < 0.05) with Star of Puerto Rico, Tifton 68, Tifton 44, and Coast-Cross. Furthermore, Tifton 85 and Jiggs showed undetected levels of HCN. Leaves showed the highest HCN levels when comparing different parts of the plant. Regarding conservation methods, hay showed undetectable levels of HCN.Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first description of HCN poisoning in cattle due to ingestion of Cynodon dactylon cultivar Florakirk. This condition is described with a fast-clinical course, with animals found dead with no premonitory clinical signs. Poisoned animals did not develop macroscopic or microscopic specific lesions. Poisoning can be suspected when animals die suddenly, with absence of lesions under necropsy, and large amounts of unchewed and undigested leaves or grass inside their forestomaches. The diagnosis can be established performing the Picrosodic paper test, either in the pasture, or in the ruminal content. Occasionally however, HCN can go undetected when this chemical compound volatilizes between death and necropsy after several hours. Of all the Cynodon cultivars evaluated, Florakirk was the most dangerous for animals. In contrast, Tifton 85 and Jiggs released no HCN. Leaves were the part of the plant presenting the highest concentration of HCN. This is a defense mechanism that the plant develops against the ingestion by animals. This condition can cause great economic losses to farmers with the loss of animals and the need for prevention by using cultivars without HCN or hay, as 2.27% (28) of deaths diagnosed by the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory in the west of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were due to HCN poisoning. Notably, Florakirk cultivar was identified as the most dangerous cultivar tested, with higher levels compared with Tifton 68. The Star of Puerto Rico cultivar showed similar levels of HCN as Tifton 68. Both cultivars are commonly cultivated in many farms in the south of Brazil

Ethylene Biosynthesis Inhibitors on the Quality of the Coffee Beverage and Efficiency of the Mechanical Harvest

The aim of the project is to evaluate the efficiency of the product based in Ethephonin® the standartization of the maturation of the fruits, in an answer of the mechanical harvest and the quality of the coffee beverage. The study was conducted at Aruã Farm, in Piumhi, Southwest of Brazil. The plants used in the research are from Coffea arábica L, planted in 2005, in the space of 3.2m x 0.60m. The experimental design adopted had randomized blocks with four treatments: T1 – Ethephon® (130ml/100ml water), T2 – controlling treatment, T3 – Ethephon® plus pH reductor (130ml plus 40ml/100 L water), T4 – Ethephon® plus bioprotector (130 ml plus 285.71 gr/100 L water) and 4 repetitions, totalizing, 16 parcels. To determine the percentual of the leaves fall of the coffee trees, four scores of the leaves: before applying the product, 15 days after applying, before and after the mechanical harvest. The harvest started when, the maturation of the beans got the following levels: T1 – 89.79% of cherry fruits, T2 – 72.98% of fruits, T – 86.02% of cherry fruits, T4 86.63% of cherry fruits. After the harvest the beans were taken to testes, of the region. The product Ethephon influenced in the maturation of the coffee fruits, increasing the efficiency of the mechanical harvest, reducing the volume (percentual) of the pass through. The product didn’t influence the defoliation of the plants. There was no interference among the treatments to taste the beverages and the samples ranking

Estenose colorretal congênita em um cão da raça Golden Retriever / Congenital colorectal stenosis in a Golden Retriever dog

Eventos complexos ocorrem no intestino em um período inicial da vida embrionária, assim, muitas malformações são o resultado de uma embriogênese anormal. Anomalias de segmento intestinal têm como causa mais provável a isquemia de um segmento durante o início da vida fetal, resultando em necrose da área afetada. A literatura é relativamente vasta no que diz respeito às alterações intestinais congênitas em bovinos e suínos, porém, no que se refere aos cães, são raros os relatos, principalmente quando se trata de atresia e estenose do intestino grosso. Tais anomalias causam transtornos geralmente fatais em filhotes, entretanto são negligenciadas. Este trabalho relata um caso de estenose colorretal em um cão com 20 dias de idade cujo diagnóstico foi baseado em exame ultrassonográfico e achados de necropsia. Alerta-se para a importância de incluir a patologia no diagnóstico diferencial dos transtornos gastrointestinais em filhotes

Craniectomia descompressiva no infarto cerebral extenso

Twenty one patients were submitted to decompressive craniectomy for massive cerebral infarct. Ten patients (47.6%) presented a good outcome at the 6 months evaluation, eight had a poor outcome (38%) and three died (14.2%). There was no outcome statistical difference between surgery before and after 24 hours of ictus, dominant and non-dominant stroke groups. Patients older than 60 years and those who had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)8 at pre-surgical exam and decompressive craniectomy before signs of brain herniation represent the main factors related to a better outcome. Dominant hemispheric infarction does not represent exclusion criteria.Vinte e um pacientes foram submetidos a craniectomia descompressiva para o tratamento de infarto cerebral extenso. Dez pacientes (47,6%) apresentaram boa evolução em avaliação após 6 meses, 8 apresentaram evolução desfavorável (38%) e 3 faleceram (14,2%). Durante o seguimento, não se evidenciou diferença estatística na evolução entre pacientes operados antes e após 24 horas do ictus, nem entre lesões envolvendo o hemisfério dominante versus não dominante. Pacientes com mais de 60 anos e aqueles com Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG)8 no exame pré-operatório e craniectomia descompressiva antes de sinais de herniação cerebral representam os principais fatores relacionados a uma melhor evolução clínica. Infarto hemisférico envolvendo o hemisfério dominante não representa um critério de exclusão.33934